大学英语四级写作技巧.doc

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1、1Writing Techniques in CET-4（2012. 2） 大学英语四级写作技巧大学英语四级写作技巧I.四级作文的评判标准和作文范例分析四级作文的评判标准和作文范例分析 A. 评判标准评判标准 主要看三个方面: _: 不跑题即可，注意：1.不要_；2.不要_。 _: 牢记_：先写_，再写_，最后写_。 _: 最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要_。 评分原则评分原则 是否切题，表达是否清楚，文字是否连贯，是否有语言错误。 作文题满分为 15 分。阅卷标准共分为五等: 漂漂亮亮 (14 分)， 清清爽爽（11 分） ，马马虎虎（8 分） ，糊 里糊涂（5 分） ， 一塌糊涂（2

2、 分） 。 B. 实例分析实例分析 Sample 1. Reading Selectively or Extensively? (1999 年年 6 月月) Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择 2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法 Score: 8 分分 Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people. Some people think that men should read

3、books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world. It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and

4、 watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading. 失分原因？失分原因？ Scor

5、e: 14 分分 How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view. （_） Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books

6、. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（_） But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds o

7、f knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（_） Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensi

8、vely first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（_） 好在哪里？好在哪里？ Score: 11 分分 When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better. Those people

9、, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad b

10、ooks. But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe th

11、at reading extensively is better. To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can 2increase the quality and quantity of reading. 如何改进？如何改进？II.历年四级作文真题回顾历年四级作文真题回顾 2001 年 1 月 How to Succeed in a Job Interview 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2001 年 6 月 A Lett

12、er to a Schoolmate 书信题书信题 2002 年 1 月 A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service 书信题书信题 2002 年 6 月 Student Use of Computers 图表题图表题 2003 年 1 月 It Pays to Be Honest 格言题格言题 2003 年 6 月 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident 描写叙述题描写叙述题 2003 年 9 月 The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or

13、 Got Injured) 描写叙述题描写叙述题 2004 年 1 月 A Letter in Reply to a Friend 书信题书信题 2004 年 6 月 A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction 其它其它 2005 年 1 月 A Campaign Speech 其它其它 2005 年 12 月 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 对比观点选择题对比观点选择题 2006 年 6 月 On Students Selecting Lecturers 社会热点话题社会热点话题

14、 2006 年 12 月 CCTV Spring Festival Gala 对比观点选择题对比观点选择题 2007 年 6 月 Welcome to Our Club 其它其它 2007 年 12 月 What Electives to Choose 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2008 年 6 月 Recreational Activities 对比观点选择题对比观点选择题 2008 年 12 月 Disposable Plastic Bags 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2009 年 6 月 Free Admission to Museums 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2009 年 12 月

15、 Create a Green Campus 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2010 年 6 月 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2010 年 12 月 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2011 年 6 月 Online Shopping 社会热点话题社会热点话题 2011 年 12 月 Nothing Succeeds without a Strong Will 格言题格言题 题型总结：题型总结：社会热点话题社会热点话题：

16、 9 对比观点选择题对比观点选择题： 3 格言题：格言题：2 书信题：书信题：3 图表题图表题：1 描写叙述题：描写叙述题：2 其它其它 ：3 III.内容内容 A. 万能理由（万能理由（Omnipotence）: 1. 方便：convenient/ convenience 2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency 3. 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift, waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish， time-consuming 4. 人的心理健康：

17、independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative 5. 人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic, physically and psychologically 6. 娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, relax, recreation, entertainment, tired, boring, lone

18、ly 7. 环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty, emit (散发出)，emission(n.) 8. 安全和危险：safe, danger, risk, security, take the risk of, 9. 经验：experience, social experience, enter the society, broaden ones horizon 10. 人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely3B. 万能解决之道万能解决之道: 1.培养意识/态度 heighte

19、n /raise _（公众意识） of the importance of， _（树立）a correct attitude towards 1. 普及知识，加强教育 _(普及)the knowledge of.; improve the _（教育水平） and _ （整体素质）of people; _(获取) knowledge of 3. 采用先进技术手段，进行改革、革新 to _ _ （采用最新） technique in the field of ; to accelerate _(改革与创新) in to bring about a rapid and significant cha

20、nge. 4. 控制和监督take_(综合措施) to control and monitor .through various channels, such as public opinions, _(政府监督), pricing and taxation adjustment，parents supervision, and _（自律） 5 加强交流和合作 promote _ (合作和交流) with to learn from them 6. 合理的使用 promote the _ (合理又经济的利用) use of , use sth. properly 7. 加强法制 strengt

21、hen _(法制); punish law violators/ criminals _ (严厉地) 8.加速基础设施的建设，和公益服务和社会福利体系的发展 accelerate _ (基础设施 的建设)such as roads, water supply _(设施)，electric network and communications; improving the _（生活水平）; accelerate the development of public services and _ (福利体系)C. 基本表达基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)

