2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高三（上）期中英语试卷（附答案详解）.docx

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1、2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高三（上）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）ANias family moved often, finding shelter in rooms with relatives.Tensions rose with every move and shouting matches were constant.When everything came to a boil, Nia found it best to keep silent.She became more and more withdrawn as she got older,

2、losing confidence in herself and her voice.When she was a young adult, Nia had developed a fear of speaking.So when a friend told her about YouthCarefs Tile Project, she was terrified.But Nia wanted to take steps to find a job and support herself.She finally took a deep breath and decided to give it

3、 a shot.Nia signed up for a ceramic （陶瓷）class.The passion she gained for learning a new craft was clear-but when it came to group activities in the classroom, Nia struggled.She told staff that she didnft like being around people she didnt know.So when the class was given the opportunity to sell thei

4、r artwork at a local fair, Nia hesitated.With the support from YouthCare Career Coordinator, Kate, she cautiously agreed. When the big day came, shoppers poured into the fair, approaching Nia with questions about the program and art pieces for sale.Each time, Nia turned to Kate to whisper the answer

5、s in her ear, and Kate repeated the answers out loud.At one point during the fair, she was left alone for a moment.When a customer came up to ask a question, Nia answered with hesitation.Soon after, another visitor came.When Kate returned to her side, Nia fought backher fears and answered their ques

6、tions on her own.Nias confidence grew with every interaction.By the end of the day, she was beaming. nI was so impressed by Nia.She really loved explaining to customers how to fire ceramic, nsaid Kate.The artwork she sold was the biggest sale of the day!”That day at the fair was life-changing for Ni

7、a.She discovered that she truly enjoyed talking to others-especially about art! With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.1. What made Nia finally decide to try the Project? A. Her family atmosphere.B. Her friend

8、s persuasion.C. Her desire to find a job.D. Her passion for ceramics.2. The fair is life-changing for Nia because she.such as nutrient soil and gardening tools (5) (rise) three times since last April.Out of all the people (buy) farming tools and seeds, most were born after 1995.CHow people think abo

9、ut their competence (7) (influence) how they learn and grow.People with a fixed mindset believe that their talents and qualities are pre-determined and unchanging.Therefore, they easily adopt limiting beliefs about (8) they can and cannot do.This fixed mindset can lead people to avoid challenges, to

10、 feel threatened by others* success, and to turn a deaf ear (9) there is an ethical misbehavior.On the contrary, people driven by growth mindset are more convinced that their (10) (capable) can be developed, thus more motivated to take on challenges and respond well to criticism.(1)(2)(3)(4) 五、阅读表达(

11、本大题共1小题，共12.0分)30. Nobody likes to feel anxious. Anxiety is among the most common and criticized of human emotions.Studies show that over 100 million people in the U.S.will suffer from an anxiety disorder in their lifetime.Rates, especially among the young, have been rising for the past decade.lt se

12、ems, then, that our efforts to contain anxiety arent working.As a clinical psychologist and neuroscience researcher, I believe that we mental health professionals have made a terrible mistake.Feeling anxious isnt the problem.The problem is that we dont understand how to respond constructively to anx

13、iety.Thats why its increasingly hard to know how to feel good.This nbadn feeling isnt a failure of mental health.Its a triumph of human evolution： the ability to think about the uncertain future and prepare for it.The unpleasant emotion, for example, fear, signals that you may be in danger-from a pr

14、edator, bully or speeding car-and readies your body and mind to fight or take flight.Anxiety, by contrast, has nothing to do with present threats.Instead, it turns you into a mental time traveler, drawing your attention to what lies ahead.Will you succeed or fail in that interview for a job you desp

15、erately want? Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action.Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.Research has also shown something that many scientists d

16、idnt expect： higher levels of dopamine (多 巴胺) when we*re anxious.We have long known that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable and also in anticipation of rewards.The fact that anxiety also boosts dopamine levels points to its role in making positive possibilities into reality.Many of us

17、feel overwhelmed by lasting anxiety and dont see any benefit from it.We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it.But treating anxiety like a disease prevents us from distinguishing between ordinary anxiety and anxiety disorders.We need to develop a new mindset about this mi

18、sunderstood emotion.Anxiety cant do its job unless it makes us uncomfortable, forcing us to sit up and pay attention.We dont need to like anxiety-just to use it in the right way.(1) Why is it increasingly hard for us to know how to feel good? (2) How does anxiety help one in a job interview? (3) Ple

19、ase decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious.(4) How do you cope with anxiety positively in your daily life? ( In about 40 words) 六

20、、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共20.0分)31.假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。近期你班计划开展“信息安全教育的主题班会， 请你给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.班会目的及活动安排；2 .请他参加 并在会后发表感想。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词语：information securityDear Jim,Yours,Li Hua(1)答案和解析13.【答案】C、D、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段 When she was a young adult, Nia had developed a fear of speaking.S

