高中英语课件：非谓语动词.ppt

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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三1非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语表语表语定语定语状语状语2021/8/11 星期三2（1）不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容说明内容)be+to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语）带不定式作宾语的词语 下下 列列 词词 语语 常常 不不 定定 式式 作作 宾宾 语语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、w

2、ish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。等。下列动词后可接疑问词下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、findout、advise、discuss等。等。动词不定式在句中应注意的几个问题动词不定式在句中应注意的几个问题2021/8/11 星期三3如何理解和使用不定式作宾补如何理解和使用不定式作宾补动动 词词 see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、obs

3、erve、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等等的的宾宾补补用用动动词词原原形形，变变被被动动时时要要加加to,此此时时的的不不定定式就是主语补足语。式就是主语补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主主语语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+sb.to do sth.主语主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider/feel+sb.+to be/to have done主主语语+call on/upon/depend o

4、n/wait for/ask for+sb.+to do sth.2021/8/11 星期三4（4 4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下下列列词词语语后后常常接接不不定定式式作作定定语语：chancechance、wishwish、rightright、couragecourage、needneed、promisepromise、timetime、opportunityopportunity、wayway、the the firstfirst、the the secondsecond、the lastthe last、the onlythe only等等。不不定定式式作作定

5、定语语和和所所修修饰饰的的名名词词在在逻逻辑辑上上有有主主谓关系。谓关系。There is no one to look after her.There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.She is now looking for a room to live in.2021/8/11 星期三5（5 5）不定式作状语的用法。）不定式作状语的用法。不不定定式式作作状状语语，修修饰饰动动词词，在在句句中中表表示示行

6、行为为目目的的、结结果果、原原因因。only only to to dodo表表示示出出人人意意料的结果。料的结果。We We hurried hurried to to the the classroom classroom only only to to find find none there.none there.in in order(not)to,so order(not)to,so as(not)toas(not)to用用来来引引导导目目的的状状语语,enough,too,enough,too,so so as as to to do,do,such such+名词名词 as t

7、o do as to do作结果状语作结果状语.如如:The:The girl girl was was so so kind kind as as to to help help the the old man off the bus.old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.Im not such a fool as to believe that.2021/8/11 星期三6（6 6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表表示示不不定定式式中中谓谓语语动动词词发发生生的的动动作作先先于于主主句句的谓

8、语动词发出的动作。的谓语动词发出的动作。The The novel novel was was said said to to have have been been published.published.I I regret regret to to have have been been with with you you for for so so many years.many years.seemseem、appearappear、be saidbe said、be supposedbe supposed、be be believedbelieved、be thoughtbe th

9、ought、be knownbe known、be be reportedreported等动词常用于上面句型。等动词常用于上面句型。2021/8/11 星期三7此此外外，gladglad、happyhappy、satisfiedsatisfied、sorrysorry、surprisedsurprised、disappointeddisappointed后后也也接接完完成成时时，但但要要注注意意与与一一般般时时的区别。的区别。Im Im sorry sorry to to keep keep you you waiting waiting for for a a minute.minute.

10、对对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im Im sorry sorry to to have have kept kept you you waiting.waiting.对对不不起起，让让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。的虚拟语气。（A A）should like to/would like to/would should like to/would like to/would love to+love to+不定式的完成时。不定式的完成

11、时。（B B）was/were to+was/were to+不定式的完成时，表示该做不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。某事或想做但未实现。（C C）expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/think/want/wish+wish+不定式完成不定式完成时时，表示，表示过过去去未曾未曾实现实现的愿望。的愿望。2021/8/11 星期三8（7 7）不定式的省略。）不定式的省略。同一结构并列由同一结构并列由andand或或oror连接。连接。I want to finish m

12、y homework and go home.I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特特例例：To To be be or or not not to to be,this be,this is is a a question.question.He He is is better better to to laugh laugh than than to to cry.(cry.(表表示示对对比

13、比)2021/8/11 星期三9不不定定式式作作表表语语，其其前前面面的的主主语语从从句句中中含含有有dodo时，后面的时，后面的toto省略。省略。What he did was lose the game.What he did was lose the game.句句 中中 含含 有有 动动 词词 dodo时时，butbut、exceptexcept、besidesbesides、such such asas等等后后面面toto可可省省略略。即即“前前有有do,do,后省后省to”to”。Dont Dont do do anything anything silly,silly,such

14、 such as as marry marry him.him.主主句句含含有有不不定定式式，后后面面有有rather rather than,than,rather thanrather than后省后省toto。Why Why notnot、had had betterbetter、would would ratherrather、cant cant butbut等等词词后后省省toto。如如：He He could could not not but walk home.but walk home.2021/8/11 星期三10（8 8）不定式的替代。）不定式的替代。多多用用在在同同一一

15、句句或或联联系系紧紧密密的的对对话话中中，为为了了避避免免重重复复，作作宾宾语语或或主主补补，宾宾补补的的不不定定式式再再次次出出现现时时，toto后后的的内内容容常常承承前前省省略略（只只保保留留toto即即可可）。但但如如果果承承前前省省略略的的不不定定式式有有助助动动用用的的havehave或或bebe任任何何形形式式，后后应应该该保留原形保留原形bebe或或havehave。如：。如：Susan is not what she used to be.Susan is not what she used to be.You You came came late late last las

16、t night.night.You You ought ought to to have have finished your homework.finished your homework.I know I ought to have.I know I ought to have.常见的有：常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to.Id like/love/be happy to.2021/8/11 星期三113 3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1 1）动名词作宾语。）动名词作宾语。下下列列动动词词后后只只能能接接动动名名词词：suggest

