语法填空和短文改错--介词(6页).doc

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1、-第 1 页语法填空和短文语法填空和短文改错改错-介词介词-第 2 页语法填空语法填空和短文改错和短文改错介词介词一一.高考感知高考感知1.But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unitcaring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2.Most of us are more foc

2、used _ our tasks in the morning than we are later inthe day.3.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat _ their hands.4.The mother continued to care for the young panda_ more than two years.5.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away_ car and offers all thescenery of the better-know

3、n city.6.Suddenly I saw a faint light _ the distance.I waved my white scarf as hardas possible.二提分技法二提分技法.“是否宾语是否宾语”作依据作依据介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或者 what 从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且他们在句中不作主语、表语和动词的宾语，则要考虑介词。2.“四种方法四种方法”来确定来确定（1）根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系。（2）根据语境含义结合介词的用法。（3）根据特殊的结构关系。（如接复合宾语就只能用 with或 without）(4)根据介词与动

4、词等的搭配。三考点归纳三考点归纳考点一考点一 相近介词如何辨析相近介词如何辨析1.after 和 in:二者均表示在某一段时间之后，但该时段的起点不同。(1)in：以此刻为起点的将来一个时段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用。(2)after:A.与表示一段时间的词连用，常与过去时态的谓语动词连用，这时相当于“一段时间+later”。e.g.He left home and went to the front after two days./two days later.B与表示时间点的词连用，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用。e.g.Ill go and see her after three oc

5、lock.易错误区：易错误区：“in the past”意为“在过去”，与过去时态的谓语动词连用。e.g.In the past,no villagers dared do that.“in the past/last+时间段”意为“在过去地中/内”表示从现在算起过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。e.g.In the past/last few years,great changes have taken place in this village.2表示空间和方位的介词across,over,through,pastacross:“横穿，穿越”表示运动发生在物体的表面。-

6、第 3 页over:意为“跨过，越过”表示运动发生在物体的上方。through:意为“穿过，通过”表示运动发生在某物的内部。past:意为“从旁边经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。3.表示工具、手段、方式的介词(1)by,in,on三词都表示出行方式。A.by:表示“乘坐交通工具”或“通过方式”（涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词需须用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语）by sea,by train,by water,by ship 等。B.旅行方式涉及到确定的交通工具时，用 on或 in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语，如：travel to New York in this pl

7、anego to school on my bike温馨提示：温馨提示：表示步行、骑马等均可用 on，如 on foot,on a horse,on the camel(2).with,by,in,through 几词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。A.with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官等，其后的名词多被冠词、无物主代词修饰。e.g.We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.B.by,on,through 等多用于无形的工具或方式手段。如 by hand,on the telephone,throu

8、gh the telescopeC.in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料、原料等的词。in ink,in French,in cash.(3).表达“用方法/方式”时in this/that/the same wayby this/that means,by means of.with this/that.method单句填空练习单句填空练习 1：1.But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter pe

9、rmitted.2.Most of us are more focused_ our tasks in the morning than we are later in theday.3.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat_ their hands.4.The mother continued to care for the young panda _more than two days.5.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _car and offers all

10、 thescenery of the better-known city.6.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby_ other food andmade cheese and butter for the family with what was left.7.OK.Dont laugh _ me.I may look funny.单句填空练习单句填空练习 2：1.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on_ top floor.2.

11、Now,years later,this river is one of _ most outstanding examples ofenvironmental cleanup.3.The poor officer was left with_ fast decision to make.4.I have _ affection for cooking with coconut milk and also fried food.-第 4 页5.I did have to go,but I can show you _ reason why Istayed6.After lunch,she ki

12、ndly asked me if she could give me_ ride to somewhere.考点二：介词易错点有哪些？（结合短文改错中介词的多用，漏考点二：介词易错点有哪些？（结合短文改错中介词的多用，漏用）用）1.及物动词后误加介词：及物动词后误加介词：（1）serve 为服务，如 serve people,serve 后不加 for（2）marry 和某人结婚,如 marry sb.,marry 后不加 with 和 to.（3）enter 进入，加入，如 enter the room,enter后不加 into.（4）approach 接近，靠近，如 approach t

