高中英语 M4U2情态动词公开课课件 牛津必修4.ppt

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1、Grammar Modal verbsWelcome!2021/8/11 星期三1Unit 2 Sports events Modal verbs Grammar and usage2021/8/11 星期三2Unit 2 Sports events -Grammar Teaching aims&demands(目标目标/要求要求):1.Show Ss that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability,obligation,certainty or permission,to make requests,suggestions,offers

2、and to give advice.2.Enable students to understand that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.2021/8/11 星期三3Warming-up exercises1.He _ speak English fluently.(表能力表能力)2.2.You _ work hard to win the gold medals.(表责任表责任/

3、义务义务)3._we do some exercises this morning?(表表征求对方意见征求对方意见)4.-Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you _.A.may B.must C.might D.could5.-May I pick a flower in the garden?-_.A.No,you need B.No,please C.No,you mustnt D.No,you wontmustcanShall AC2021/8/11 星期三4一情态动词的语法特征 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、

4、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。Modal verbs:general introduction2021/8/11 星期三5二二情情态动词态动词的的语语法法功能功能 We can use modal verbs to talk about:abilitycertaintypermissionobligation makerequests makesuggestions makeoffers giveadvice 能力能力义务义务,责任责任确定确定允许允许 提出提出请求请求 提出提出建议建议提供

5、提供帮忙帮忙提出提出忠告忠告Modal verbs:general introduction2021/8/11 星期三6情态动词情态动词1.cancouldbeableto2.shall4.maymight三三常常见情情态动词态动词的基本用法的基本用法3.musthaveto7.will would5.need dare6.ought to should8.情态动词情态动词+have done2021/8/11 星期三7情态动词情态动词1.cancouldbeableto2.shall4.maymightThe usage of some common modal verbs3.musthav

6、eto5.情态动词情态动词+have done2021/8/11 星期三8 can表示本身所具有的能力或潜能，表示本身所具有的能力或潜能，could是其是其过过去式去式 *我认为我认为没有你的帮助没有你的帮助他他不不能解决这能解决这 个问题。个问题。I dont think he can solve the problem without your help.*两年前两年前Rose就能自己烧饭了。就能自己烧饭了。Rose could cook meals for herself two years ago.1.情情态动词态动词can,could和和be able to的用法的用法2021/8/

7、11 星期三9 Notice:(1).be able to表示能力表示能力,有人称和数的变化有人称和数的变化,可用于各种时态可用于各种时态;(2).can表示客观可能性表示客观可能性,常指现在常指现在,较常用较常用,过去式为过去式为“could”;如果如果只表示能力时只表示能力时,can=be able to(3).could仅表示过去具备某种能力仅表示过去具备某种能力,而而 was/were able to表示不仅具备而且表示不仅具备而且 实施了某种能力实施了某种能力;更侧重于更侧重于“克服一定困难克服一定困难,经过一定努力做成某事经过一定努力做成某事”=managed to do sth.

8、=succeeded in doing sth.2021/8/11 星期三10 E.g:*He was able to swim across the river before the ship sank.【Practice】*He managed to get the radio repaired without any help.=He _/_ the radio repaired without any help.was able to getsucceeded in getting 2021/8/11 星期三11*据说我们下周要进行期中考试据说我们下周要进行期中考试,这消息是真的吗这消

9、息是真的吗？Its said that we will have the mid-termexam next week.现在现在:could/cant be 过去过去:cant/couldnt have done because I met him in his office just now.*他不可能去了国外，因为我刚刚在他的他不可能去了国外，因为我刚刚在他的办公室遇见他办公室遇见他。Can the news be true?He cant have gone abroad,can和和could还还可用于表示可用于表示对对事情可能性的事情可能性的 推推测测(常用于否常用于否,疑句中疑句中)

10、2021/8/11 星期三12E.g:-Could I use your pen?(语气委婉语气委婉)-Yes,you can.No,you cant/mustnt.过去式过去式could常用于常用于疑问句疑问句中中,比比can更加委更加委婉婉,表示礼貌表示礼貌。肯定回答时肯定回答时,常用常用原形原形can或者或者may,不可再用不可再用过去式过去式could。*吸烟往往会导致癌症吸烟往往会导致癌症。Smoking can cause cancer.*It can be very cold here in winter.这的冬天有时会很冷。这的冬天有时会很冷。在在肯定句肯定句中中,can还还可

