上海市高考英语阅读理解思考教案上教版.docx

《上海市高考英语阅读理解思考教案上教版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《上海市高考英语阅读理解思考教案上教版.docx（52页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Oceanography has been defined as “The appl ication of all sciences to the study of the sea” .Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of i

2、t in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneat

3、h the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?w had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile（起伏形状）of the route to estimate the length

4、 of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings （测深）were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atla

5、ntic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was

6、 found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition （考察），which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of

7、samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.21. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on.A) an academic aspect an international as

8、pectC) a business aspectB) a military aspectD)22. It wasthat asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable23. The aim of the voyages Maury was r

9、esponsible for in the 1840s was .A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans24. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means , A) doubtedC) challengedB) g

10、ave proof toD)agreed to25. This passage is mainly about .A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communications根据以下文章回答21到25题。(25)海洋学被定义为“运用所有学科的知识对海洋进行研究。”在19世纪之前，对海洋感兴趣的科学家寥寥无几。当然，牛顿在他的写作中对海洋进行了一 些理

11、论上的探讨，但是他不愿意亲自去海上进一步深入他的研究。对大多数人们来说，大海是遥远的。除了早期的洲际旅行者和在海上谋生的人，没有多少人 会提出关于海洋的诸多问题，更不用说会有人问及在大海的表面下有什么东西了。(21)人们 第一次必须从商业角度回答“大海的底部有什么？ ”这个问题是在人们提议铺设欧洲和美洲 之间电缆的时候。工程师们必须知道铺设电缆路线的深度变化，来估计需要生产的电缆长度。(22) 1853年大西洋电报公司向美国海军的Maury求助以获得这方面的信息。(23)19世纪40 年代，Mauy曾经负责旨在鼓励人们对北大西洋和太平洋的深度进行探测的航海活动。后来， 他的一些研究结果被收录在

12、他的海洋自然地理学一书中，并引起了广泛的兴趣。电缆被铺设起来，但是直到1866年才被永久性接通并开始稳定使用。(24)在早期的多次尝试 中，电缆出现了故障，而当人们把它取出来修理时，才发现上面覆盖着活的生物体，这一事 实，对同时代的认为海洋的深处没有生命存在的科学理论提出了挑战。（25）海洋学在随后的几年之内开始发展起来。1872年Thomson领导了一次为期四年的科学考 察并从海洋中带回了数以千计的标本。科学家们花了很多年的时间对这些标本进行分类和分 析并写出了一份长达五卷的报告，最后一卷于1895年发表。21 .铺设欧洲和美洲之间电缆的提议使海洋学研究具有.A）学术的特征0商业的特征 B）

13、军事的特征 D）国际化的特征22 .在海洋学研究中，是 向Maury求助。A）美国海军B） 一些早期的洲际旅行者0在海上谋生的人D）提议铺设欧洲和美洲之间电缆的公司23. Maury负责的航海活动的目的是A）做一些海洋中的测深试验B）收集海洋动植物的样本0估测所需要的电缆的长度D）测量两大洋的深度24. 第五段中的“defied” 一词含义是” .A）怀疑 C）挑战 B）为提供证据 D）同意25. 这篇文章主要是关于.A）海洋学的开端B）第一条海底电缆的铺设0海洋深度的调查D）早期的洲际通讯答案：CDDCAQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the followin

14、g passage:Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester.

15、A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student wi 11 probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of

16、work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is ava

17、ilable for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students sti 11 find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of m

18、aintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain am

19、ount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend classes each week.A) 36C) 12B) 20D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed .

20、A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because A) their academic performance will affec

21、t their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because.A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of

22、their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem to be effective in .A） dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB） ensuring that the students observe un

23、iversity regulationsC） evaluating students performance by bringing them before a courtD） keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities根据以下文章回答26到30题。通常为了毕业，学生必须上够一定数量的课程，他所上的每门课程都会给他一定的学分，这 些学分可以累加，从而获得学位。在很多美国的大学里，要获得学位总共需要学习三十六门 课程，每门课程持续一个学期。（26） 一门典型的课程包括每周三节课，共持续十五周，并且 大学生每学期大概会上四到五门

24、课程。一般情况下，学生要在大学里上四年，每年两个学期。 攻读学位的学生可能将学习的时间延长。（27）也可能在学习过程中转到另一所大学，然而， 这种现象并不常见。（28）学生上的每门课程都会得到一个成绩，这个成绩会被记录下来，学生可以向未来的雇 主出示这成绩。所有这些都会给学生带来持久的压力和紧张的学业，尽管这样，有些学生 仍然有时间从事学生社团的活动。（30）被选举担任学生社团的职务会激发学生的极大热情。 给学校当局提供建议的学生往往能够卓有成效地承担起维持学校纪律的任务。任何被认为违 反学校规则的学生，比如说作弊的学生，将会被交给学生法庭处理。由于学生人数众多，这 样的组织的运行确实会涉及大

