(6.4)--辩论-非视频2-U6-４-AmericanHR-2.pdf

《(6.4)--辩论-非视频2-U6-４-AmericanHR-2.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(6.4)--辩论-非视频2-U6-４-AmericanHR-2.pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1 驳论 美国人权真相起底 2 CGTN 美国长期以来一直标榜自己对人权的承诺，并常常“及时”指出世界上其他地方那些“看似”侵犯人权的行为。但事实上美国真如它所标榜的那样吗？它的人民又是否真的享有他们应许的所有权利和自由呢？公共卫生危机。药物过量被称为美国历史上最严重的成瘾流行病。美国疾病预防控制中心说，每年有超过 70,000 的美国人死于药物过量，这使其成为该国主要的死亡原因。而大多数此类情况涉及处方鸦片类药物，死亡人数达到了日均 130 例。官方数据显示，2018 年有 1030 万美国人滥用处方鸦片类药物，包括808,000 名使用海洛因的人。美国疾病预防控制中心表示，从 1999 年

2、到2017 年，有 702,000 多人死于药物过量。自 2014 年以来，这一数字急剧上升，与鸦片类药物有关的死亡案例更是以更快的速度增长。And then there are the public health crises.Drug overdose has been called the worst addiction epidemic in American history.2 The U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says more than 70,000 Americans die from drug overdos

3、e each year,making it a leading cause of death in the country.And a majority of those cases involve a prescription opioid.On average,130 die from opioid overdose every day.Official figures show that in 2018,10.3 million Americans misused prescription opioids,including 808,000 who used heroin.The U.S

4、.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says,from 1999 to 2017,more than 702,000 people died from a drug overdose.And theres been a sharp increase since 2014.And deaths involving opioids grew at an even faster rate.Low-income groups,especially blue-collar whites,had been disproportionately impac

5、ted.The Journal of the American Medical Association published a research in 2019,which showed pre-mature deaths increased in 48 out of 50 U.S.states between 2010 and 2017;the Midwest and the South were the worst hit areas.And opioid overdose was a key contributor.3 Meanwhile,life expectancy in the U

6、.S.had been dropping in recent years.The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development says that in 2017,the average life expectancy in America was 78.6,the lowest among comparable developed countries.2017 年 1 月，特朗普政府发布了一项行政命令，禁止所有穆斯林占多数的国家的伊朗，伊拉克，利比亚，索马里，苏丹，叙利亚和也门的难民和移民入境。反对者称其为“穆斯林禁令”。2020

7、 年 1 月，国家名单扩大到厄立特里亚，吉尔吉斯斯坦，缅甸，尼日利亚，苏丹和坦桑尼亚。最重要的是，还有制度化种族主义的证据。根据 2019年的一项研究，在美国，每 1000 名黑人中就有大约 1 人有可能被警察杀害。美国黑人死于警察暴力的可能性是白人美国人的 2.5 倍。黑人和西班牙裔占美国人口的 28，但占该国监狱人口的 56。非裔美国人被监禁的可能性是白人的 5.9 倍。To say Americas cross-racial relations are not getting better is perhaps an understatement.In January 2017,an e

8、xecutive order was issued by the Trump administration,banning entry of refugees and immigrants from Iran,Iraq,Libya,Somalia,Sudan,Syria and Yemen-all Muslim-majority countries.Opponents called it the Muslim ban.4 In January 2020,the list of countries was expanded to include Eritrea,Kyrgyzstan,Myanma

9、r,Nigeria,Sudan and Tanzania.On top of that,theres also evidence of institutionalized racism.According to a 2019 study,in the US,about one in every 1,000 black men can expect to be killed by the police.Black Americans are 2.5 times more likely to die from police violence than their white counterpart

10、s.Blacks and Hispanics accounted for 28 percent of the U.S.population but made up 56 percent of the countrys prison population.African-American adults are 5.9 times as likely to be incarcerated than whites.And it doesnt stop there.Fast forward to the early months of 2020,reports of racism emerged ag