13、he town,approach 后不加 to.（5）contact 与联系，如 contact sb.,contact 后不加 with.（6）lack 缺乏如 lack water,lack 后不加 of,短语 a lack of 中的 lack 是名词。（7）discuss 讨论，如 discuss the problem,discuss 后不加 about.（8）appreciate 感激，如 appreciate sth.appreciate 后不加 for.（9）emphasize强调 如 emphasize the importance of the problem,emphas

14、ize后不加 on.（10）mention提到，如 mention the thing,mention 后不加 about.（11）reach 到达 如 reach someplace,reach 后不加 to.（12）help 帮助，如 help sb,help 后不加 with.2.不及物动词漏加介词不及物动词漏加介词(1)“敲门”是 knock at the door.(2)“回答问题”是 reply to the question(3)“同意你的观点”agree with you(4)“听某事”是 listen to(5)“到达某地”是 arrive at/in/on someplac

15、e,arrive home.(6)“担心某人某事”是 worry about/over sb./sth.worry sb.意为“使某人担心”。3.其他常见错误：其他常见错误：（1）表示“上周末”last Sunday,其前不加 on.温馨提示：温馨提示：当时间名词前被 this,that,last,next,some,every 等词限定时，其前通常不用任何介词。（2）表示“去那里”用 go there,there 为副词，go 后加具体的地点名词时才 to.考点三、改错题里有将介词去掉的情况，那么介词在哪些情况下可考点三、改错题里有将介词去掉的情况，那么介词在哪些情况下可以省略？（结合短文改

16、错题）以省略？（结合短文改错题）一般来说，短文改错中会有一处需要去掉，而去掉的往往是介词、冠词等虚词。以下是介词常省略的情况：1.当表示是时间的词前有 this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all 等限定时，介词常省略。2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一”解时，前面不用介词。3.习惯搭配中介词的省略。spend some time(in)doing sth.waste some time(in)doing sth.-第 5 页have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sthbe busy(in)doing sth

17、.stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth.等。巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Nearly five years ago,and with the help by our father,my sister and I plannedsome cherry tomatoes.2.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.3.Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.4.My old cl

18、assroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were madefrom glass.5.Please help with me and give me some advice.6.If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead yououtside.7.We appreciate your apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure agood

19、way of settling the matter.考点四：短文改错常设错误类型之多词和缺词考点四：短文改错常设错误类型之多词和缺词短文改错技巧短文改错技巧 1-多词错误多词错误多词错误主要涉及英语中的一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级 more 等。具体说来，多词错误可能涉及的问题（1）及物动词后接宾语时误加介词，（2）在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号 to,（3）在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词，（4）在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加 in,on,for 等，（5）误加一些导致语义重复的小词（如 two 与 both连用，all 与

20、 whole 连用等）（6）在本身已是比较级的词前误加 more,（7）在不是从句的地方误加从句引导词，（8）在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”（如冠词、介词、副词等）.例题：例题：1.As soon as we arrived,so we dropped the lines into the water.2.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.3.Otherwise,it is impossible for him to help each other

21、and to make their friendshipto last long.4.Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky-they were looked likerain.5.Here I am in the middle of a city,350 miles far away from our farmhouse.6.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.7.Although weve been de

22、lighted to have you as neighbors,were hoping to settlesomething that bores to us.8.Suddenly Mary,my best friend,asked me to let her to copy my answers.9.My soccer coach retired in last week.10.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.11.Kate was covered it with a lot of Christma

23、s light.-第 6 页12.You are very more beautiful than before.短文改错技巧短文改错技巧 2缺词错误缺词错误与多词错误的情形相似，漏词漏词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词（尤其是 it）、动词 be、物主代词等。具体说来，漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：(1)不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词，(2)在该带不定式符号 to 的地方漏加 to,(3)在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词（尤其是漏加不定冠词）(4)漏掉表特指的定冠词，(5)漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be;漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be，(6)漏加一些

24、常用结构或表达中的介词（如 because of中的 of），(7)漏掉某些从句的“引导词”（通常会导致意义不通）例题：例题：1.So really friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.2.He wanted teach me about animal,insects and trees.3.As result,the plants are growing everywhere.4.He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town,he w

25、asstrong and powerful.5.This custom soon became another meal of day.6.Finally,there were a sudden pull at the pool and fish was caught.7.Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with yousome of the problems I have been experiencing.8.I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.9.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.10.The man is sitting next his son.11.He found difficult to learn math well.12.Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happily.13.He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.