11、表示可表示“有有时时会会,往往会往往会”2021/8/11 星期三13 2.shall用法 shall常用于第一,三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见,用于二、三人称陈述句中表示意图、决心、命令、警告、允诺、强制等,在法律法规等文件中表示义务或规定,可译为“必须,应该,可以”等。Shall he clean the blackboard for you?Take it easy.You _be offered a job in this company.Mike _spare no effort to study.(1)“The interest _be divided into five par

12、ts according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shallshallshallD表表“法律法法律法规规等文件中表示等文件中表示义务义务或或规规定定”2021/8/11 星期三14(2)-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt

13、 D.shouldnt(3)The boss said to the secretary,“If you work well,you _ have a rise.”A.must B.ought C.shall D.would AC表表“警告警告”表表“允诺允诺”2021/8/11 星期三15 3.情态动词情态动词must和和have to的用法的用法:“must”与与“have to”都表示都表示“必须必须,不得不不得不”must:指说话人认为指说话人认为“主观主观”上有必要上有必要have to:指根据约定指根据约定,事情的因素有必要事情的因素有必要 做某事做某事-“客观客观”Ex:*The

14、 train leaves at 7 oclock.I _(must/have to)go now.*I dont like my watch.I _ (must/have to)buy a new one.have tomust2021/8/11 星期三16E.g:-你现在就得回家吗？你现在就得回家吗？-是的是的,我现在就得回家。我现在就得回家。不不,我现在不需要回家。我现在不需要回家。-Must you go home now?(必须必须)在疑问句中在疑问句中“must”表示表示“必须必须”的回答形的回答形式式 肯定肯定“Yes,sb.must.”;否定否定“No,sb.neednt.”或

15、或“No,sb.dont(doesnt)have to.”*dont have to=neednt没必要没必要-Yes,I must./No,I neednt.=I dont have to.2021/8/11 星期三17 表示对表示对现在现在的肯定推测的肯定推测 must do(状态动词状态动词,如如:live/have/know),must be(doing)表示对表示对过去过去的肯定推测的肯定推测 must have donemust只能用于表示肯定的推只能用于表示肯定的推测测,指指“一定一定,肯定肯定”;2021/8/11 星期三18 Practice*你现在一定困了。你现在一定困了。

16、He must have watched the football match last night.You must be sleepy now.*你现在一定困了你现在一定困了,不是吗不是吗?*他昨晚一定看他昨晚一定看足球比赛足球比赛了。了。You must be sleepy now,arent you?*He must have watched film last night,_?*He must have watched film,_?A.hasnt he B.mustnt he C.didnt he D.hadnt heCA2021/8/11 星期三19 mustnt 表示表示“不准

17、、禁止不准、禁止”*你们不准在学校吸烟。你们不准在学校吸烟。You mustnt smoke at school.must有时表示有时表示“偏要偏要”,含含“责备责备,抱怨抱怨”之意之意(1)我已经跟你讲过很多遍了我已经跟你讲过很多遍了,为什么你为什么你偏要偏要 在课堂上讲话呢？在课堂上讲话呢？(2)现在已是午夜了现在已是午夜了,你你偏要偏要这个时候弹这个时候弹 钢琴钢琴吗吗？I have told you many times._?It is midnight._?Must you play the piano nowWhy must you talk in class2021/8/11 星

18、期三20 4.may/might,(1)表示表示“许可许可”时时:might,比较委婉比较委婉,一般多用于一般多用于疑问句疑问句;在以在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示表示征询对方意见或表示 请求时请求时,回答应相应使用回答应相应使用can,may;表示允许表示允许(肯定句肯定句)和请求和请求(疑问句疑问句)若回答若回答 表示表示“不可以不可以/不准不准”时时,一般用一般用mustnt.E.g:-May/Might I use your dictionary?-Yes,_./No,you _.may/canmustnt2021/8/11 星期三21(2)表猜测时表猜测时,“may

19、,might”能用于陈述句能用于陈述句中中,有有“或许或许,大概大概,可能可能”之意之意;现在现在“may/might+状态动词状态动词”过去过去“may/might have done”may的可能性较大的可能性较大,might的可能性最小的可能性最小;(3)may可以表示可以表示“祝愿祝愿”,might不能这样用不能这样用E.g:*希望上帝保佑你希望上帝保佑你!May God bless you!*Rose may be busy now.*Rose might have returned home,but Im not sure.*但愿你快乐但愿你快乐!May you be happy!

