高中英语被动语态讲解及练习.docx

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1、高中英语被动话态讲解一、被动话态的构成形式1 .被动语态的根本时态变化被动话态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do加例，各种时态的被动沿态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2 ) has /have been done 现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3 am/is /are b

2、eing done 现在进展时例 A new cinema is being built here.4 was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5 had been done过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6 was/were being done 过去进展时例 A meeting was being held when I

3、 was there.7shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done -般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8should/would be done/waswere going to be done/ waswere about to bedone/waswere to be to done 一般将来时B. are not kept； haveC. do not keep； will have toD.

4、 do not keep； have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. 一一一 the sports meet might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im told

5、 D. I told4.1 need one more stamp before my collection.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth inthe near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge b

6、y the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if itA. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes in the city, and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place; ha

7、ve been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.一一一 Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being buil

8、t B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11 .- Do you like the material?一一-Yes, it very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12 . It is difficult for a foreigner Chinese.A. write B. to writeC. to be written D. written13.1 have no more letters , thank you.A. to type B. typingC. to be type

9、d D.typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened toA. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the

10、 table Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Ifs worth a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to

11、catch19. This page needed again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20.many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teachingkey 1 5 ACADC 610BCBDA1115CBCAD1620 DCCDB被前话态根底练习选择题1.0ur house,A. is getting paint B . is

12、getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint.He arrived in Beijing,where he his friend .A. was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by.The war in 1937A. was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out.The mistakes in the exercises will the teacher.A. cross B

13、. be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by.My brother and I have her birthday party.A. been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D . been invited tot this wayA. is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D . has to dot_this way.A used to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D

14、 . is used to doing.Chaplin.A. The childs name was called B . The childs name callsC . The child calls D . The child is named.The sports meeting.A. is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D . puts off.Mary realized sheA. was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun of D . was

15、being made fun.to say a thing in that wayA. It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrongC . It is considered its wrong D . It is consiedring wrong.He ordered that the books at once.A. would be printed B . would print C . be printed D . print.The story in ChinA.A. was taken place B . was happened

16、 C . took place D . has been taken place.The house my parentsA. is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is belonged to.He by his teacher.A. happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was happened to be seen.Great changes in our province.Many tall buildings.A. have been

17、 taken place, have been set upB . have taken place, have been set upC . have been taken place, have been set upD . were taken place, were set up.The halls but ifs not yet with lamps.A. furnished, finished B . been finished, been furnishedC . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full.The new h

18、all is the tallest building in this town.from here?A. Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane.A. had already taken off B . already took offC . was already taking off D . was already taken off. Some of the hotels in my hometow

19、n.A. have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuildingC . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now. If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at dinner.A. are not kept； will have to B . are not kept； haveC . do not keep ； will have to D . do not keep ； have to. The fifth generatio

20、n computers, with artificial intelligence, are and perfected now.A. developed B . have developed C . are being developed D . will have been developed. 一一一 the sports meet might be put off. 一一一 Yes, it all depends on theweather.A. Ive been told B . Ive told C . Im told D . I toldneed one more stamp b

21、efore my collection.A. has completed B . completes C . has been completed D . is completedRainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear fromthe earth in the near future.A. cut B . are cut C . are being cut D . had been cutThe new suspension bridge by the end of last month.A. has be

22、en designed B . had been designedC . was designed D . would be designedWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B . has broken C . was broken D . had been brokenGreat changes in the city, and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken

23、 place; have been set upC . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set upThat suit over 60 dollars.A. had costed B . costed C . is costed D . cost- Look! Everything here is under construction. Whats the pretty small house that _for?A. is being built B . has been built C . is built

24、D . is building一一一 Do you like the material? 一一一 Yes, it very soft.A. is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is feltIt is difficult for a foreigner Chinese.A. write B . to write C . to be written D . writtenhave no more letters , thank you.A. to type B . typing C . to be typed D . typedTake care! Dont dr

25、op the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B . wont be washed outC . isnt washed out D . isnt washing outNobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to.A. be put up B . give in C . be turned on D . go outThe computers on the table Professor Smith.A. belon

26、gs B . are belonged to C . belongs to D . belong to一一一 What do you think of the book? 一一一Oh, excellent. Ifs worth a second time.A. to read B . to be read C . reading D . being readThe squirrel was lucky that it just missed.A, catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catchThis page needed ag

27、ain.A. being checked B . checked C . to check D . to be checked40.many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B . Having been taught C . taught D . TeachingKeys：1 B2 A3 D 4 C5 D6 C7 B8 D9 A10C11 B12 C13 C14 C15 C16 B17 B18 B19A20 C 21 A22C23 A24 D25 C26 B27 C28 B29 D

28、30 A31 C32 B33 C34 A35 D36 D37 C38 C 39 D40 B 例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9shall/will have been done 将来完成时少用例 The project will have been completed before July.10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时少用例 He told me that his new clothes would have been made ver

29、y soon.2.被动话态的特殊构造形式1）带情态动词的被动构造。其形式为：情态动词+be+ii去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动构造时，可以把主动构造中的一个宾 语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保存在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3）当“动词+宾语+宾语补

