高中英语（第1轮）总复习 part2 第10讲 名词性从句课件 新人教.ppt

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1、第第1010讲 名名词性从句性从句2021/8/11 星期三1【定定义义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。【四四大大从从句句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。2021/8/11 星期三2【完成例句】【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,why,when,what)(1)That he will succeed is certain.(2)Whether he will go there is not known.(3)

2、What he said is not true.(4)When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.2021/8/11 星期三3【结结论论】that从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。whether 从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。特殊疑问词从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。2021/8/11 星期三4【疑难【疑难1】Who he is is none

3、 of my business.【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。【疑难【疑难2】That he likes English is known to us all.What he said at the meeting made me sad.【疑疑难难剖剖析析2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。2021/8/11 星期三5【疑疑难难3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all.【疑难剖析【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。【疑难【疑难3】I

4、t is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.【疑疑难难剖剖析析3】1主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。2021/8/11 星期三6 2it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对

5、句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。3.用it 作形式主语的常用结构 It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that事实是 It is an honor that非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识2021/8/11 星期三7It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that很自然 It is strange that奇怪的是It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that似乎It 过去分

6、词 从句 It is reported that据报道 It has been proved that已证实 It is said that据说2021/8/11 星期三8【疑疑难难5】It is said that Chairman Hu will visit our school next week.()That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said.()【疑难剖析【疑难剖析5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：1.if 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。2.It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。3

7、.It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。2021/8/11 星期三9 It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.()That he failed in the examination occurred to him.()4.It doesnt matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.()Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.()5.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句

8、时，主语从句不可提前。2021/8/11 星期三10Is it likely that it will rain in the evening？()Is that will rain in the evening likely？()【疑难【疑难6】what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a consolation.【疑疑难难剖剖析析6】what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，而that则不充当任何成分。2021/8/11 星期三11二、宾语从句二、宾语从句

9、 在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。【完成例句】【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,where,what，who)(5)I heard that he joined the army.(6)She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(7)She told me that she would accept my invitation.2021/8/11 星期三12【结结论论9】由that引导的宾语

10、从句(that 通常可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。whether(if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。2021/8/11 星期三13【疑难【疑难1】引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别 I asked her if/whether she had a bike.They discussed whether they will go back right now.Were worried about whether he is safe.I dont know whether

11、or not he will come.I dont know whether to go.【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情况：动词discuss后；介词后；whether与or not连用时；whether to do。2021/8/11 星期三14【疑难【疑难2】I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.【疑难剖析【疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that。【注意】【注意】下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinc

12、ed,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。(有时也将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。)2021/8/11 星期三15【疑疑难难3】We heard it that she would get married next month.【疑疑难难剖剖析析3】it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾(特别是在带复合宾语的句子中)。2021/8/11 星期三

13、16【疑难【疑难4】I admire their winning the match.()I admire that they won the match.()【疑疑难难剖剖析析4】后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词有：allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。2021/8/11 星期三17【疑疑难难5】He impressed the manager as an honest man.

14、()He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.()【疑疑难难剖剖析析5】有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句”结构中，这类动词常见的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。2021/8/11 星期三18【疑难【疑难6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont think this dress fits you well.【疑疑难难剖剖析析6】否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,b

15、elieve,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。2021/8/11 星期三19三、表语从句三、表语从句 在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。2021/8/11 星期三20【完成例句】【完成例句】根据句意填空 (8)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.(9)This is why we cant get the support of the pe

16、ople.(10)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(11)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.2021/8/11 星期三21【结论【结论1】完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略；表“是否”含义时用whether；语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如what，when，where，why等；两种特殊句型：the reason is that和It is because等结构。2021/8/11 星期三2

17、2四、同位语从句四、同位语从句 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。【完成例句】【完成例句】根据句意选词填空 (12)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.(13)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2021/8/11 星期三23【结结论论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，可以接同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,

18、information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。2021/8/11 星期三24【疑难【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置 He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。2021/8/11 星期三25【疑难【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。2021/8/11 星期三26【疑疑难难剖剖析析2】(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。2021/8/11 星期三272021/8/11 星期三28