2022年湖南公共英语考试真题卷10测.docx

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1、2022年湖南公共英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题（共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意）1. How do the scientists measure the pitchA. According to the movement and vibrations of hot gassesB. The trade winds blow on EarthC. The riversD. The sound travel through the spac

2、e2. In this section you wi 11 hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen careful ly and then answer the questions that fol low. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.3. The dark smoke that comes out of stacks or from a burning dump contains tiny bits of sol id or liquid matte

3、r. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us ill. Air po11ution can spread from city to city. It even spread

4、s from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had black snow from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is real ly a global problem. Air pol Iution can ki 11 babies, older peopIe , and those who have

5、respiratory （呼吸道的）diseases. In London, in 1952, four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the smal I town of Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty peopIe died in a four-day period of bad air pollution. At I eve I s often found in cities, air po11ution i

6、ncreases the risks of certain lung diseases, such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors he I p to cause these i I Inesses, too, but these cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pollution can cause both airplane and

7、 auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to b

8、e born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how al I the many chemicaIs we are apt to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control

9、pollution now instead of waiting unti I we learn al I the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soi Is and corrodes our bui Idings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of al I this damage to our government is astronomical. It woul

10、d be much more worthwhi Ie, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dol lars on air pollution control.The author mentions peopIe dying of air poI Iution in .A. IllinoisB. PennsylvaniaC. New JerseyD. Washington4.5. By nowf it shouId come as no surprise when scientists discover yet anoth

11、er case of exper ience changing the brain. From the sensory i nformat i on we absorb to the movements we make, our I i ves I eave footpr i nts on the bumps and fissures of our cortex, so much so that experiences can alter “hard-wired” brain structures. Through rehab, stroke patients can coax a regio

12、n of the motor cortex on the opposite side of the damaged region to pinch-hit, restoring lost mobiIity; volunteers who are bIindfIded for just five days can reprogram their visual cortex to process sound and touch. Still, scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the Ianguage we speak, th

13、e values we absorbshapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To take one recent examp Ie, a reg i on beh i nd the forehead called the med i a I prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we (we being the Americans in the study) think of

14、 our own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The me circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themseIves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overl

15、ap between self and mom. Depending whether one I ives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes on quite different functions. Cultural neuroscience, n as this new field is cal led, is about discovering such diff

16、erences. Some of the findings, as with the me/mom circuit, buttress Iongstanding notions of cuIturaI differences. For instance, it is a cultural cl ich6 that Westerners focus on individuaI objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individuaIism-c

17、oI Iectivism split). Sure enough, when shown comp I ex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-As i an Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more act i vity in areas that process f i gure-ground re I at i ons-ho I ist ic context -while the Americans showed more activity in reg

18、ions that recognize objects. Psycho Iog i st Nai ini Ambady of Tufts found someth i ng similar when she and col leagues showed drawings of peopIe in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain s dopamine-fueIed

19、reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer s culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question. Cultural neuroscience wouldn t be making waves if it found neurobio Iogical

20、bases only for we I I-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3+ 4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both

21、use Arabic numerals. The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spat i a I i nf ormat i on and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus). But Engl ish speakers use Ianguage circuits. It is as if the West Conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them wi

22、th symbol ic, spatial freight. n0ne would think that neural processes invoIving basic mathematicaI computations are universal, M says Ambady, but they “seem to be culture-specific.” Not to be the skunk at this party, but I think it s important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than w

23、e already know from, say, anthropology. For instance, it s we 11 known that East As i an cu I tures prize the co 11 ect i ve over the i nd i v i dua I, and that Americans do the opposite. Ambady thinks cultural neuroscience does advance understanding. Take the me/mom f inding, which, she argues, att

24、ests to the strength of the overlap between self and peopIe close to you in co 11 ect i v i st i c cultures and the separation in individual istic cultures. It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain. Especially when it shows how fundamenta I cultural differences are-so fundament

25、a I, perhaps, that universal not i ons such as human r i ghts, democracy, and the I ike may be no such thing.We can know from the first paragraph that.A. the assumption that human experience can change human brain structure has already been widely provedB. human experience can change brain structure

26、C. stroke patients can restore mobility by themselvesD. people blindfolded for several days can still have visual ability6. Announcer: Hello and welcome to today’s show, Liuda’s Garden. Today, we’11 be interviewing Linda on her amazing techniques at growing a square -foot garden. M

27、ike: Good morning and my name is Mike, and I have a special guest today, Linda. Linda, you truly have an amazing garden. Could you let us know how you’re kind of putting this togetherLinda: Well, thank you, Mike. I have tried various attempts at gardening and with different, urn, degrees of su

