考研英语核心词汇(名师肖克整理).docx
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1、考研阅读核心词汇篇词汇的形式上的微观区别第一级1. adherence 和 adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如:His adherence to the strict letter of the law. adhesion是指物质上的。2. adjacent, adjoining, 和 contiguous这些词都有next to “紧挨”的意思。adjacent ”毗邻的,邻近的”,但它们可能并不相互直接接触。adjoining和contiguous指相互接触,通常之间有一个edge或boundaryo3. admission 和 admit
2、tance它们都有the act of entering”的意思。但admission用于公共场合。The price of admission to the gallery is5.admittance不指公共场合,一般指私人的住所。4. adopted 和 adoptiveadopted “收养的,过继的”an adopted son (daughter)养子(女);my adopted countryy我所入籍的国家;adopted words外来语。adoptive 收养的,我们说 adoptive parents,但很少说 adoptive child;“采用的”,假冒的an ado
3、ptive courage假充勇敢。5. averse 和 adverseadverse 不利的,反对的“,用于事,不用于人。adverse weather conditions ;an adverse reaction.averse ”嫌恶的,反对的,不乐意的”,常和“to” 一起使用,而且用否定形式。6. advise 和 adviceadvise 劝告(动词);advice “劝告”(名词)。7. affect 和 effectaffect 影响,它的第二个意思是“假装,Though she affectesindifference, I knew she was really very
4、 upset.effect n. “结果”,“效力”。“产生”,“导致”,它比“tocause, to bring out” 更为正式。His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.8. all ready alreadyall ready 意思是 completely prepared,already 已经。He had already had his lunch.9. altogether all togetheraltogether (in total) “总共”all together 意思是 “in a g
5、roup。如:We put the sheep all together in one field. 这两个词还可以分开。We put all the sheep together in one field.10. allude 和 eludeallude “暗指”,“暗示”,“(婉转)提到。elude (to avoid or escape) “闪避,躲避。如:to elude sib s grasp 逃脱,没有被逮住;to elude the law规避法律。The meaning eludes me.那个意义我摸不透。11. illusion 和 delusionillusion 幻觉,
6、错觉be under no illusion about sth.对某事不存幻想。 delusion ”欺骗,迷惑He suffers from the delusion that hes attractive to women. 他糊里糊涂地认为自己对女人很有吸引力。12. amended 和 emendamended (to alter or add to something)“订正,改正“,“修正(议案等)“。an amended bill 修正案;amend one* s ways 改过自新。emend (to correct errors in)“校订。emend the text
7、of a book 校勘某书;He emended the typescript before sending it to the printers.在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。13. amicable 和 amiable这两个词都是指“友”的”意思。amicable “友好的,亲切的”指行为或情景。The discussions were amicable, though businesslike.讨论虽然是商业形式,但是友好的。amiable ”可爱的,和蔼可亲的Many people are afraid of him, though I found him to be perfectly
8、 amiable.虽然我发现他特别和蔼可亲,但还是有很多人害怕他。14. assent 和 ascentassent 可用作 “agreement “同意或 aagreew “同意”。ascent n.“上升,晋升。the ascent of mountain 登山。15. avert 和 avoidavert 防止,避免”。avoid 回避,逃避。avoid bad company 避免和坏人来往;I cannot avoid seeing him.我不能不见他。16. besides 和 besidebesides意思是uin addition to “加之,还有,另外;而beside ”
9、在旁边”, ”在侧J“ o Duncan is the tall man standing beside my father.站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。17. coherence 和 cohesioncoherence ”统一,一致性“;cohesion ”结合力,团结“。the cohesion of molecules 分子的结合力。18. compare with 和 compare tocompare with 和比起来”compare to 好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate,他把月亮比成一个大银盘。19. impel 和 c
10、ompelimpel ”推动,驱使,激励。impel sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事;compel 强迫,胁迫,迫使。compel sb. to one* s will强迫人服从自己。20. complement 和 complimentcomplement ”补足(物),补全”,“补足语”。compliment “恭维话,赞辞,敬意;Your presence is a great compliment.承蒙光临,不胜荣幸。21. confident 和 confidantconfident “深信,确信,自信”。confidant “心腹朋友”。She has no close
11、 confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.她没有知心朋友来帮助或是劝告她。22. continual 和 continuouscontinual ”连续,继续”;“频繁的:continual bouts of toothache一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous 连续(指从不间断的);We have had three weeks of continuous rain.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。23. might 和 couldmight 表明“possibility”。could 应该用来表明 ape
