(3.4)--第一节课Humanitarian&SustainableDeve.pdf

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1、 Humanitarian&Sustainable Development Initiative(HDI)中国国际中国国际人道人道与与可持续发展可持续发展创新者创新者计划计划 OVERVIEW概述概述 Introductions 简介简介 Quiz 小测验小测验 Global Frameworks全球框架全球框架 When the rubber hits the road实践的道路实践的道路 Discussion讨论讨论 OVERVIEW概述概述 Sustainable Development Goals可持续发展目标可持续发展目标 Paris Agreement巴黎巴黎协协定定 Sendai

2、 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 仙台仙台减灾框架减灾框架 World Humanitarian Summit世界人道主义峰会世界人道主义峰会 Financing for Development Framework 发展发展融资融资框架框架 Increasing Losses from Climate-related disasters 与与气候气候有关有关的的灾害造成灾害造成的损失增加的损失增加 In 1998-2017 disaster-hit countries also reported direct economic losses valu

3、ed at US$2,908 billion,of which climate-related disasters caused US$2,245 billion%(or 77%of the total.This is up from 68%(US$895 billion)of losses(US$1,313 billion)reported between 1978 and 1997.1998年至2017年，受灾国家也报告了价值29,080亿美元亿美元的直接经济损失，其中与气气候有关候有关的灾害造成的有22,450亿美元（占占总价值的总价值的77）。相比于1978年至1997年报告的损失（1

4、3,130亿美元）的68（8,950亿美元）有所升高。Source:CRED Crunch No.52,Oct 2018 资源：资源：灾害流行病学研究中心灾害流行病学研究中心通讯通讯 No.52,2018年10月 Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals 20302030年可持续发展目标议程年可持续发展目标议程 Sustainable Development Goals可持续可持续发展目标发展目标(2015 2030)Committed to ending extreme poverty,fighting inequality and injustic

5、e,and fixing climate change by 2030.致力于在2030年之前消除极端贫困、减少不平等和不公正现象、改善气候变化问题。What are the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)?什么是可持续发展目标？什么是可持续发展目标？A universal call to action to end poverty,protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.The goals are interconnected often the

6、key to success on one will involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another.呼吁全世界行动起来，消除贫困、保护地球并确保所有人享有和平与繁荣。所有目标是相互关联的成功实现一个目标的关键，往往在于解决通常与另一个目标相关联的问题。What is UNDPs role?联合国联合国开发开发计划计划署的角色是什么？署的角色是什么？As the lead UN development agency,UNDP is uniquely placed to help implement the Goals

7、through our work and support to governments to integrate the SDGs into their national development plans and policies.作为联合国牵头的发展机构，联合国开发计划署扮演着独特的角色：通过我们的工作和对政府的支持，将可持续发展目标纳入其国家发展计划和政策中，以此来帮助实现这些目标。17 GOALS 1717个目标个目标 What is sustainable development 什么是可持续发展什么是可持续发展 Development that meets the needs of

8、 the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“在不损害在不损害后代后代人人满足其自身满足其自身需要的能力需要的能力的的前提下，满足前提下，满足当代人的需要当代人的需要的发展。的发展。”Paris Agreement and Climate Change 巴黎协定和气候变化巴黎协定和气候变化Paris Agreement 巴黎协定巴黎协定 CENTRAL AIM:核心目标：核心目标：To strengthen the global response to t

9、he threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.Paris Agreement 巴黎协定巴黎协定 加强对气候变化威胁的全球应对，将全球气温升幅限制在比工业化前水平高2以内，并寻求将气温升幅进一步

10、限制在1.5以内的措施。Paris Agreement 巴黎协定巴黎协定 Structure结构结构 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 联合国气候变化框架公约联合国气候变化框架公约 Top-down自上而下 185 countries(without US)185个缔约方（不包括美国）Legal force 法律效力 Bottom-up自下而上 185 UNFCCC members ratified(US withdrawn)185个联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方已批准（美国退出）voluntary and nationa