17、,suggest,finish,finish,avoid,avoid,stop,stop,cant cant help,help,mind,mind,enjoy,enjoy,require,require,practise,practise,miss,miss,escape,escape,pardon,pardon,advise,advise,consider,consider,imagine,imagine,keep,keep,appreciate,eacape,permitappreciate,eacape,permit。下下列列动动词词短短语语接接动动名名词词：leave leave o

18、ff,off,put put off,off,give give up,up,look look forward forward to,to,feel feel like,like,have have trouble trouble/difficulty(in)difficulty(in)doing doing sth.sth.devote devote to,to,get get used used to,to,pay pay attention attention to,to,be be fond of,be worthfond of,be worth。介介词词后要接后要接动动名名词词。w

19、hat aboutwhat about、how abouthow about、withoutwithout、be be fond offond of、be good atbe good at等介词后接动名词。注意等介词后接动名词。注意on/upon on/upon doing sth.=as soon as doing sth.=as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时引导的从中。作此意讲时on/uponon/upon后也可以接名词。如后也可以接名词。如on his arrivalon his arrival。2021/8/11 星期三12动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：动名词作宾语

20、和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,hate,prefer,cant standprefer,cant stand例例 句句 解解 析析 1.It began to rain.It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying(to lie)on my back.4.I like listening to music,but today I dont like to.5.I

21、don t prefer to swim in the river now.1.意意思思无无差差别别，但但谓谓语语动动词词用用进进行行时时，后后面面只跟不定式。只跟不定式。2.表表示示一一种种倾倾向向多多接接动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，如如果果表表示示某某一一特特定定的的或或具具体体的行动，多接不定式。的行动，多接不定式。2021/8/11 星期三13remember,forget,regret,try例例 句句 解解 析析 1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgo

22、t giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having working hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1.remember to do sth

23、.记记住住要要做做的的事事 remember doing sth.回回顾顾过过去去发发生的事生的事2.forget to do sth.忘记要做的事忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事忘记做过的事3.regret to do sth.对对将将要要做做的的事事抱抱歉歉 regret doing sth.对对发发生生过过的的事事后后悔悔4.try to do sth.设法设法，试图，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试试试看，试一试5.mean to do sth.打打算算做做，想想要要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是意味着，就是2021/8/11

24、星期三14want,require,need例例 句句 解解 析析 These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1.need doing 需要被做需要被做 need to be done需需要要被做被做2.want doing want to be done3.require doing require to be done2021/8/11 星期三154、分词复习应注意的几个、分词复习应注意

25、的几个问题问题（1）现现在在分分词词在在句句中中作作时时间间、原原因因、伴伴随随、条条件件、结结果果等等状语。状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when,whilewhen,while等）等）Hearing the good news,he jumped with greatjoy.Hearing the good news,he jumped with greatjoy.Not Not having having finished finished her her work work in in time,time,the the boss boss fired

26、her.fired her.原因状语原因状语Seeing Seeing nobody nobody at at home,home,he he decided decided to to leave leave them them a a notenote伴随状语伴随状语The girls came in,following their parents.The girls came in,following their parents.结果状语结果状语The The poor poor old old man man died,died,leaving leaving nothing noth

27、ing to to his his children.children.2021/8/11 星期三16注注意意：现现在在分分词词作作状状语语的的几几个个特特性性。时时间间性性。与与谓谓语语动动词词同同时时发发生生，用用一一般般时时，如如发发生生在在谓谓语语动动作作之之前前时时则则用用完完成成式式having having donedone。语语态态性性。与与句句子子的的主主语语之之间间的的关关系系，是是主主谓谓关关系系或或动动宾宾关关系系。遵遵循循的的规规则则“主主动动进进行行，被被动动完完成成”。人人称称一一致致性性。分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语就就是是句句子子的主语。的主语。2021/8/

28、11 星期三17（2 2）分词作表语。）分词作表语。S.S.+be be+动动词词-ed-ed表表示示被被动动，主主语语是是人人；S.S.+be be+动动词词-ing-ing表表示示主主动动，主主语语是是物物。分分词词作作宾宾补补不不定式作宾补的区别：定式作宾补的区别：感官动词感官动词 动词原形动词原形做了某事做了某事S S+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词正在做某事正在做某事 使役动词使役动词 过去分词过去分词做了或被做做了或被做2021/8/11 星期三185 5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过过去去分分词词作作状状语语，相相当当于于一一个个状状语语从从句句，有来

29、说明原因、时间、条件等。有来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语）过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.=Because he was tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.=As he was lost in thought,he almost ran into a car.2021/8/11 星期三19（2）作时间状语）作时间状语Seen from the hill,the city looks like

30、 a garden.=When the city is seen from the hill,it looks like a garden.（3）作条件状语）作条件状语Given more time,I would have worked out the problem.=If I have been given more time,I would have worked out the problem.2021/8/11 星期三20（4）伴随状语）伴随状语The teacher came in,followed by some students.=The teacher came in an

31、d was followed by some students.分分词词短短语语作作状状语语时时，通通常常与与主主句句中中的的主主语语在在逻逻辑辑上上一一致致，但但有有时时它它也也可可以以有有自自己己独独立立的的逻逻辑辑上上的的主主语语，这这种种结结构构称称为为独立主格结构。如：独立主格结构。如：Her grandfather being ill,she had to stay at home looking after him.2021/8/11 星期三21二、精典名题导解二、精典名题导解选择填空选择填空1._such heavy pollution already,it may now b

32、e too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered答案为答案为A。2021/8/11 星期三222.One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct答案为答案为B。3.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung答案为答案为B。2021/8/11 星期三23Good-byeGood-bye2021/8/11 星期三242021/8/11 星期三25