12、rmissionw . Mum said we could (might) go to the football match.24. council 和 counselcouncil ”议事机构”,委员会;a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel ”商议,劝告;follow sbs counsel close 牢记某人忠告。25. creditable 和 crediblecreditable ”声誉好的,可称许(赞扬)的;credible“可信的,可靠的“ Hes the only one without a credible alibi (辩解,托辞), 他是惟一一个没有
13、可信托辞的人。26. decisive 和 decideddecisive ”果断的,断然的“;decisive measures断然的措施。decided ”明确的,无疑的;a decided success明显的成功。27. defective 和 deficientdefective (having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。deficient (lacking in what is needed)“不足的;be deficient in 欠缺。28. definite 和 definitivedefinite (certain or clear, not vague
14、)明确的,一定的”。definitive (authoritative, that cannot be improved)”限定的,决定性的,最后的;definitive host 宿主;definitive organs 定形器官;definitive sentence 最后判决。29. dependant 和 dependentdependant n. (one who depends on another for support)受赡养者。dependent adj.“依靠的,依赖的;Hes still dependent on state benefit. The rate of re
15、lief is dependent on one, s income.30. discreet 和 discretediscreet ”考虑周到的,慎重的”。discrete ”分离的,分裂的“;On closer examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors.31. distinctive 和 distinctdistinctive “有特色的”,“独特的”;distinct 清楚的,明显的;a distinct smell of alcohol on his
16、 breath; the distinctive stripes of the zebra.32. dual 和 dueldual “二重的;dual personality 双重人格;dual control 双重管辖;duel ”决斗,竞争“:fight a duel with sb.与某人决斗;challenge sb. to a duel 向某人提出决斗;a duel of wits斗智33. eatable 和 edibleeatable a. “可食用的,可吃的”;n.“食物、食品”。edible a.适合食用的,可以吃的”;n. “食品”。在指吃的时候二者可通用:The toas
17、t was burnt and barely eatablc/edible.但在其他情况下不样。If something is eatable, it may be eaten (though it may not be safe or desirable to do so); but, if something is edible it is safe to eat.34. economical 和 economiceconomic ”经济学的,经济上的an economic survey of Scotland苏格兰经济调查;an economic blockade经济封锁;economi
18、cal ”节俭的,经济的”; Hes had to learn to be more economical now that his only income is a small pension.35. evoke 和 invokeevoke 唤起,引起“;evoke admiration 引起羡慕。invoke 祈求(神灵)保佑,乞灵于“,行使(法权);The shaman invokes the spirits of their ancestors. If our case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European D
19、eclaration on Human Rights.36. fatal 和 fatefulfatalw causing death or disaster “致命的“ ;a fatal disease 不治之症;a fatal wound致命伤。fatefulw crucial, significant, deciding one, s fatew ”重大的,“决定性的, 决定命运的“;On that one fateful day in October, millions of pounds were wiped off the value of shares.37. fictional
20、和 fictitiousfictional ”虚构的,小说的“。fictitious 虚构的,编造的” (denotes something that is not real and has been created with the intention of deceiving others); He gave the police a fictitious name.38. historical 和 historichistorical ”有关历史的,历史的,the historical period历史阶段: historical personage 历史人物。historic ”历史上
21、有名的,有历史意义的,historic town历史名城。39. impassable 和 impassible impassable ”不能通行的,不可逾越的”;an impassable swam不能通行的沼泽地。impassible “不感疼痛的;无动于衷的;an impassible God无动于衷的神。40. infer 和 implyinfer ”猜想,臆测“,推断;infer a motive from an effect从效果推知动机。imply 含有的意思“;Do you realize what his words imply?你领会他说话的含意吗? I do not im
22、ply that you are wrong.我的意思不是说你错了。41. impractical 和 impracticable (not sensible or efficient or not actually possible) “不切实际的,不现实的”。impracticable (not able to be done or used) “不能实行的,彳亍不通的“;With a river on one side and a steep drop on the other, it is impracticable to widen the road.42. incredible 和
23、 incredulousincredible “不可相信的,难以置信的;incredible energy惊人的能量,精力。incredulous 不相信的,表示怀疑的;be incredulous of hearsay不相信道听途说;an incredulous look 怀疑的目光。43. ingenious 和 ingenuousingenious ”机灵的;an ingenious mind 机灵的头脑;an ingenious machine 精巧的机器。ingenuous ”直率的,坦白的”。44. intense 和 intensiveintense ”激烈的,强烈的”,“紧张的
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