20、2021/8/11 星期三22Practice:1、-Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you _.A.may B.must C.might D.could2、-Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _it in the wrong place.A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put AD2021/8/11 星期三23 must have done 过去一定做过某事cant have done 过

21、去不可能做过某事should(ought to)have done 过去本该做某事却没做shouldnt(ought not to)have done 过去本不该做某事却做了5.情情态动词态动词+have done表示表示对对已已经发经发生事情推生事情推测测、责责怪、后悔、怪、后悔、遗遗憾等。憾等。2021/8/11 星期三24 neednt have don 过过去没有必要做某事而去没有必要做某事而实际实际上却做了上却做了 could have done 过过去本可以做某事却没做去本可以做某事却没做 may/might have done 过过去可能已去可能已经经做了某事做了某事5.情情态动

22、词态动词+have done表示表示对对已已经发经发生事情推生事情推测测、责责怪、后悔、怪、后悔、遗遗憾等。憾等。2021/8/11 星期三251.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A.should have taken B.could have taken C.neednt have taken D.mustnt have taken2.-Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.-You _her last w

23、eek.A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told CDPractice2021/8/11 星期三263.She _ have left school,for her bike is still here.A.cant B.wouldnt C.shouldnt D.neednt4.-I cant find my purse anywhere.-You _ have lost it while shopping.A.may B.can C.should D.would5.-I stayed at a hotel

24、 while in New York.-Oh,did you?You _with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed AAA2021/8/11 星期三27ABCDEFGHIJGroup Competition 2021/8/11 星期三281.What sort of house do you want to have?Something big?-Well,it _ be bigthats not important.A.mustnt B.neednt C.cant D.wont2.

25、改错改错 Mr.Li mustnt have gone to Shanghai because I saw him a few minutes ago.BBack cantmust表推测只用于肯定句表推测只用于肯定句,否定句中表推测否定句中表推测用用cant;mustnt指指“禁止、不准禁止、不准”2021/8/11 星期三291.He said that the bike _ stolen and that he_ have to telephone the police.A.was,would B.has,will C.has been,will D.had been,would not2

26、.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A.can B.should C.may D.must DBackA2021/8/11 星期三301.1.It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall 2.You cant imagine that a we

27、ll behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would DCBack2021/8/11 星期三311.Tom,finish your homework first,or you _ watch TV!A.shant B.couldnt C.neednt D.may not2.-She looks very happy.She _ (must/might)have passed the exam.-I guess so.Its not difficult after all.ABackmust2021

28、/8/11 星期三321.-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,of course you _.A.might B.will C.can D.should2.Hearing the steps of the police,the thief _ move at all.A.dares not B.dared not to C.didnt dare to D.not dareCCBack2021/8/11 星期三331.-Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _it in

29、the wrong place.A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put 2.-Is John coming by train?-He should,but he _not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.mayDDBack表对过去可能性的推测。表对过去可能性的推测。2021/8/11 星期三34 1.Mike,look at the time._you play the piano at such a late hour?A.Must B.Can C.May

30、 D.Need 2.She is already two hours late.What _to her?A.may have happened B.can have happened C.should have happened D.must happenABackB2021/8/11 星期三351.If it were not for the fact that she _sing,I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might notC2.It is recommended that passenge

31、rs _ keep their cell phones on when the plane is landing.A.not B.need not C.could not D.would not Backcant 表能力表能力,此处表示她本身能唱歌的此处表示她本身能唱歌的一个客观事实一个客观事实。A2021/8/11 星期三361.I didnt hear the phone.I _asleep.A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been2.My suggestion is that Tom_ abroad and he

32、stay here until the project completes.A.send B.should not send C.be sent D.not be sentBBackD2021/8/11 星期三371.A_candle_thefacesofeverybodyintheroom.Theyalllookedtired.A.lit,litupB.litup,litC.lighted,litupD.lighted,lit2.Thereisapartytonight_ournewpresident,andIam_tobeinvited.A.inhonor;honoredB.inplaceof;ofgreathonorC.ingreathonor;infavorofD.inhonorof;honoredBackDC2021/8/11 星期三38consolidation testconsolidation test2021/8/11 星期三39Homework1.Review the modal verbs we learnt today;2.Finish Step III Practice of Learning plan 4-5.2021/8/11 星期三402021/8/11 星期三412021/8/11 星期三42