董亚芬大学英语精读（第三版）第1册教案(共13页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 4 Turn Off TV: A Quiet HourI. Background Information1. TV: Past and PresentA demonstration of television was held at the New York Worlds Fair in 1939, and during the 1940s networks were established and television sets began to be sold. But, for a while, radio still had complete con

2、trol of the entertainment industry.In the early 1950s, the television started to take the place of radio in the United States. But television was only on in the evenings with few choices of stations and in less than one-third of American homes.In the early 1960s, over 750 TV stations were telecasted

3、 to about 52 million sets with the result that the American TV audience included almost every family. But today, virtually every American home has TV and two-thirds of American families have two or more sets, two-thirds have cable. There are a thousand stations with a choice of five or six channels

4、all over the country, not counting in the cable programs one can buy. The Big Three of the networks are: the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), and the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).Besides networks, there are also another two TV broadcasting, one is c

5、able TV, community antenna television (CATV); the other is pay TV, also known as toll TV or subscription TV. The latter is different from the former in that it originates its own programs and charges a fee for viewing each program.But since the first modern home TV set was marketed in 1939, TVs infl

6、uence on America, for both good and bad has become a major force in determining how people relax and behave. The consequences are staggering. Studies show that the lives of Americans, from their selection of food to their choices of political leaders, are deeply affected by TV, and that influence is

7、 growing. It is clear that television has become one of the worlds most important sources of information, opinion, and entertainment. We can learn about places we shall never visit, we see important events as they take place; some programs we watch purely for entertainment. It gives us the best seat

8、s in the theater, at a rock concert, or at the Olympic Games. It also beams us pictures of war and disaster, the conquering of space, and other world events as they happen. 2. TV Program国际频道 international channel东方时空 Oriental Horizon焦点访谈 Focus Interview新闻联播 Network News科技博览 Panorama of Science & Tec

9、hnology文化视点 Culture Perspective读书时间 Off the shelf综艺大观 Variety Show天涯共此时 Sharing the moment with you电影频道 Movie Channel电视你我他 CCTV & Its Audience世界报道 Report on World Affairs海峡两岸 Across the Strait中国报道 China Report3. Generation GapThe term is used to mean differences in ideas, life styles and attitudes b

10、etween older and younger people, differences which will be result in a lack of understanding between them and frequently lead to confrontations.4. Divorce RateHigh divorce rate is a major social problem in the US. At present, it is estimated, about one quarter to one third of all American marriages

11、end in divorce. Although different in opinions, some studies indicate that there are more cases with the following reasons:A) low incomes B) inadequate education C) marriage at a very young ageThe immediate result that arises from the high divorce rate is an increasing number of single parent homes.

12、II. New words and expressions1.worthwhile: adj.【worth+while(a period of time)】good enough for the time or effort needed; valuableExample: It did not seem worthwhile writing it all out again. worth / worthy / worthwhile be worth +n.=be worthy of +n. be worth doing=be worthy of being done / be worthy

13、to be done It is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth这件事值得考虑。Example: The matter is worth considerationThe matter is worthy of considerationThe matter is worth consideringThe matter is worthy of being considered.The matter is worthy to be considered.It is worthwhile considering the matter.It is worthwhile

14、 to consider the matter.2. current:1) adj. of the present time; Example: We must counteract the present current of anti-government feeling.2) n. the movement of water in the sea or river; the movement of air in a particular direction; the fact of popular ideas, opinions, etc.Example: He swam to the

15、shore against a strong current.他逆着急流游向岸边。Birds use warm air current to help them flight.鸟儿利用暖流助飞。Television influenced the current of thought.电视影响思潮。3. activity: n. sth doneExample: Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.Activity is the only road to knowledge. A special feat

16、ure of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to participate together in research activity.麻省理工学院的一个教育特色就是学生和全体教师有机会一起参与研究活动。（CET-4, 2006, 6, 词汇）4. prohibit: v.【pro-(before)+hibit(hold)】prohibite sb. (from) doing sth. = forbid sb. to do sth.Example: Family finances prohibited h

17、is going to college.5. distract: v.【dis-(away, off)+tract(引)】draw away in another direction;Example: If something distract you or your attention, it makes you stop concentrating on what you are doing.Grief distracted him.悲伤使他精神错乱。1) be distracted by/ with被搞得心烦意乱，被搞得要发狂2) distract sb. from doing sth.

