2021四川考研英语二真题【含答案】.docx

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1、2021四川考研英语二真题试卷Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It，s not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder, 1 , to understand their negativeconsequences. Most work-re

2、lated behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the othersbecome distorted. Travel on a London bus and you，11 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course ! Are there inspectors to 4

3、 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increa

4、sed, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traff

5、ic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is mean

6、t to take. A one-hour fight is now ballad as a two-hour flight. The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does hav

7、e unforeseen negativeconsequences. This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or ev

8、en two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.1. A thereforeB howeverC again D moreover 2 . A Emphasizes B Identify C Asses D Explain31. A Their engineers were retained.32. B eliminate their potential competitors33. C harm the national economy3

9、4. C examine small acquisitions35. Abrought little financial pressure Text 4Were fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study

10、 of the ability she called “thin slicing. the late psychologistNalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to ratethe instructor，s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly, with students，end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants

11、 had to count backward from 1, 000 by nines asthey watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing .Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgm

12、ent, before giving the rating. Accuracy, dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference

13、when participants watched 15- second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we re better at detecting deception from thin slices when we rely onintuition instead of reflection. Its as if you，re driving a stick shit, says Judi

14、th Hall, apsychologist at Northeastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you cantremember what you re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you re fine. Much of our social life is like that. Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. College students，

15、 ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts opinions when the studentsweren，t asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather thanon de

16、tails, but only if the decision was complexwhen they had a lot of information to process.Intuitions special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped relctive thinking(discerning nules, comprehending

17、vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity(generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had usedintuition ( gut feelings. /z hunches,“ my heart) Use of their gut hurt their performance on thefirst four tasks, as expected, and helped them on t

18、he rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambady* s study deals withA the power of people S memoryB the reliability of first impressionsC instructor- student interactionD people， s ability to influence others37. In Ambady，s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants.A fo

19、cused on specific detailsB gave the rating in limited timeC watched shorter video clipsD discussed with one another38. Judith Hall mentions driving to show thatA reflection can be distractingB memory may be selectiveC social skills must be cultivatedD deception is difficult to detect39. When you are

20、 making complex decisions, it is advisable toA collect enough dataB list your preferencesC seek expert adviceD follow your feelings40. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A Generating new products takes timeB Intuition may affect reflective tasksC Vocabulary comprehension needs creativityDjObj

21、ective thinking may boost intuitiveness.答案36. B the reliability of first impression37. A focused on specific details38. A reflection cam be distracting39. D follow your feelings40. B intuition may affect reflective tasksPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questi

22、ons 41-45, you are requiredto reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G andfilling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Stay calm.B. Stay humble.C. Decide whether to wait.D

23、. Be realistic about the risks.E. Don，t make judgements.F. Identify a shared goal.G. Ask permission to disagreeHow to disagree with someone more powerful than youYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won，t work. Your senior colleague outlines aproject timeline you believe is unrealistic. Wha

24、t do you see when you disagree with someone whohas more power than you do? How do you decide whether it，s worth speaking up? And if you do,what exactly should you say? Here，s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.41. You may decide its best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe yo

25、u haven，t finishedthinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If youthink other people are going to disagree, too, you might want to gather your army first. People cancontribute experience or information to your thinking -t all the things that would mak

26、e thedisagreement stronger or more valid. Its also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in ameeting or other public ce. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feelless threatened.42. Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about 一

27、 it maybe the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. You re more likely to be heard ifyou can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing yourstatements so that you re seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague whos trying toa

28、dvance a common objective. The discussion wi 11 then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.43. This step may sound overly deferential, but its a smart way to give the powerful personpsychological safety and control. You can see something like, “I know we seem to be movingtoward a first q

29、uarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won，t work, r d like to layoutmy reasoning- Would that be 0K? This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally optin. And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.44. You might feel your h

30、eart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remainnatural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance oranxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gels to choosewhat signals to read. Deep breaths can help

31、, a can speaking more slowly and deliberately. Whenwe feel panicky, we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an eventone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes you seemconfident, even if you arent.45. Emphasize that youre only offer

32、ing your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed,well-researched opinion, but its still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate yourconfidence. Instead of saying, “If we set an end of quarter deadline, we will never make it say,“This is just my opinion, but I dont see ho

