2022年中考英语人教版复习学案：专题五 介词.docx

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1、专题五介词国脉络构建-知重点She looks like her mother. 名词表时间 at, in, on, since,duringL一 . Please wait for me. 代词介词的宾语表地点in, at, on, to, near, behind表方一弋 by, with, in, on与名诃搭配in time, at school与动 i司搭配laugh at, arrive in尸be worth with与形答同搭配be good atas fbr, at last、固定搭配 to be honestHe makes a living by teaching. 动名

2、词The book is on his desk.作表语一、The girl in a red skirt is Mary. 作定语All the work must be done by hand.作状语found everything in good condition.作宾语补足语 J包考点解读-攻核心考点方位介词1. across, through 与 over,“穿越”有别!across强调从某个平面的一边到另一边“横过；穿过二over侧重越过某种障碍物，如“越过”山脉、墙等。through指从某个立体空间内“穿过；通过二The Great Wall winds its way fr

3、om west to east, across the deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西到东，穿过沙漠，翻过高山，越过峡谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直 达海边。2. among, between在之间”的数量不同among一般用于二者或二者以上的“在中间”，具宾语通常是 一个表示笼统数量或具有复数（或集合）意义的名词或代词。at times 有at home在家at present 目前时at the end of 在结束时 after school 放学后 by

4、 the way 顺便问一下by mistake错误地 for example例如 in danger处于危险之中in fact事实上 in trouble处于麻烦中（二）与动词的搭配agree with 同意 arrive at/in 至U达 come from 来自depend on 依靠 fill. with.用装满get on/off 上/下车listen to听 hear from收到的来信laugh at嘲笑look for寻找play w汕与玩耍 thanks to幸亏talk about 谈论 worry about 担41?prefer. to.比更喜欢 wait for 等

5、待（三）与形容词的搭配be afraid of 害怕be busy with T亡于 be good at擅长于be full of 充;黄的 be proud of 以自豪 be famous for 因闻 名be different from 与不同 be surprised at 对感到惊讶be interested in 对感兴趣1 .介词与后面的名词构成的固定搭配，表示状态、方式等。2 .介词与其前面的动词构成固定搭配，一般来说这样的动词都是不 及物动词，与介词配搭后作及物动词使用，后面跟宾语。包真题集训-明策略1练真题一、方位介词专练(A )1. (2020百色中考)Hong Ko

6、ng is the south of China, its one of the busiest cities in the world.A. inB. onC. atD. to(A )2. (2021 青海中考)Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. Youd better park it the tree.A. underB. in front ofC. behind(A )3. (2021 铜仁中考)一Taiwan lies the southeast of China,and it is the east of Fujian.OK

7、, I want to visit it some day.A. in; toB. on; toC. to; inD. to; on(A )4. (2021 海南中考)Sansha, a beautiful city, lies the south of China.A. inB. onC. to(B )5. (2021 温州中考)Kate felt excited to see a group of sheep walking her into a village in Qinghai.B. pastA. overC. acrossD. through(C )6. (2020苏州中考)一Di

8、d you go on the Silk Road trip by train?Yes. The train was great, just like a hotel wheelsit had allthat I needed.A. inB. atC. on D. byI.明策略一、“定位法”选方位介词表示毗邻，接壤;to表示毗邻，接壤;to1.表地理位置：“小地方”用at; “大地点用in; on表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤。（如1,3, 4）2.表空间位置：on表示两个物体有接触;above表示两个物体不接触,其反义词是below; over表示垂直在上，其反义词是undero （如2,

9、6）3. across表示“（从表面）穿过”;through表示“（从内部）贯穿“；past表示 “（从旁边）经过；between表示两者之间；among表示三者或三者以上 之间。（如5）二、时间介词专练(B )1. (2021 宿迁中考)The Communist Party of China will have its100th birthday July 1, 2021.A. inB. onC. forD. at(C )2. (202。,宜昌中考)一Many people have been back to their workMarch 5th.Cities are brought b

