初中英语总复习知识点归纳(基本全了)(8页).doc
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1、-第 1 页初中英语总初中英语总复习知识点复习知识点归纳归纳(基本基本全了全了)-第 2 页初中英语总复习知识点归纳初中英语总复习知识点归纳1.1.冠词冠词 a a/anan 的用法的用法a a 用于辅音音素前用于辅音音素前a a usefuluseful book,book,a a university,university,a a“u u”OnceOnce a a weekweekhavehave a a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/restresthavehave a a cold/col
2、d/headacheheadache/feverfever/cough/coughhavehave a a goodgoodtimetimehavehave a a trytryinin a a hurryhurryafterafter a awhilewhilekeepkeep a a diarydiarygogo forfor a a walkwalkinin a aminuteminuteinin a a wordwordinin a a shortshort whilewhileanan 则用于元音音素前则用于元音音素前 anan hour,hour,anan honesthonest
3、 boyboy,anan“A A E E F F H H I I L L M MN N O O R R S S X X”keepkeep anan eyeeye onon定冠词定冠词 thethe 的用法:的用法:1 1)特指双方都明白的人或物:)特指双方都明白的人或物:GiveGive meme thethe book.book.2 2)上文提到过的人或事:)上文提到过的人或事:-Do-Do youyou knowknow thethe ladylady inin blue?blue?Yes,Yes,sheshe isis a a teacherteacher ofof a a univer
4、sity.university.3 3)指世上独一物二的事物)指世上独一物二的事物 thethe sunsun(skysky/moon/moon/earth/earth/world/world/nature/nature/universeuniverse)4 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物单数名词连用表示一类事物,如如:thethe dollardollar 美元美元;TheThe lionlion isisa a wildwild animal.animal.或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:thethe richrich/poor/poor/blind/bl
5、ind/agedaged/livingliving/impossibleimpossible5 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词 onlyonly,very,very,samesame 等前面等前面:I I livelive onon thethe secondsecond floor.floor.6 6)用在表示身体部位的名词前:)用在表示身体部位的名词前:SheShe caughtcaught meme byby thethe arm.arm.7 7)用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前:SheShe playsplays
6、thethe pianopiano violinviolin guitarguitarinin thethe northnorth ofof ChinaChina8 8)用在普通名词构成专有名词前:)用在普通名词构成专有名词前:thethe PeoplesPeoples RepublicRepublic ofof ChinaChinathethe UnitedUnited StatesStatesthethe GreatGreat WallWallthethe SummerSummer PalacePalace9)9)用在姓氏的复数名词之前用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人表示一家人:thet
7、he GreensGreens areare playingplaying thethepiano.piano.10)10)inin thethe day,day,inin thethe morningmorning(afternoon(afternoon,evening),evening),inin thethemiddlemiddle(of),(of),inin thethe end,end,allall thethe timetimeatat thethe samesametimetimeonon thethe whole,whole,byby thethe way,way,gogo t
8、oto thethe cinemacinemaatat hehe ageageofof sixsixatat thethe beginningbeginning ofof thethe twenty-firsttwenty-first centurycenturyonon thetheotherother sideside ofofatat thethe momentmomentthethe dayday afteraftertomorrowtomorrowthethe dayday beforebefore yesterday,yesterday,thethe nextnext mornin
9、g,morning,ininthethe skysky(water(water,fieldfield,country)country)inin thethe dark,dark,inin thethe rain,rain,2.2.不用定冠词的情况不用定冠词的情况1)1)国名国名,人名前通常不用定冠词人名前通常不用定冠词:ChinaChina,EuropeEurope欧洲欧洲 LeiLei FengFeng 雷雷锋锋2 2)物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;当表示特定)物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词的意思时,需要加定冠词 Failu
10、reFailure isis thethe mothermother ofof success.success.失败失败乃成功之母。乃成功之母。3 3)在季节、月份、节日、)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;不加冠词;ChildrenChildrens s DayDayMotherMothers s DayDayFatherFathers sDayDay4 4)在称呼或表示官衔在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词职位的名词前不加冠词;HeHe isis captaincaptain ofof thetheteam.team
11、.5 5)在三餐在三餐、四季四季,球类运动球类运动、学科学科、娱乐运动的名称前娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词不加冠词 如如:havehave breakfastbreakfast/supper/supper/lunchlunch,playplay basketballbasketball/footballfootball/volleyballvolleyball/chesschess,inin spring/summer/spring/summer/autumn/autumn/winterwinter6 6)当当 byby 与火车等交通工具连用与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时表示一种方式时,中
12、间无冠词中间无冠词;byby bus/bus/train/train/taxi/taxi/bus/bus/shipship7 7)DayDay andand nightnightfaceface toto facefacesideside byby sidesidestepstep bybystepstepwatchwatch TVTVatat schoolschool/workwork/homehomeatat first/first/lastlastinin dangerdangerinin troubletroubleonon footfootonon dutydutyononwatch
