2021年宁夏高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx

《2021年宁夏高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021年宁夏高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx（65页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2021年宁夏高考英语总复习:阅读理解1.POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes Grand Prizes： Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round - trip air

2、tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. First Prizes： The book Sky Pioneer： A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 0 Honorable Mentions： Judges will choose up to

3、50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T - shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. Y

4、ou may use both the front and back of the paper. On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.(1) How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six.(2) Wha

5、t will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket.B. A book by Corinne Szabo.C. A special T - shirt.D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.(3) Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out.B. Writing a poem of 120 words.C. Using both sides of the paper.D. Ma

6、iling your entry on October 30.2. Some developed countries in the world have begun to shorten working hours. Japan, on the other hand, has been in the culture of overwork. The problem is so severe that the country has even created a term for it： karoshi, which means death by overwork from stress - i

7、nduced illnesses or severe depression. If the system of four - day workweek is tested in Japan, what will happen?A growing number of smaller companies are adopting a four - day workweek. Now the results of a recent trial at Microsoft (MSFT) suggest it could work even for the biggest businesses.The c

8、ompany introduced a program this summer in Japan called the “Work Life Choice Challenge, ” which shut down its offices every Friday in August and gave all employees an extra day off each week.The results were promising ： While the amount of time spent on work was cut dramatically, productivity - mea

9、sured by sales per employee - went up by almost 40% compared to the same period the previous year, the company said in a statement last week.In addition to reducing working hours, managers urged the staff to cut down on the time they spent in meetings and responding to emails.They suggested that mee

10、tings should last no longer than 30 minutes. Employees were also encouraged to cut down on meetings altogether by using an online messaging app (Microsofts, of course).The effects were widespread. More than 90% of Microsofts 2, 280 employees in Japan later said they were impacted by the new measures

11、, according to the company. By shutting down earlier each week, the company was also able to save on other resources, such as electricity.(1) Why is the idea four - day workweek tested in Japan? A. Because overwork has caused serious problems.B. Because the offices must be shut down on Friday.C. Bec

12、ause the staff can get extra days to rest easily.D. Because smaller companies have taken the measure.(2) Whafs the result of adopting a four - day workweek? A. It is a waste of energy.B. The workers earned less money.C. The working efficiency increases greatly.D. Japans unemployment rate is barely r

13、ising.(3) How can the time the staff spent on meetings be reduced ? A. By cancelling meetings.B. By using emails to respond.C. By cutting down working hours.D. By using a certain online messaging app.(4) What is the staffs attitude to the new measures? A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Critical.D. Indiff

14、erent.3. Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $ 300 million and forestry program,at a time when anincreasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset (碳偿)plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon, including large

15、 forests in the Netherlands and Spain, and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell as well as a way to meet is climate ta

16、rgets. We believe that over time we will be building a business, because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited, they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint （碳排放）by 2 - 3 percent in five years, which includes emissions （排 放）from the produc

17、ts it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects, then sell these credits on to customers buying is oil and gas products, or apply the credits to is own operations to lower its carbon footprint.Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and oth

18、er natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However, the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics, as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. Shells move has also been criticized by some environmentalists. They worri

19、ed that there was a risk of green wash when companies invested in forestry projects. There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not, they said, pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation （滥伐森林） to another.Shell said it would rely on the

20、third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis, head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas, said, Planting trees to offset emissions, as far as it goes, is a step in the right direction.（1） What is popula

21、r among oil companies these days? A. Studying climate changes.B. Launching forestry programs.C. Working out carbon offset plans.D. Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.（2） How will Shell Company make profits from its carbon offset projects? A. By quitting the emissions of its products.B. By redu

22、cing its carbon footprint by a quarter.C. By limiting the oil used by its own operations.D. By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.(3) W hat concerns some environmentalists about forestry project? A. The projects can*t really stop carbon emissions.B. The projects are hard to monitor in

23、poor countries.C. The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.D. The projects havent met strict biodiversity requirements.(4) What does the underlined word green wash in paragraph 3 mean? A. Discount.B. Cheat.C. Decline.D. Change.4. Memories are stronger when the original experiences are

24、 accompanied by unpleasant smells, a team of researchers has found. The study broadens our understanding of what can drive Pavlovian responses (巴甫洛夫条件反射)and points to how negative experiences influence our ability to recall past events. These results prove that bad smells can lead to memory improvem

25、ent in both adolescents and adults, explains Catherine Hartley, an assistant professor in New York Universitys Department of Psychology (心理学)and the senior author of the paper, which appears in the journal Learning & Memory.The effect of negative experiences on memory has long been shown - and is fa

26、miliar to us. For example, if you are bitten by a dog, you may develop a negative memory of the dog that bit you. Because of the painful memory surrounding the bite, you are likely to have a stronger impression of it than your other past experiences with dogs.In order to better understand how learne

27、d negative experiences influence memory during this stage of development, the researchers designed a Pavlovian learning task for individuals aged 13 to 25. The task included the viewing of a series of images belonging to one of two kinds： objects and scenes. As the studys participants viewed the ima

