备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题 13阅读理解：推理判断题.docx

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1、专题13阅读理解：推理判断题备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测-讲练命题解读推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件 发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。 每年每套题通常会有57题。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。题型分类1 .推断隐含意义2 .推断观点态度3 .推断写作目的4 .推断文章出处5 .推断下续内容孽斓推断言外之意或弦外之音(常含infer(推断),suggest, implyzL. 题干.常有can, could, probably, likely

2、等推断隐、含意义，人为|叫通常每篇文段都有i道题V ,依据文中信息，结合已有常识，进行符合情理、目莺的推断，切忌主观臆断，做到推断有理有据解题技巧:1 ：推断隐含意义：(infer/conclude/see/imply/suggest/indicate/know/learn.)1. Scanning,找到相关信息点2. Study reading,不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析3. 推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断2：推断观点态度：(attitude/fclt/thought/according to.)根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、

3、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的 弦外之音。3：推断写作目的：(purpose/ intend to/show/ to.)常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章.1 .找主旨2 .看文体一一根据文章结构和措辞3 .（2021年6月新高考I卷）Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （情感的）intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desir

4、able in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ lest, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and people skills. Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intellig

5、ence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential

6、 victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect

7、of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve p

8、eople adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new pers

9、pectives （视角）from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.2 . Why does the author mention doctor* and cheater in paragraph 2?A.To explain a rule.B.To clarify a concept.C.To present a fac

10、t.D.To make a prediction.3 .What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.4. （2021年6月全国甲卷）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face i

11、s almost the international symbol fbr genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In （he sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white

12、men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknow

13、ledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender （性别）are really, really smart.1 Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activit

14、ies said to be for children who are really, really smart. Can our planet afford （o have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres （he good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see f

15、lashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors （因素）like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, fiiture geniuses come from those with intelligence, creativity, perseverance （毅力）,and simple good fortun

16、e, who arc able to change the world.*I .What does the author think of victors standards fbr joining the genius club?A .They Ye unfair.B.They Ye conservative.C.Theyre objective. D.Theyre strict.2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.Thcy think themselves smart.B.They look up to g

17、reat thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They arc likely to be influenced by social beliefs.5. （2020年全国1卷）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed

18、 you both, and thus the relationship. But books don,t change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time

19、has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is

20、Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的 ）,an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble （随 笔）about everything and nothing.

21、 The third book is Julio Cortazar Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to （hem. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereadi

22、ng an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books arc the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.（ ）What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He teaches read

23、ing.B. Hes an editor.C. Hes very ambitious.D. He loves poetry.6. （2020全国卷I卷）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and fi

24、eld event at the Slimmer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact （接 触） with the ground at all times. Its this strange

25、form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving ata pace of si

26、x miles per hour would burn about 800 calories （ k路里）per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norb

27、erg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with ninning, such a

28、s ninners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the spoils strange fbnn does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a c

29、oach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.（ ）Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.7. （2020年全国HI卷）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billi

30、ons of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes （基因），（hey are finding examples of human evolution in just （he past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突

31、变）that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to （he ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known

32、, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts （支柱）in coastal waters. t4They are simply a stranger to the land,“ said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researc

33、her who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. 44We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders, Dr. Jubilado said. I could see

34、them actually walking under the sea.”In 2015, Melissa Ilardo. then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier fbr them. It seemed like

35、 the perfect chance fbr natural selection to act on a population, said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.（ ）What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. Recent findings

36、of human origin.C. New knowledge of human evolution.D. Significance of food selection.8. （2022年全国高考新高考II卷）As we age, even if were healthy, the heart just isnl as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who do

37、nt exercise, the changes can start even sooner.“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,“ says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. Thats what happens to the heart. Fortunately fb

38、r those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randoml

39、y divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic （无氟）exercise-balance training and weight trainingthree times a week. The second group did high-inlensily aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group

40、 saw remarkable improvements in heart health.“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts, says Levine. And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was （hat their hearts could now fill a lol better and pump （泵送）a lot more blood during exercise. M Bu

41、t the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didnt change, he says.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you havent already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,Levine says. Wc put healthy 70-ycar-olds through a yearlong exercise training program,

42、and nothing happened to them at all.”Dr. Nicca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levines findings arc a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the big

43、gest difference.12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?A. The right way of exercising.B. The causes of a heart attack.C. The difficulty of keeping fit.D. The aging process of the heart.13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?A. Diet p

44、lan.B. Professional background.C. Exercise type.D. Previous physical condition.14. What does Levines research find?A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young. C. Il is never too late for people to start taking exercise. D. The mo

45、re exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get. 15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?A. Making use of the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.C. Conducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。12 .【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的Think of a rubber b

46、and. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken, says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. Thats what h叩pens to the heart.（“想想橡皮筋。开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉 里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。户 可知，莱文想通过提到

47、橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。13 .【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的The first group participated in a program of nonaerobicexercise-balance training and weight trainingthree times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.（第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动平衡训练和重量训

48、练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。户可知，两组在研究 设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。14 .【答案】A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer fbr four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.（第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康 状况有了显著改善。）”和第四段的“Wc took these 50-ycar-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts；, says Levine.（莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。可知， 莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。15 .【答案】C解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated wi