21、o when a friend told her about YouthCare!s Tile Project, she was terrified.But Nia wanted to take steps to find a job and support herself.（当妮娅年轻的时候，她开始害怕说话。所以当一个朋友 告诉她YouthCare的瓷砖项目时，她吓坏了。但妮娅想找份工作养活自己。）可知让尼娅最终决 定尝试这个项目的是她想找一份工作。故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据最后一段That day at the fair was life-changing for Nia.She di

22、scovered that she truly enjoyed talking to others-esp ecially about art!With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.（那天在集市上，尼娅的生活发生了变化。她发现 自己真的很喜欢和别人交谈，尤其是关于艺术的！在员工的持续支持下，Nia建立了沟通技巧和 信心，顺利完成了瓷砖项目。）可知展会改变了尼娅的生活，因为她通

23、过互动获得信心。故选D。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段That day at the fair was life-changing for Nia.She discovered that she truly enjoyed talking to others-esp ecially about art! With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.（那天在集市上，尼娅的生活发生了变

24、化。她发现 自己真的很喜欢和别人交谈，尤其是关于艺术的！在员工的持续支持下，Nia建立了沟通技巧和 信心，顺利完成了瓷砖项目。）可知关于Nia我们能知道她成功地完成了项目。故选C。本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了尼娅原来很害羞，后来通过一个项目和别人交流获得了信心，最 终完成了项目。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。47.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据 NYT 部分 For

25、 those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what youre looking for by selecting categories like dairy-free, low-carb, high fiber and more.（对于那些有特定饮食偏好的人，你可以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水化合物、 高纤维等类别轻松找到你想要的食物。）NYT最有可能吸引素食者。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据Rouxbe部分Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school

26、among industry professionals,Rouxbe offers a wide array of individual lessons, plus their professional certificate programs. （Rouxbe 被公认为行业专业人士中领先的在线烹饪学校,提供广泛的个人课程以及专业证书课程。）Rouxbe 受到行业专业人士的高度评价。故选C。（3）推理判断题。根据每一部分的 Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course （Kitchn 烹饪学校 提供一个在线课程）；Udemy offers a v

27、ariety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country （Udemy 拥有超过 183000门在线课程）；Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals （Rouxbe 被公认 为行业专业人士中领先的在线烹饪学校）；NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of instructional cooking

28、videos online for all skill levels. （NYT以其美食板块而闻名，并为所有技能水平提供大量在线烹饪教学视频）可 知这四所学校的共同点是他们提供在线课程。故选A。（4）目的意图题。阅读全文以及根据第一段It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions.Now compile ou r informative lists below.（我们的使命是帮助忙碌但有疑惑的家庭厨师做出最佳购买决定。现在汇 编我们下面的信息列表。）可知本文主要列举了几

29、个在线的厨师课程，所以目的是促进家庭烹饪 技能。故选B。本文主要列举了几个在线的厨师课程，目的是促进家庭烹饪技能。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。810.【答案】A、A、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Exploration has great value.lt inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a b

30、etter future.（探险有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大 我们的知识，给我们对美好未来的希望。）可知第3段中”谚语中的青蛙”的例子被用来说明探索 的重要性。故选A。（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation.（人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数 情况下，这种动力会刺激创新。）可知人类克服挑战的愿望导致了创新。故选A。（

31、3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Captain James T.Kirk began each episode of the original Star Trek television series by saying, Space, the final frontier. nNot necessarily.We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find.（詹姆斯T柯克船长在星际迷航 电视连续剧每一集的开头都说：

32、”太空，最后的边疆。”不一定。就在地球上，我们还有很多东西 要去发现，我们急切地等待着来自我们发现的最新世界的惊喜。）可知我们会从探索地球中收获 很多。因此D.Exploring the earth can still be fruitful.（探索地球仍然会有收获）符合题意。故选D。 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了探险有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们对美 好未来的希望。一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物

33、、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。二、看题干，带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系， 研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理，不能就事

34、论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因 果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。1114,【答案】B、D、C、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中 If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liqu

35、id to trap it.Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty： upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.（如果只 昆 虫咬穿了一些Bursera植物的叶子，就会喷出一种粘性的、有臭味的液体来困住它。土狼烟草植物 甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饥饿毛虫的气味，它们就会产生挥发物，吸引捕食者杀死害虫）可推知， 作者认同香味是植物保护自己的工具。故选B。（2）词句猜测题。根据划线

36、词后文 to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon （为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护肉桂的巨鹰的 传说，可见有些香料非常珍贵，让商人通过传说来吓跑竞争对手。）故划线词意思是“宝贵的工 A.Developed发展的；B.Rewarded有回报的；C.Mixed混合的；D.Valued宝贵的。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段 What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be i

37、n using their scents for reproduction.White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths.They produce a dilute nectar （稀释的花蜜）that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom-all the better to increase pollination.Other flowers chang