18、使某人做分心Example: The film managed to distract me from work. 那部电影使我不能专心工作。6. gap: n.Example: She had gaps in her teeth.The generation gap makes it hard for children to relate to their parents.He could not explain the gap of ten years in his job history. gap+between/inthe gap between imports and exports

19、进出口差额Example: The professor found wide gaps in his students knowledge of American literature.教授发现他的学生的美国文学知识中存在着很大的空白。7. divorce: v.end of a marriage by lawExample: He divorce his wife.1) 与订婚(v.) be engaged to(n.) engagement to2) 与结婚(v.) marry sb/ be married to (n.) marriage to3) 与离婚(v.) divorce sb.

20、/ be divorced from(n.) divorce from约翰同玛丽订婚/结婚/离婚（n.）Example: Johns engagement to Mary.Johns marriage to Mary.Johns divorce from Mary.8. rate: n. a measurement of the number of times sth. happens or exists during a particular period; a measurement of the speed; costa high/ low/ rising rate of unemplo

21、yment高/低/不断增长的失业率Example: Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.What is the going rate for baby-sitter?v. to have or think that sb. or sth. has a particular lever of qualityExample: The university is highly rated for its research.这所大学因其研究工作而受到高度评价。 at any rate无论如何，不管怎样（强调事情的真实性

22、）Example: I must finish the work by tomorrow at any rate. at this rate照此速度，照这样下去Example: At this rate, the company will suffer great losses.9. disturb: vt. make sb worried; interruptExample: Constant calls disturbed her work.I was disturbed to hear of your illness. The little stone disturbed the smo

23、oth of the lake.Every difficulty slurred over will be a ghost to disturb your repose later on.草率的处理难题事后必然睡不着。（肖邦）10. neighborhood: n. area around a point or place.Example: The mayor ordered a probe of housing conditions in the neighborhood.in the neighborhood of在附近；大约Example: His debts are in the ne

24、ighborhood of 5,000 dollars. neighborhood/ neighbor neighborhood: refers to a area neighbor: refers to people, its link verb can be used as both single form and plural form. 后缀-hood表示“身份，资质，状态”adulthood成年，childhood童年，babyhood婴儿时期，girlhood少女时期，boyhood男孩时代11. entertainment: n. amusement or interest; t

25、reat sbExample: A science fiction cannot be regarded as a mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.We are delighted in entertainment of our friends. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry.作为回应，这些危言耸听的人们谴责评论家和新

26、闻记者，说他们被娱乐产业蒙蔽了。(CET-4, 2006, 6,阅读)12. typical: adj. Example: That is a typical Chinese village. A restaurants typical make-up on wine is 100-150 percent, whereas on bottle water its often 300 to 500 percent.白酒在饭店的典型涨幅度一般是100%到150%，而瓶装水的涨幅经常是300%到500%。（CET-4, 2006, 12, 阅读）by typical of 是的特点, 典型的，有代表

27、性的Example: It is typical of him to be so gentle.13.barely: adv. hardlyExample: She had barely time to catch bus.The room was furnished barely. usage:barely是含否定意义的词，因此1) He has barely enough money to last the month, does she?(不说doesnt she?)2) Barely does he have enough money to last the month. (用在句首用

28、倒装结构)3) barelywhen/ before:刚一就Example: I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.14. radical: adj.【radic(根，根本)】彻底不同的，根本不同的激进的助记：radio(无线电)radiate(放射)与“射线”有关radic(根)Example: The workers demands were too radical to be accepted. It is well known that the most radical will become a conservati

29、on on the day after the revolution. 众所周知，激进派革命成功后就即刻变为保守派。(radical: n.激进派)15. involve: vt.【in-(入)+volve(卷)】sb takes part in an event or is affected by an event; includeExample: Dont involve me in solving your problems. Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trends involves

30、 sourcing portions of a research program to another country. 全球化也改变着科研方法，其中一个趋势是与他国共同分担科研项目。(CET-4, 2007, 12, 阅读) involve/ include involve指必然包括某种结果 include指整体中包括某项内容Example: Many of the crimes involved drugs.许多罪案与毒品有关。 usage: involve做定语时前置和后置的意义不同the people involved所牵涉的人 the involved story复杂的经历16. i