30、足语”构造变为被动悟态时，将宾语变为被动构造中的 1,其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补培时，在主动构造中不定式to要省略，但变为被动构造时， 要加tOo例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可 改为 A stranger was

31、 seen to walk into the building.5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词，动词+副词”等，也 可以用于被动构造，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能 省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3,非谓3研词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或相信”的动词如 believe, cons

32、ider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“lt + be+过去分词+ that从句或主悟+ be+于去分词+ to do sth. o 有：It is said that.据说,It is reported that.据报道,It is believed that.大家相信,It is hoped that. .大家希望，It is well known that众所周知,It is thought that大家认为, It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed

33、 the national exam. =The boy is said to have passed the national exam.三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1 .英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意 义，主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动话态表被动强调的是主话的特征，而被动话态那么强调外界作用造成 的影响。试北jfl ： The door won

34、t lock.指门本身有毛病The door wont be locked,指不会有大来锁门，指“门没有领”是大的原因2 .表示“发生、进展“2不及物动生和短语,如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意 义。例How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 3.系动词没 有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等

35、在主系 表构造中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.W、非谓话动词的主研形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 .在need, want, require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义， 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing to be repaired.这 房子需要修理。2 .形容词worth后面限动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式； 而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is wel

36、l worth reading. = The picture-book is very worthy to be read.3 .动词不定式在名词后面作定悟，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中 另一名词或代词构成主调关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon, （to do 与 things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主调关系。）试比摭 PH go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此处用不定式的被动第态作定话说明you不是post动作的

37、执行者。）4 .在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的构造中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的退辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容 词有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting f o例 This problem is difficult to work out ,可看作 to work out 省略了 for me.5 .在to。to构造中，不定式前面可加退辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensiv

38、e (for me) to buy.6 .在therebe句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定悟时，不定式用主动式作定 语，重点在大，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例 There is no time to lose to be lost.用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost, 雄lost time不明确。7 .在betodo构造中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动，被动表被动。然而，由于 古英语的影隋，以下动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?五、

39、介词in,on, under等+名词构成介词鬼话表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于垓名词相 应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”构造，表示“某事在进展中“。常见的有：under control受控 制,under treatment在治疗中,under repair在修理中,under discussion在井 论中，under construction在。工中。例 The building is under construction( is being constructed).2. “beyond+名词”构造，出乎胜过范围

40、、限度。常见的有：beyondbelief （令人难以置信），beyond ones reach鞭长莫瓦，beyond ones control （无法控制，beyond our hope.我们的成功始料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief =can5t be believed .3. “above+名词构造，表示“（品质、行为、能力等）超过、高于。例 His honest character is above all praise. =His honest character cannot be praised enough.4. “for+名词”构造，表示“适于

41、 为着。如:for sale（出售）,for rent出租等。例 That house is for sale. （= That house is to be sold）.5. “in+名词”构造,表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有:inprint在印刷中,in sight（在视野范围内）,中,in sight（在视野范围内）,-3d等。例 The book is not yet in print. （=is not yet printed）6. “on+名词”构造，表示“在从事 中。常见的有：on sale（出售），on showon trialon trial。例 Today some tr

42、easures are on show in the museum （= are being showed）.7. “outof+名词”构造；表示“超出之外“，常见的有：out of control （控制不 了）, out of sight超出视线之外，out of ones reach（够不着）,out of fashion（不流 行）等。例 The plane was out of control （can9t be controlled）. o8. “within+名词”构造，”在 不超过.”o例 He took two days off within the teachers per

43、mission.大、被动语态与系表构造的区刖当“be+过去分词作被动话态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表构造时表示主话的 特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表话，相当于形容同。其区分方法如下：1 .如果强调动作成句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态， 否那么为系表构造。例 The glass is broken.系表构造The glass was broken by the boy.被动话态2 .如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动悟态。例 The door is locked,系表构造The door hasalready/just been locked.被动语态

44、3 .被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表 构造中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired.七、被动话态与高考试题赏析1 .高考对谓话动词话态的考察例析1) . In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析B因为serve是政物动词，其现作承受者tea作主话，表示经常发生的情况, 政用一般现在时的被动培态。2) . This is

45、Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in theearthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动话态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般 过去时的被动语态。3) .Have you moved into the new house?Not yet, the rooms. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are pain

46、ted D. are being painting解析A “house”和paint应该是被动的关系,排除B, Do后者未搬进新居的原 因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进展时的被动语态。不能用一骰现在时表示习惯性 动作,排除C。4) . When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.上海春 2003 A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析D decide是及物动同，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主晤

47、是动作的承受者, 所以decide要用被矶沿态。从题干的法境和关键词vet,可判断用现在完成时，不定 式做主沿用单数，故用现在完成时的被动晤态。5) . The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets 一.上海春2001A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析B句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出 应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动话态。2.高考对非谓话动词谙态的考察当非谓第动词的遗辑主赭为动作的承受者时，须用被动式。弄清非调话动词与其 避辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓话动词话态的关键。1) . Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whetherthey will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seenC. s