33、w we will make that deadline. z，Having asserted youropinion (as a position, not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind theperson that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.答案：41. CDecide whether to wait42. F Identify a shar

34、ed goal43. GAsk permission to disagree44. A Stay calm45. B Stay humblePart C46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSIWERSHIEEL (15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter, and

35、warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn，t expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago -area commuters using public transportation to strike up

36、a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is oftendue to a misplaced anxiety that the

37、y might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, thisbelief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk and may even be flattered to receive your attention.参考译文：我们倾向于认为朋友和家人是我们关系、欢乐和温暖的最大来源。尽管这一说法很大程 度上是对的，但是研究者们最近也发现，与陌生人交流实际上也会带来我们意料之外的情绪 高涨和归属感。在一系列的研究中

38、，研究者们通知芝加哥地区乘用公共交通的通勤者开始一段和周围人 的交流。一般来讲，得到通知的参加者们比要求安静站着或坐着的人们感觉更好。同时，研 究者们也认为我们羞于和陌生人随意交流时，经常是因为一种错位的恐慌，即他们可能并不 像和我们聊天。但是，很多时候，这种观念是错误的。正如结果证实，很多人实际上非常愿 意去开始一段谈话，甚至可能很开心得到你的注意。Section III Writing Part A 47. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the

39、 graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points) Suppose you are organizing an online m

40、eeting, write an email to Jack, an international student to 1. invite him to participate 2. Tell him about the details 解析：.英语二小作文考查的是电子邮件，属于书信类型，要求考生写一封邀请信。对于邀请信， 考生应该在审题的时候弄清楚写信对象是机构还是个人，很明显要求给杰克写信，因此称 呼上就可以直接写Dear Jack。邀请书信的第一段可以写两句话：第一句写出即将召开一次 会议这个背景即可；第二句要求写出写信目的，写信目的是第一段最重要的。第二段大概写4句话：第一句写个主题句

41、。第二句至第四句写关于这次会议的具体内容， 这部分具体内容没有硬性要求，可以自己编写，比如会议的主题、会议的议程和会议的参加 ，一 JLUL A-A-第三段大概写三句：第一句是再次表明写信目的，即希望对方能出席会议，第二句表 示感谢，第三句写期待回复。正文最后写结束语和签名，切记不能写自己的名字，用李明 来落款。日期可以写也可以不写，建议大家不写日期，如果写日期的话要写在正文的右上 角。参考范文：Dear Jack,On behalf of the council of the meeting, I am honorable to inform you there is going to an

42、 online meeting next week. I am writing to ask if you are available to participate in this meeting at 10:00 a. m. on next Sunday.Some detailed information concerning this meeting can be listed as below. The subject of the meeting, initially, is regarding how to improve students? study efficiency. To

43、 continue, the meeting will last approximately 2 hours, including participants, speeches, discussion and ourpresident, s summary. More importantly, the meeting will be held via the Internet, so it isP. C.ssary for all the participants to prepare for a P. C. or a mobile phone.I sincerely hope that yo

44、u could give me honor to attend this meeting. Your prompt attention to my email would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to your response.Yours truly,Li MingPart B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comme

45、nts.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某市居民锻炼方式调查60.0%50.0#40.0%30.0%20.0%10.0%0.0%参考范文：As is apparently reflected in the column above, we are informed a survey in terms of variousapproaches in which residents take sports exercise in a certain city. To be more specific,

46、 thosetaking exercise by themselves or with friends take a lion, s share, accounting for over 90%. Bycontrast, those who choose to be engaged in physical sports with family members or participate ingroup activities occupy a minor proportion, making up 23. 9% and 13. 8% respectively. It is not a diff

47、icult job to find out the reasons behind this phenomenon. There is no denyingthat, to begin with, along with a growing amount of pressure, people increasingly recognize thesignificance of sports, as a result of which, it is no surprise to see a sports wave in our society.Simultaneously, it is the di

48、fferentiation of individuals that gives rise to various preferences andinclination towards sports approaches, to the extent that someone would like to take physicalexercise alone, others are willing to do sports with friends or family.Based on what has been analyzed above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that taking physical exercise will undoubtedly be good for people s health no matter whom you do it with together. As a