13、watchinin bedbedonon timetimeinin timetimegogo toto schoolschoolgogo totoworkworkbyby taxitaxi/bikebikeatat noonnoonatat nightnightonon TVTVatat towntown3.3.部分词组有无冠词的区别部分词组有无冠词的区别inin hospitalhospital 生病住院生病住院 inin thethe hospitalhospital 在医院里在医院里inin frontfront ofof 在在-的前面的前面 inin thethe frontfront
14、 ofof 在在-内部的前面内部的前面gogo toto schoolschool 上学上学 gogo toto thethe schoolschool 到学校去到学校去a a numbernumber ofof=a a lotlot ofof 许多,谓语动词用复数。许多,谓语动词用复数。TheThe numbernumber ofof-的数目,的数目,-的总数,的总数,谓语动词用单数(第三人谓语动词用单数(第三人称单数)称单数)名词名词:专有名词和普通名词专有名词和普通名词(个体名词个体名词、集体名词集体名词、物质名词物质名词、抽象名抽象名词)词)可数名词的单数变复数可数名词的单数变复数一般
15、情况加一般情况加 s s以以 s,s,x x shsh ch,ch,等结尾的词等结尾的词加加-es-esbus-busesbus-buseswatch-watcheswatch-watches以以 o o 结尾的名词,无生命结尾的名词,无生命的加的加 s s,如:,如:photo-photosphoto-photos piano-pianospiano-pianos 有生命的有生命的 eses,如:,如:potato-potatoespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoestomato-tomatoes均可,如:均可,如:zero-zeroszero-zeros/zeroe
16、szeroes以以 f f 或或 fefe 结尾的名词结尾的名词,去去 f,f,fefe 加加 vesves,如如:half-halveshalf-halvesknife-knivesknife-knivesleaf-leavesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswolf-wolves wife-wiveswife-wiveslife-liveslife-livesthief-thievesthief-thieves(加(加 s s,如:,如:belief-beliefsbelief-beliefsroof-roofsroof-roofs safe-safessafe-safesgu
17、lf-gulfsgulf-gulfs;);)以辅音字母以辅音字母+y+y 结结尾的词,变尾的词,变 y y 为为 i i,再加,再加 esesbaby-babiesbaby-babies不规则:不规则:a.a.单单复数形式一样。复数形式一样。Sheep,Sheep,deer,deer,Chinese,Chinese,Japanese.Japanese.People,People,police,police,scissors,scissors,trouserstrousersb.b.其他的。其他的。footfootfeetfeettooth-teethtooth-teethchildchildc
18、hildrenchildren mouse-micemouse-miceman-menman-men woman-womenwoman-womenbusinessmanbusinessman-businessmen-businessmenGerman-GermansGerman-Germanswomenwomen doctorsdoctors集体名词集体名词:People,People,police,(police,(一般表示一个整体,谓用复数一般表示一个整体,谓用复数)class,class,family,family,glassesglasses不可数名词:不可数名词:常见的不可数名词有常
19、见的不可数名词有:information,information,news,news,roomroom(空间空间),work,work,work,work,weather,weather,advice,advice,breadbread,food,food,milk,milk,tea,tea,ice,ice,glasses,glasses,meatmeatA A little,little,a a bitbit of,of,some,some,much,much,a a lotlot of,of,quitequite a a lotlot ofof 常常修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词.不可数名词
20、作主语,谓语动词用单数。不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如果如果用用anand d连接两个不可数名词作主语时连接两个不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数。TimeTime andandmoneymoney are-are-A Acupglassbottleboxkilogroupcupglassbottleboxkilogroup crowdclasspaircrowdclasspair ofofTwoTwo andand a a halfhalf kiloskilos ofof=twotwo kiloskilos andand a a halfhalf ofof名词所有格名词所
21、有格在英语中有些名词可以加在英语中有些名词可以加ss来表示所有关系,带这种来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a a teachersteachers bookbook。名词所。名词所有格的规则如下:有格的规则如下:1 1)单数名词词尾加单数名词词尾加ss,复数名词词尾没有复数名词词尾没有 s s,也要加也要加 ss ,如如 thetheboysboys bagbag,mensmens roomroomChildrenChildrens s DayDayMotherMothers sDayDayFatherFathers s Day
22、Day2 2)若名词已有复数词尾若名词已有复数词尾-s-s,只加,只加,如:,如:TeachersTeachersDayDayladiesladies roomroomtwentytwenty minutesminutes walkwalk3 3)凡不能加凡不能加ss的名词,都可以用的名词,都可以用 名词名词+of+of+名词名词 的结构来表示所的结构来表示所有关系,如:有关系,如:thethe titletitle ofof thethe songsong 歌的名字歌的名字;A A picturepicture ofof family;family;a a mapmap ofof China
23、China4 4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:出现它所修饰的名词,如:thethe barbersbarbers 理发店。理发店。5 5)如果两个名词并列如果两个名词并列,并且分别有并且分别有ss,则表示则表示 分别有分别有;只有一个只有一个ss,则表示则表示 共有共有。JohnsJohns andand MarysMarys roomroom(两间两间)JohnJohn andand MarysMarysroomroom(一间)(一间)6 6)复合名词或短语复合名词或短语,ss 加在
24、最后一个词的词尾加在最后一个词的词尾。如如:a a monthmonth oror twostwosabsenceabsence7 7)双重所有格双重所有格a a friendfriend ofof minemine/hershers/hishis/theirstheirsa a friendfriendofof MaryMarys s mothermothers s代词代词、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词I Imememymymineminemyselfmyselfyouyou youyouyouryouryourselfyourself(yourselves)(
25、yourselves)hehehimhimhishishishishimselfhimselfshesheherherherherhershersherselfherselfitititititsitsitsitsitselfitselfweweususourouroursoursourselvesourselvestheytheythemthemtheirtheirtheirstheirsthemselvesthemselves人称顺序人称顺序 you,you,he,he,she,she,I I;we,we,you,you,theythey主格作主语主格作主语;宾格作宾语宾格作宾语,动词和介
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