28、ges, they wore a mask connected to a special equipment. While participants viewed images from one kind, unpleasant smells were sometimes sent through the piece of equipment to the mask； while viewing images from the other kind, air with no smell was used. This allowed the researchers to examine memo

29、ry for images connected with a bad smell as well as for description of related images.A day later, researchers tested the participants, memory fbr the images. Their findings showed that both adolescents and adults showed better memory for images paired with the bad smell 24 hours after they saw thes

30、e images. They also found that some individuals had larger responses at the point when they thought they would experience either a bad smell or clean air while viewing the image, no matter whether a smell was actually delivered. And those people were proved to have better memory. This suggests that

31、unpredictability (不可预测 性) or surprise was connected with the outcome leading to better memory.(1) What has a stronger influence on our memory according to the text? A. Painful experiences.B. An easy journey.C. Warm weather.D. A lovely toy.(2) Whats the function of the equipment connected to the mask

32、 in the research? A. To collect data.B. To show images.C. To provide bad smells.D. To protect the participants.(3) Whats the best title for the text? A. Bad smells lead to good memoriesB. Surprises improve peoples memoriesC. An important lesson on human memoriesD. The relationship between smells and

33、 memories5. In an attempt to win back old customers, restaurants and companies often introduce new menu items or new flavors. Most of these are successful with customers because they have always been researched and tested by companies before they meet the public. However, there are still some that a

34、re so unpopular with customers and they fail so badly as a product that they become infamous.One of the most well - known marketing failures happened in 1985 with New Coke, a soft drink created to replace the original Coca - Cola flavor. The Coca - Cola Company tested several new flavors and found t

35、hat people always preferred a sweeter soda. As a result,the CEO decided that the sweeter soda would replace the original Coca - Cola drink.Many customers, however, soon started to express their dissatisfaction with the new drink. The Coca - Cola Company received over 1,500 angry telephone calls ever

36、y day. The Coca - Cola Company actually employed special experts to talk to customers because they were so angry and sad about the change. Some Americans were buying old Coca - Cola drinks from overseas where the new drink had not yet been introduced. And in some parts of America people were so angr

37、y that they emptied bottles of New Coke into the street.So many people were unhappy with Coca - Colas new drink that the company decided only three months later to return to the old Coca - Cola drink. On July 10, 1985, the Coca -Cola Company said that it would bring back the old Coke and rename the

38、drink Coca - Cola Classic Why do companies usually introduce new menu items? A.To attract past customers.B. To attract new customers.C. To attract elderly customers.D. To attract customers with special needs. What is the difference between New Coke and the original one? A. New Coke is sweeter.B. New

39、 Coke is more acidic.C. New Cokes color is lighter.D. New Cokes bottle is bigger. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? * or *Coke Classic*.Thousands of customers phoned the company to express their support.Even today, business experts are interested in this case. Even though the Coca - Cola Company had

40、 carefully tested and experimented with New Coke before introducing it to customers, the New drink was still very unpopular. So, what did Coca - Cola do wrong? It seems the company simply did not understand customers* deep historical and emotional attachment to the drink.A. Why New Coke failed in Am

41、erica.B. The harm New Coke did to peoples health.C. How customers acted in answer to the introduction of New Coke.D. The comparison between sales of New Coke and the original one.(4) When was New Coke put on the market? A. In May 1985.B. In April 1985.C. In June 1985.D. In July 1985.(5) What is most

42、 likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. The reasons why New Coke succeeded overseas.B. The history of the Coca - Cola Company in the 1990s.C. The difference between New Coke and Coke Classic.D. The importance of peoples feelings about old products.6. If plastic had been invented wh

43、en the Pilgrims (清教徒移民)sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America - and the Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic - wrapped snacks - their plastic waste would likely still be around, four centuries later. If the Pilgrims had been like many people today and had simply thrown

44、their empty bottles and wrappers over the side, Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the worlds oceans today, waiting to be eaten by unfortunate fish, and eventually perhaps by one of us.Because plastic wasnt inven

45、ted until the late 19th century, and production really only took off around 1950, we have a mere 9. 2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a shocking 6.3 billion tons never made it to recycling facilities.No one knows how m

46、uch unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, Earths last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a university of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyones attention with a rough estimate： between 5.3 million and 14 million tons each year just from coastal regions. Most of it isnt thrown off ships,

47、 she and her colleagues say, but is dumped carelessly on land or in rivers, mostly in Asia. Its then blown or washed into the sea. It*s unclear how long it will take for that plastic to completely biodegrade (降 解). Estimates range from 450 years to never.Meanwhile， ocean plastic is estimated to kill

48、 millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly - - - strangled (勒死)by abandoned fishing nets. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from fish to whale, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one - fifth of an inch across. On Hawaiis Big Island, on a beach to which no paved road, I walked ankle - deep through mocroplastics. After that, I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as an approaching disaster, worth mentionin