31、nvent: vt. produce sth for the first timeExample: He has invented a new way of making silk Young men are fitter to invent than to judge, fitter for execution than for counsel, and fitter for new projects than for settled business.青年适于创新而非评判，实干而非建议，开创新的事业而非固守已有旧业。(弗兰西斯.培根)Gilbert discovered electrici

32、ty, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了灯泡。17. in part: in some degreeExample: The accident was in large part due to the drivers carelessness.The house is furnished in part.18. grow up: change from a child to a manExample: My father grew up in Beijing.(指人或动物长大，成熟)My father wa

33、s brought up in Beijing.(由父母或他人抚养，抚育)19. come up with: think of; provide moneyExample: I hope you can come up with a better solution than this.You have no choice but to come up with 120,000 pounds.20. at first glance: when first seenExample: At first glance, the picture didnt look very good.21. have

34、 a ball: have a good timeExample: “Do you enjoy yourself?” “I am having a ball.”. Warm-up questions1. Do you often watch TV? Why or why not?No, I dont watch TV very often because I can obtain the latest news on the internet and neednt spend time watching TV, which is full of advertisement.2. What ar

35、e the disadvantages of watching too much TV?Watching too much TV is actually a waste of time. It can make us lazy care nothing. Its also bad for our health. Language points1. I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news, all television bro

36、adcasting in the United States be prohibited by law. (L1-3)1) 类似propose这样表示“建议，命令，愿望，要求”等词之后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其构成为“主语+should+动词原形”，should可以省略。常见词有：suggest, recommend, demand, decide, request, require, insist, desire, advise, order, command，etc.I suggest that we (should) set off at once.The King commanded t

37、hat she (should) be executed 2) right after恰巧在之后；刚完He arrived right after me.2. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problemseverything, in fa

38、ct, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illnessare caused at least in part by failure to communicate.(L5-9)1) What does a real family hour refer to?It refers to an hour when family members might sit around together, doing sth. meaningful like talking to each othe

39、r and reading novels, etc.2) Paraphrase the sentence:If there had not been for the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and really talk to one another. 介词短语without相当于一个以if 引导的条件从句，常用虚拟语气。但是，without有时也不用虚拟语气。 Without his pension, he would have starved. 3）What can we infer ab

40、out the writers attitude?TV has taken people away too much so that the lack of communication has caused many social problems.3. On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Frees from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride togoth

41、er to watch the sunset. Or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhoos with fresh, new eyes.(L13-16)With free time and no TV, children and adults rediscover reading.(L17)1) What can be inferred from the text?It can be inferred that the author regards watching TV as a pa

42、ssive pastime.2) What do “active pastimes” mean? Compared to watching TV, active pastimes refer to those activities that require physical or mental exercises. Reading, for instance, can be active. Exercising is physically active, too.3) Can you suggest some active pastimes?Aerobics, playing games, r

43、eading, sports, taking a riding4) Why does the author use the rhetorical question “remember feet?”This rhetorical question implies that Americans are now so used to traveling by car or other vehicles that many people almost forget that they can walk to some place. This perhaps can also explain why A

44、merica is sometimes nicknamed as “a country on wheels”.5)Why does the author encourage us to “to see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes”? We might pass the neighborhood everyday but have no time to enjoy it. When we are back from work, we prefer to stay at home, watching TV to kill time rather th

45、an going out. Seeing it with fresh, new eyes might help us to find something we havent noticed before and appreciate the neighborhood even more.6) What does the word “rediscover” mean?It means “to find again”. After TV appeared, people spend more time watching and less time reading, and to some exte

46、nt, reading has almost been forgotten. Now with no TV to watch, people might pick up reading again. 4. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour. (L20-22)1) Do you think reading can improve writing? In what way?It is generally accepted

47、 that reading can help us learn writing. When we read, we can actually enjoy the writing. Besides, we can develop our sense of language, and observe writing skills. Therefore, reading a lot of good books can help to improve our writing ability.5. When the quiet hour ends, the TV networks might even

48、be forced to come uo with better showa in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.(L26-28)1) What does the author imply in this sentence?If children had formed the habit of reading worthwhile books instead of watching TV for at least one hour each day, they would certainly be more cultured than they are now.2) What c