11、ain,and this time,against the Chinese and other Asians in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak.In New York City,a man assaulted an Asian woman wearing a face mask,both physically and verbally,calling her diseased.On a Los Angeles subway,a man claimed that Chinese people were filthy and said every di

12、sease has ever come from China.In some 5 cities,misinformation about the coronavirus led to increasing xenophobia against those of East Asian heritage.Even mainstream media took part in the trend,with the Wall Street Journal publishing an opinion piece that called China the real sick man of Asia.华盛顿

13、最近的移民政策也遭到了严厉批评。2018 年 4 月，白宫宣布了一项针对非法移民的零容忍政策，尽管媒体报道显示一些合法的寻求庇护者也成为目标。从墨西哥非法越境的成年人被关押在联邦监狱中，而儿童则在避难所中与父母失散。2019 年的前五个月里，至少有 3 名儿童在美国联邦拘留中死亡，这凸显了前往美国的危险旅程以及收容所内的情况。Washingtons recent immigrant policies have also been heavily criticized.In April 2018,the White House announced a zero-tolerance policy

14、against illegal immigration,though media reports showed some legal asylum seekers were also targeted.Adults who crossed the border from Mexico illegally were held in federal jails,while children were separated from their parents in shelters.6 The New York Times reported chaotic and filthy conditions

15、 at some facilities,saying most of the young detainees had not been able to shower or wash their clothes since they arrived.and they had no access to toothbrushes,toothpaste or soap.At least three children died in U.S.federal custody in the first five months of 2019,highlighting both the treacherous

16、 journey to the U.S.and the conditions inside the shelters.The American Civil Liberties Union says around 5,500 migrant children were separated from their parents by the White House policy.Most of them were from Central America.且不论美国国内政策，在外交方面，美国一直标榜自己是全球自由的促进者。但近年来，美国的外交政策成绩如何呢？2020 年 1 月 3 日，美国在巴格

17、达国际机场附近发动无人机袭击，炸死了伊朗革命卫队“圣城军”总司令卡塞姆苏莱马尼。另有九人遇难，包括伊拉克“人民动员部队”副主席。暗杀事件在整个中东地区掀起巨大波澜。尽管白宫曾承诺减少美国的海外军事干预，但截至 2020 年初，美国仍在包括叙利亚、阿富汗、也门和伊拉克在内的许多国家保持军事存在。7 美国前总统吉米卡特在 2019 年 6 月发表讲话时指出，美国在 242 年的建国历史中仅有 16 年没有打仗，堪称“世界历史上最好战的国家”。Domestic policies aside,America has often billed itself as a promoter of freedo

18、m globally.But hows its foreign policy record in recent years?Although the White House promised to cut military intervention abroad,as of early 2020,the U.S.still maintained military presence in many countries,including Syria,Afghanistan,Yemen and Iraq.A Brown University study says fighting in four

19、countries,including Afghanistan,Iran and Syria,has cost American taxpayers 6.4 trillion U.S.dollars since 2001.That figure is two trillion U.S.dollars more than all federal spending in 2019.And more than 801,000 people have died as a direct result of armed conflicts.Coupled with these wars are Washi

20、ngtons economic sanctions.Critics say sanctions as economic warfare have caused destruction and suffering,in many cases leading to shortages of medicine and malnutrition.8 Official data show the U.S.has sanctions in place against more than 30 countries including Iran,Venezuela,Russia,Syria and the D

21、emocratic Peoples Republic of Korea.More than 7,000 companies,groups and individuals are also targeted.Some are reported to have led to deadly consequences.U.S.-based Human Rights Watch says the country has moved backwards in that area both at home and abroad.Its true that Americans still enjoy many freedoms.But as our stories show,America doesnt always practice what it preaches when it comes to freedom and equality.And if anyone in Washington thinks the countrys human rights standards should be indiscriminately promoted,they should perhaps think again.