22、： 越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 接触社会：contact with the world/society 学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill 开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) ones horizon 许多问题：a host of/a

23、 number of problems 引起人们注意：call/attract general/public/world attention to sth. 意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 获得成功：achieve/

24、accomplish success 提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions 作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study) 影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work 产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dr

25、amatic/undesirable effect on 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life 剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 取代旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way 采取措施：take effective steps/measures to 控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment 躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away fro

26、m the dangers/challenge 满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon 对很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on, provide/gain an insight into 把某因素考虑进去：take sth. into account(con

27、sideration), give much thought to 品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth 培养对的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in 经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience 表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image 生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice 追求学习/职业：pur

28、sue ones academic interest/professional career 被看作学习的榜样：be held up as a good example 交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge 发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part 逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture4知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience 确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/hig

29、her standard 到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective 克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty 面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty 阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of 持传统的看法：hold

30、conventional wisdom 发表看法：voice/express ones opinion 持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view 揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of 求得帮助：enlist ones support/help 缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country) 把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/owe the success/failure to 对重要：be indispensable/important/vital t

31、o 施加压力：put/exert an academic pressure on 重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to 强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on 把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon 提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. 抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到

32、机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information 有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 开展运动：conduct(carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/adve

33、rtising) campaign (for/against) 对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me 带来无穷的幸福/满足/抱怨：be a source of happiness/satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint 献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career 大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference 真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is 改变生活旅程：change

34、/alter the course of life 建立在大量的学习/实践上：build on tremendous amount of study/practice 进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out a(n) study/task/experiment 辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/school 参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race 参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussi

35、on 影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude 进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hopes/wish/desire) 减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension 提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/posi

36、tion 提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability 加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of 随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of the popula

37、rity of/the growth of/the solution of 有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem 迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune 把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth. 利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technol

38、ogy potential/skills/talent 把知识/经验运用到：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use 取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in 充分发挥潜力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability 充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion forD. 写完之后修改注意：写

39、完之后修改注意：（内容方面尽量不要修改）51、字母大小写 2、单词拼写 3、主谓一致 4、动词时态 5、名词单复数 6、怪符号IV.结构结构 A. The Structure of an Essay para1 2-4 句话 Introducing Paragraph 1) General Statement 2) Thesis Statement para2 4-6 句话 Body Paragraph(s) para3 2-4 句话 Concluding Paragraph 1) Concluding Sentence(S) 2) Final Thought(s)B. 写作要领（如何开头、扩

40、展、结尾）写作要领（如何开头、扩展、结尾） A) How to begin 1) _ 2) _ 3) _ 4） 以谚语或引言开头As the proverb goes, _. Thats to say, _. ( In other words, _) e.g. 一篇题为Honesty的作文， 以上述四种方式开头如下： 1）Honesty is one of the most valuable characters of human beings. 2) What is honesty? Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and up

41、right in act. 3) Honesty plays an important role in society. 4) As the proverb goes, “ Honesty is the best policy.“ 对作文题目的处理：_ E.g. Some people prefer eating at food stands or restaurants while other people prefer preparing and eating food at home. Whats your opinion? Use specific reasons and exampl

42、es to support your preference. 错误的落笔方法(a) I prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants because eating should be more than just satisfying our stomach.(b) I prefer to prepare and eat food at home because eating at home is healthier and more economical. 正确的落笔方法 _. B) How to develop ： 1. 列举法列举法 ( List

43、ing) Pattern: Topic sentence. There are _ kinds of _. First, _. Second,_. Third, _. In short, _.e.g. The Mobile PhoneThe Mobile Phone is one of the most welcome and popular communication devices ever invented. This device is useful in many ways Similar expressions: 表类别：_ 表顺序：(1)_(2)_(3)_ 表递进或承接：_ _

44、表总结：in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, in general, to sum up 两点法两点法: 用于较短的段落，只陈述两点。常用的关联词语有:(1) For one thing, _(2) On one hand, _(3) In the first place, _ 2. 举例法举例法( illustration) E.g. Practice Makes Perfect 三段6Outline : 1) 怎样理解“熟能生巧”？ 2）例如： 在英语学习中 3） 又如 常见词语包括：(1) For example, (2) For i

45、nstance, (3)Take for example ( for instance ), (4) is just a case in point. (5) can serve as an example. (6) such as, like E.g. A. Jefferson was a good and tireless writer. For example/instance, his complete works were made up of fifty volumes. B. Jefferson was a good and tireless writer. Take his c

46、omplete works for example, they were made up of fifty volumes. C. Jefferson was a good and tireless writer. A case in point is that his complete works were made up of fifty volumes. D. Jefferson was a good and tireless writer. During his life time, he wrote a lot, such as/ like the Declaration of Independence. 3. 因果论证法因果论证法 (cause and effect) Pattern: Topic