38、e their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.（真正令人惊奇的是植物在利用 它们的气味进行繁殖时是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜间散发气味，以吸引夜间传粉者，如飞城。 它们产生稀释的花蜜，鼓励飞蛾不断移动，而不是停留在一个单一的花期，这更好地增加授粉。 其他花朵在成功授粉后会改变它们的香味，作为昆虫转移到其他地方的信号）可知，植物利用香 味来吸引和赶走传粉者。故选C。（4）标题判断题。根据第一段 For plants, fragrances are a wa

39、y to interact with insects and other animals.Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.（对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动 物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的）可知，文章主要介绍了植物通过香味 来保护自己和繁殖。可知，B选项Smartness behind Fragrance （香味背后的聪明机智）是最合适的 标题。故选B。本文为一篇说明文。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力 完全是偶然发生的。文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及

40、繁殖的。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得 出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。1519.【答案】B、D、E、G、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。分析文章结构可知，第一段起总领全文的作用，主要介绍了文化的定 义，结合下面几段的描述可知，空处需要一个主旨句，对下文内容进行介绍，B项”它由非物质和 物质两部分组成。”符合语境，下文是从非物质和物质两方面进行介绍。故选B。（2）联系下文题。根据下文 It informs and is encapsulated

41、in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others； how we behave depending on the place, time and audience”； and how we express identities of race, class and gender, among others.（它告诉我们如何走路、坐着、 携带身体以及与他人互动，并被封装在其中我们的行为取决于地点、时间和“观众”以及我们如何 表达种族、阶级和性别等身份。）可知D项”文化也是我们的行为和表现方式。”符合语境，下文 是对行为的

42、具体描述。故选D。（3）推理判断题。根据第二段In brief,sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people.（简而言之，社会学家将 文化的非物质方面定义为一群人共同拥有的价值观和信仰、语言、交流和实践。）以及下文 This aspect of culture includes a wide variety

43、of things, from buildings,technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.（文化的这 一方面包括各种各样的东西，从建筑、科技小玩意和服装，到电影、音乐、文学和艺术等等。物 质文化的方面通常被称为文化产品。）可知上一段是从非物质方面阐述，因此本段从物质方面阐 述，E项”物质文化是由人类制造和使

44、用的东西组成的。”符合语境。故选E。（4）联系上文题。根据上文Sociologists see the two sides of culture-the material and non-material-as closely connected.Material cult ure emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of cultur已（社会学家认为文化的两个方面 物质和非物质一一紧密相连。物质文化产生于文化的非物质方面，并由其塑造。）可知G项 ”换句话说，我们所珍视、相信和知道的东西会影响我们所做的事情。”符合语境，

45、对上文进行进步概括。故选G。(5)联系上下文。根据上文For example,a powerful documentary film might change peoples attitudes and beliefs.(例如，部强有力 的纪录片 可能会改变人们的态度和信仰。)以及下文What has come before in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influences the values,beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them

46、, which then, in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products.(例如，在音乐、电影、电视和艺术方面所取得 的成就会影响与之互动的人的价值观、信仰和期望，进而影响其他文化产品的创作。)可知讲的 是文化会被影响，因此需要特定的模式，A项”这就是为什么文化产品往往遵循模式。符合语境。故选Ao本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社会学家对于文化的定义，从物质和非物质两方面进行阐述。 七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注 意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子

47、中相同或相近的词)，选出最符合语境 的句子。2029.【答案】C、A、D、B、B、A、D、A、C、D【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A .greeted问候；B .recognized认出；C.spotted发现，注意;D.monitored监视。结合语境可知此处表示：Edda Farina和Marco Colombo注意到彼此，spot注意， 这与下段第一行的noticed呼应，故答案为C。(2)考查名词及语境理解。A.balcony阳台；B.charity慈善；C.folk人们；D.square广场。第一段 提到了 balcony concert,表示阳台音乐会。故答案为A。(3)考查名

48、词及语境理解。A.studio录音室;B.talent天赋;C.practice练习；D.performance表演。 前文讲到这是在进行音乐会，故此处表示：他在他的阳台上的小提琴表演，故答案为D。(4)考查动词及语境理解。A.consulting咨询；B.messaging发信息；C.dating约会;D.visiting拜 访。结合前句的social media (社交媒体)，可知二人互相发消息，故答案为B。(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.seek寻求；B.declare宣布；C.share分享；D.win赢得。此处表示： 挂了一个条幅，上面有Edda的名字可知这是为了示爱，declare宣

49、布，符合语境，故答案为B。(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.lifted举起,解除,撤销；B.announced宣布；C.introduced介绍； D.rejected拒绝。结合语境可知：之后他们在一个公园里进行了第一次约会，因为五月解除了限制， 故答案为A。(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.caused导致；B.deserved应得;C.needed需要;D.took带走。it took sb.todosth.某人做了某事，该句指：是全球疫情使他们走到了一起，故答案为D。（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.sound坚实的，完备的，全面的；B.material物质的；C.fresh新鲜 的；D.basic基本的。此处表示坚实的基础，sound可以作为形容词使用，表示坚实的，完备的， 全面的，故答案为A。（9）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.workout解决,锻炼；B.t