11、lly determined targets 自愿的、分国家确定的目标 Common but Differentiated“共同但有区别的”UNFCCC 联合国气候变化框架公约联合国气候变化框架公约 Kyoto Protocol(2005)京都议定书京都议定书(2005)2005)Paris Agreement(2016)巴黎协定巴黎协定(2016)Paris Agreement 巴黎协定巴黎协定 Essential elements 基本要素基本要素 appropriate financial flows 适当的资金流动 a new technology framework 一个新的技术框架

12、 an enhanced capacity building framework 一个已加强的能力建设框架 Nationally determined contributions(NDC)国家自主国家自主贡献贡献 The Paris Agreement requests each country to outline and communicate their post-2020 climate actions 巴黎协定要求每个国家概述并通报其2020年后的气候行动 China中国中国:Source:https:/climateactiontracker.org/Paris Agreement

13、 巴黎协定巴黎协定 Nationally determined contributions overview 国家自主贡献国家自主贡献的的概况概况 Source:https:/climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/严重不足严重不足 高度不足高度不足 不足不足 与与22相匹配相匹配 与巴黎协定与巴黎协定1.51.5相匹配相匹配 模范模范 Paris Agreement Effects of Climate Change 气候变化的影响气候变化的影响 Flooding of coastal and low-lying areas.沿海和低洼地区发生洪涝

14、Sea levels rise.海平面上升 Habitats damaged and destroyed.栖息地遭到破坏甚至毁灭 Homes,schools and crops damaged and destroyed.家庭、学校和农作物遭到破坏甚至毁灭 Children arent able to go to school.儿童无法上学 People have Children miss out on an education.儿童错过受教育的机会 Increased risk of extreme weather events.极端天气事件的风险增加 CLIMATE CHANGE气候变化

15、气候变化 Increases in air and sea temperatures.气温和海洋温度上升 Unpredictable rainfall.不可预测的降雨 Farmers arent able to grow crops to sell or feed their families.农民无法种植农作物来出售或养家糊口 nowhere to live.人们无家可归 People go hungry.人们会挨饿 People cant afford to buy food.人们买不起食物 Food prices go up.粮食价格上涨 巴黎协定 Sendai Framework of

16、 Disaster Risk Reduction 仙台减灾框架仙台减灾框架 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction仙台减灾框架仙台减灾框架 2015-2030 Adopted at the Third UN World Conference in Sendai,Japan,on March 18,2015 于2015年3月18日在仙台举行的第三次联合国世界会议上通过 Supported by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR)at the request o

17、f the UN General Assembly 应联合国大会请求，由联合国减灾署(UNISDR)提供支持 Successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action(HFA)2005-2015 前身是2005-2015年的兵库行动框架（HFA)Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction仙台减灾框架仙台减灾框架 2015-2030 Expected outcome 预期成果预期成果 The substantial reduction of disaster risk and loses in li

18、ves,livelihoods and health and in the economic,physical,social,cultural and environmental assets of persons,businesses,communities and countries 大幅减少在生命、生计和卫生方面以及在人员、企业、社区和国家的经济、实物、社会、文化和环境资产等各方面的灾害风险和损失 Goal 目标目标 Prevent new risks and reduce existing disaster risks through the implementation of int

19、egrated and inclusive measures 预防产生新的灾害风险和减少现有的灾害风险，为此要采取综合和包容的措施 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction仙台减灾框架仙台减灾框架 7 global targets to achieve by 2030 20302030年之前要实现的年之前要实现的7 7个全球目标个全球目标 Substantially reduce大幅大幅降低降低/减少减少:1.Disaster mortality 灾害死亡率 2.The number of affected people 受灾人数 3.Direc

20、t disaster economic loss灾害直接经济损失 4.Disaster damage to critical infrastructure 灾害对重要基础设施的损害 Substantially increase 大幅增加大幅增加/提高提高：5.Number of countries with disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020 到2020年已制定减少灾害风险战略的国家数目 6.International cooperation to developing countries 发展中国家的国际合作水平 7.Availability