28、ccess. This spring I took a square - foot gardening class, and I decided to try some of the things l’ve learned. Urn, one of the most important things in square - foot gardening is that you choose a good location. You need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunshine. Urn, you also need to choose

29、a Iocation that has good drainage, and it shouId be a convenient Iocation. A garden is a lot more fun if you are walking by and seeing it al I the time. Urn, you need to decide what kind of containers you want, or, in my ease, I used boxes, urn, wooden boxes, and then I divided them up into one -foo

30、t squares. And then just decided what I wanted to plant, and based on what the final plant would look I ike, I had 1 per square, or maybe 3 per, um, 3 or 4 per square, 12 per square. Mike: Well, Linda, l’m, l’m . . . truly amazed at kind of the architecture of this garden. I’ve not

31、iced these vertical beams. I’ve never seen that before. Cou I d you exp lain that to us a I itt Ie bitLi nda: Well, for examp I e, right here we have some, urn, cantaIoupe, and cantaIoupe take a lot of space when you grow them out on the ground, and I don’t have that much space, and so,

32、l’ve just grow them up. Just grow them vertically. I’ve just made, urn, a metal frame, and taken some strings, I just allow them to grow up, and they wi 11 support themselves, the cantaIoupe will. And al I kinds of different vines you can do this with. Mike: This is truly amazing. I noti

33、ced this garden, a vast amount of vegetat i on. Can you exp lain to me what you have growing in this gardenLinda: Wei I over on the far end, I have tomatoes growing verticaI Iy. In front of those I have, urn, green peppers, basiI, strawberries, uh, beets, urn, green beans, corn, carrots, al I kinds

34、of different vegetables I ike that. Right here, as I said before, I have, urn, cantaloupe. Down at the bottom, I have some Mex i can tomatoes cal led tomat i 11 os. And down at th i s end, I have egg p I ant, another k i nd of pepper cal led banana peppers, urn, cucumbers, okra, pumpk ins. and think

35、 that&r squo; s about it. Mike: Well, Linda, this is truly amazing. I’m so impressed, and I know out viewers wi11 be impressed about this, this, this exceI I ent garden. Just truly amazing. I’d I ike to thank you very much for having us in today to look at your garden Thank you, Mike. In

36、 a few minutes, viewers, we wi 11 let you see the entire garden, and maybe Linda wi 11 kind of show you around. So, we thank you very much for being with us today, and our spec i a I guest, Linda. Have a nice day.What is the main benefit of developing a square - foot garden().A. You can grow vegetab

37、Ies vertically.B. You can raise plants in a confined area.C. You can plant a wide variety of plants together.D. You can make a lot of profit.7. We should- when we want to glimpse inside the sun.A. answer questions about its temperatureB. translate the sounds into imagesC. know how gases inside ebb a

38、nd flowD. measure the pitch8. The dark smoke that comes out of stacks or from a burning dump contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us f

39、rom seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us ill. Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had Hblack snoww from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and ha

40、ve fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people , and those who have respiratory （呼吸道 的）diseases. In London, in 1952, four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the small town of

41、Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty people died in a four-day period of bad air pollution. At levels often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases, such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but the

42、se cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pollution can cause both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don t know much about. For example, scientists are tryin

43、g to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals we are apt to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines ac

44、t together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soils and corrodes our buildings. It damages farm crops and forest

45、s. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is astronomical. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control.Air pollution causes airplane accidents because .A. pi lots beco

46、me i11B. visibiIity is reducedC. engines fail.D. the air is too hot9. Joseph Machiis says that the blues is a native American musical and verse form, with no direct European and African antecedents of which we know. In other words, it is a blending of both traditions. Something special and entirely

47、different from either of its parent traditions. (Although Alan Lomax cites some examples of very similar songs having been found in Northwest Africa, particularly among the Wolof and Watusi) The word blue, has been associated with the idea of melancholia or depression since the Elizabethan era. The

48、American writer, Washington Irving is credited with coining the term, the blues, 9 as it is now defined, in 1807. The earlier (almost entirely Negro) history of the blues musical tradition is traced through oral tradition as far back as the 1860s. When African and European music first began to merge

49、 to create what eventually became the blues, the slaves sang songs filled with words telling of their extreme suffering and privation. One of the many responses to their oppressive environment resulted in the field holler. The field holler gave rise to the spiritual, and the blues, nnotable among all human works of art for their profound despair. They gave voice to the mood of alienation and anomie that prevailed in the construction camps of