10、ack to life.A. for B. inC. sinceD. during（ B ）3. （2021.南京中考）We are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China July1st, 2021.A. inB. on C. atD. of（A ）4. （2021 自贡中考）一Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping?一Yes.Its reported that he passed away the a

11、ge of 91yesterday.A. atB. inC. on（C ）5. （2021 重庆中考 B 卷）We usually have a flag-raising ceremony Monday.A. inB. atC. on D. for汉明策略二、聚焦时间名词，遴选时间介词.在具体时刻或具体年龄前用at。（如4）1 .在月份、季节、年代、世纪等前用in,在泛指的上午、下午和傍晚 前也用in。2 .在特定的日期、星期和节日前，或在具体某天的上午、下午和傍晚 前用。n。（ia 1,3,5）.表示“时间段时“点时间”用since; “段时间”用foro （如2）o 三、方式介词专练（B

12、）1. （2021 郴州中考）一What would you like to drink, Joe?rd like a cup of coffee milk, please. I like the taste.A. inB. withC. from（A ）2. （2021 湘潭中考）一How do you study for a test, Eric?I study working with a group.A. byB. withC. in（ A ）3. （2021-绥化中考）Big sale! We haveT-shirts white only $6.A. in; for B. of;

13、forC. in; atl明策略三、锁定介词宾语，判断方式介词with/without后接具体的工具、手段、材料等。（如1）1. in表示用语言、方法、途径或衣服的颜色。（如3）by接交通工具或doing sth.表示方式。（如2）四、其他介词专练（B ）1. （2021 安徽中考）Our country has made great progress in the fight blue skies and clear waters.A. inB. forC. againstD.between（D ）2. （2020天水中考）Man cant live water.A. ofB. forC.

14、fromC. fromD. without（C ）3.（2020连云港中考）To complete her online learning, Suzy needs a computer or a mobile phone to receive messages her teachers.A. withB. duringC. fromD. throughl明策略四、语境分析法解介词题熟记介词的意思，并把介词放到句子中去理解，最后根据语境选出所需介词。（如13）五、介词短语与固定搭配专练（B ）1. （2021 安徽中考）一Your village is really beautiful!一Tha

15、nk you. , all the villages here have taken on a new look.A. For exampleB. In factC. First of allD. As a result（B ）2. （2020鄂州中考）Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables in his garden.A. in publicB. in personC. in silenceD. in fact（A ）3. （2020,山西中考）As students, were supposed to go to t

16、he museum often. We can get more knowledge from the things.A. on showB. on saleC. on land（A ）4. （2021 海南中考）It is said Zhang Sanfeng created tai chi（太 极）after watching a fight between a snake and a bird. , many movements in tai chi have names of animals.A. In factB. In totalC. In time（D ）5 .（2020,咸宁中

17、考）一I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.You shouldnt watch TV too much. Its bad your eyes.A. withB. inC. on D. forl明策略五、准确记忆法解固定搭配题介词在一些短语中的固定搭配用法，须特殊记忆。（如15）as for instead of ahead of according to away from because of far from such as after all至于代替在之前根据远离因为远离例如毕竟between一般指两者之间，其宾

18、语往往是表示两者的名词或代词， 或者是由and连接的两个人或物。若指三个以上人或物中 的每两个之间时，仍然要用between0They hid themselves among the trees.他们躲在树林中。There was a fight between the two boys.这两个男孩子打过一次架。3. in, on与to的“位置”不同in表小“在氾围之内”We had a day out in the country.我们在乡卜玩了 天。表示两者是“包含”关系Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲的 乐部。on表亦“在（表面）上”There is

19、 a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。表示两者是“相切”关系Korea is on the northeast of China.朝鲜在中国的东北部。to表示到/向”This road leads to London.这条路通向伦 敦。表示两者是“相离”关系Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国 的东部。4.表示“附近”的beside, by, near和 next tobeside/by表示“在旁边”，指较近的距离。He stood beside the entrance.他站在入口旁边。near表示“在附近”，指较近的距离， 但一般比be