21、 of and access to early warning systems and disaster risk information 获得和利用预警系统和灾害风险信息的几率 http:/ Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction仙台减灾框架仙台减灾框架 Main Features of Sendai Framework仙台减灾框架的主要仙台减灾框架的主要特点特点 The Framework calls for countries to 该框架该框架呼吁呼吁各国：各国：Shift their focus from managing disasters to

22、 managing risks,which requires a better understanding of risk in all its dimensions of vulnerability,exposure and hazards 将他们关注的重点从灾害管理转到风险管理风险管理，这需要更好地了解脆弱性、暴露情况和致灾因子的所有方面的风险 Focus on people-centered,all-hazards,and multisectoral based approach to disaster risk reduction 专注于基于以人为中心以人为中心、全全灾种灾种和多部门多

23、部门的减少灾害风险的方法 It aims to guide multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors with engagement from all of society 其目的目的是在社会各界的参与社会各界的参与下，指导各级各部门内部和彼此之间在发展中管理多管理多灾种灾种的灾害风险。World Humanitarian Summit 世界人道主义峰会世界人道主义峰会 World Humanitarian Summ

24、it世界人道主义峰会世界人道主义峰会 Why:Changing Humanitarian Landscape 为什么：为什么：改变人道主义格局 More severe and frequent crises 更严重、更频繁的危机 Limited resources有限的资源 New actors and model of assistance 新的援助行为体和模式World Humanitarian Summit世界人道主义峰会世界人道主义峰会 Objectives:目标：目标：Set a forward-looking humanitarian agenda,to ensure the hu

25、manitarian system is fit to respond to future challenges.制定有前瞻性的人道主义议程，以确保人道主义系统适合应对未来的挑战。The summit was an opportunity to take stock of achievements,share lessons and good practices 世界人道主义峰会是一个总结成就、分享经验教训和优秀实践的机会 First ever World Humanitarian Summit in May 2016 in Istanbul Turkey 第一届世界人道主义峰会于2016年5

26、月在土耳其的伊斯坦布尔举行 World Humanitarian Summit世界人道主义峰会世界人道主义峰会 What:Four themes 是什么：是什么：四个主题 Humanitarian effectiveness 人道主义的有效性 Reducing vulnerability and managing risk 减少脆弱性和风险管理 Transformation through innovation 通过创新进行转型 Serving the needs of people in conflict 为受冲突影响的人们提供所需要的服务 Financing for Development

27、 Framework 发展融资框架发展融资框架 Financing for Development Framework发展融资框架发展融资框架 Objectives:目标：目标：Supporting the follow-up to the agreements and commitments reached during the three major international conferences on Financing for Development-支持三个主要的国际发展融资会议期间达成的有关协定和承诺的后续行动 Monterrey,Mexico in 2002 2002年，墨西

28、哥蒙特雷 Doha,Qatar in 2008 2018年，卡塔尔多哈 Addis Ababa,Ethiopia in 2015 20152015年，埃塞俄比亚年，埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴亚的斯亚贝巴 Financing for Development Office(FfDO)发展融资办公室 Domestic public resources国内公共资源 Domestic and international private business and finance 国内和国际私营商业和金融 International development cooperation国际发展合作 Internati

29、onal trade as an engine for development以国际贸易作为发展的引擎 Debt and debt sustainability债务和债务可持续性 Addressing systemic issues解决系统性问题 Science,technology,innovation and capacity building 科学、科技、创新和能力建设 Financing for Development Framework发展融资框架发展融资框架 Source:https:/www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hi

30、ghlights_2019FSDR.pdf 2019 FINANCING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 20192019年可持续发展年可持续发展融资报告融资报告“despite signs of progress,investments that are critical to achieving the SDGs remain underfunded,calling for urgent global and national action”“尽管有取得进展的迹象，但是对实现可持续发展目标至关重要的投资仍然不足，迫切需要全球和各国采取行动”Global risks are rising 全球风险在上升 collective action of international community 国际社会的集体行动 multilateral system 多边体系 national actions 国家行动 long-term perspective 长期视角 potential of innovation 创新的潜力