20、side所指的距离远。My house is near the railway station. 我家在火车站附近。next to表示“靠近，紧挨着，贴近”，它所指 的距离最近。Our house is next to the post office.我们的家紧挨着邮 局。【特别提醒】上述几个词从近到一般近到最近顺序为:near beside/by next to5.表示“进进出出”的into, onto, out of和offinto表示“到里Tears came into her eyes.泪水涌上了她的眼睛。onto表示“到 上面”，表示 某物向另一物 的运动He jumped onto

21、 the horsn and left here quickly.他跳上马，迅速离开了这里。outof表示“向外；在外,，Something must have fallen out of thn bag.一定有什么东西从包里掉出来了。off表示“脱离某一地方”He took his feet off the desk.他把脚从桌子上移开。6.表示“沿着，向”的 from, towards along/up/downfrom表示“从，自“South America separated from Africa 200 millionyears ago.两亿年前南夫洲和非洲分兽。towar ds“

22、朝,对, 向”,可以 说明动作或 静止的状态The houses face towards the south.这些房子朝南。along“沿着；顺 着”，与up/down 同 义I saw him running along /up/down the road.我看见他正沿着这条路跑。aroun d/ round“围绕着”, 表示动作They sat round/around the fire.他们围火而坐。拓展迁移，1 .穿过”图解2 .“在之间”图解3. “位置”图解4 .附近”图角单5 .“进进出出”图解6.“沿着”图角牟betweenNB is in the east of A. C

23、is on the east of A D is to the east of A.beside/next tonearinto out ofonto offdown upfrom toward/toaround along考点介词用法举例at用来表示在某一 具体时刻或固定 搭配中at six oclock; at noonin泛指一般意义的上午、下午、晚上in the morning在某月、某季节、某年等in spring; in April, in 2021表示在将来一段时间之后in two dayson后面所接的时间 多与具体的日期 有关on May 1st; on Saturdayby

24、表示“到为止”by ten oclockfor后接一段时间，We will stay in the city for two days.时间介词表示“（延续）之久”duri ng意为“在期间”He stays in Beijing during the summer.sine e“自从以来”, 后接“时间点”I have been here since 1976.语法串记七时间名词前介词用法口诀年月周前要用in,具体日子却要禁。遇到几号要用on, 上午下午又是况要说某日上下午, 用on换in记清楚。具体时刻用at,午夜、黎明也用它。三a方式介词意义或用法举例byby+表示交通工具的 名词，意为

25、“乘,坐”, 表示交通方式He goes to school by subway.by+v. -ing 形式，表ZF ”通过方式“I learn English by reading.inin+语言类名词，表示用语言”The novel is written in English.onon+radio/TV 等表不“通过收音机/电视等He likes to watch soccer games on TV.with表示“用”某种工具； 身体的某一部分或 器官We see with our eyes and listen with our ears.bicycle train【图解】by+表交通

26、工具的名词四A其他介词介词意义或用法举例as意为“作为；以 的身份”，后常接表 示职业、职务的名词As a student, you should study hard.Mo Yan is famous as a writer.表示“除之夕卜”,We are all here except Jim because he isill.except从整体中除去一部分，含有“减”的意思besides表示“除之外（还 有户,含有“加”的意 思Well all visit the museum besides Jim.with表示伴随，意为“和一起”He often plays soccer with his friends.表示“具有；带有”The Smiths live in a big house with a small garden.without表示“无；没有”We cant live without water.for表示对象、用途等，意为给对；供”Its a book for children.表示目的，意为“为了”Lets go for a walk.【图解】except 与 besidesexcept 除了 B, A 都去了besides 除了 A, B 也去了考点考点五介词短语与固定搭配（一）与名词的搭配