25、量的工作。（29）在这些组织中担任重要职务的学生很受尊敬并 且这种经历对他将来的职业生涯也大有裨益。26 .通常，一个学生每周要上次课。A） 36C） 12B） 20 D） 1527 .根据第一段，一个美国学生被允许.A）住在另一个大学里B）在另一所大学上某一门的课程0住在家里，开车上学D）从两个不同的大学获得两个学位28 .美国的大学生们通常面临着很大的学业压力是因为A）他们的学习成绩将会影响到他们未来的职业生涯B）他们较多地参与学生社团的活动0他们必须遵守大学的纪律D）他们想竞选一些重要的职位29 . 一些学生对于学生社团的一些职位很感兴趣可能是因为.A）他们痛恨持久的压力和紧张的学业B）

26、他们将会能够在大学里面呆更长的时间0这样的职位将有助于他们找到更好的工作D）这样的职位通常收入颇丰30 .学生社团在卓有成效。A）处理大学的学术事务B）确保学生遵守大学的纪律0通过把学生带上法庭来评估学生的表现D）保持学生对于社会活动的热情题目答案：BBACBQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage （不足

27、），hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel* s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional

28、 state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patients illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israe

29、l is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves adecentralized （分散的）nursing administration; every floor; every unit is a self

30、-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth IsraeT

31、 s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.21. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?A) The d

32、octor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patient* s health conditions every day.22. It can be inferred from t

33、he passage that .A) compared with other hospitals nurse at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of viewC) in most hospital nurse get low salariesD) compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israe

34、l Hospital23. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when .A) the present one is refused by the patientB) the patient complains about the present oneC) the present one proves to be ineffectiveD) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate24. The main difference between a nurse

35、-manager and a head nurse is that the formerA) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit* s nursesC) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD) has full responsibility in the administration of the units nurses2

36、5. The author* s attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is.A) negative C) neutralB) criticalD) positive根据以下文章回答21到25题。(25) Beth Israel医院的护理工作给病人提供了他们所需要的最好的护理。(22)如果我 们要解决护理不足的问题，每个地方的医院管理部门和医生们都可以仿效Beth Israel医院 的范例。在Beth Israel医院，每个病人都被指定一个主管护士负责，她详尽地和病人聊天并建立一 个全面的健康档案，该档案包括从病人的

37、病史到病人的情绪状态等各个方面。然后，主管护 士将会写一份以病人病情为核心内容的护理报告，当然这份报告也包括其它必要的一切情 况。主管护士在病人住院期间和病人呆在一起，记录病情发展状况并从医生那里寻求建议。(21)(23)在Beth Israel医院，如果一种治疗方法对病人不起作用，病人的主管护士常常会向 医生提议采纳另一种治疗方法。在Beth Israel医院，医生和主管护士之间是真正的同事关 系。Beth Israel医院的护理还包括一个分散的护理管理体系，每层楼、每个病房都是一个独立 的组织。（24）护理经理代替了护士长，她们除了完成自己的护理任务外，还负责聘用、解 聘以及对薪酬提出建议

38、。每个病房的护士们自行决定谁在何时值什么班。Beth Israel的护理部主任和医院的副院长属于同一级别，同时她也是医疗执行委员会的成 员，而在大多数的医院里，该委员会成员仅限于医生。21 .下列哪一项陈述最好的描述了 Beth Israel医院护理体系的主要特征？A）医生可以得到来自主管护士的更积极地专业支持。B）每一个病人都有一个主管护士日夜护理。0主管护士为每一个病人制订护理计划。D）主管护士记录每一个病人每天的健康状况。22 .从本文中可以推断出 oA）和其他医院的护士相比，Beth Israel医院的护士更加有耐心B）从专业的角度看，在大多数医院，对病人的护理都不足0在大多数医院，护

39、士的工资都很低D）和其他医院的护士相比，Beth Israel医院的护士要工作更长的时间23 .主管护士会向医生提议采纳另一种不同的治疗方法当.A）当前的医疗方法被病人拒绝B）病人抱怨当前的医疗方法0当前的医疗方法被证明是无效的D）发现病人不愿意合作24 .护理经理和护士长的主要区别在于前者。A）是医院执行委员会的成员B）必须安排病房护士的换班0可以做出关于病人治疗方法的决定D）全权负责病房护士的管理25 .作者对于Beth Israel医院的护理体制的态度是.A）否定的 C）批判的 B）中立的 D）肯定的题目答案：ABCDDQuestions 26 to 30 are based on th

40、e following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babiesand othercreatureslearn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had

41、 to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)”drives“ as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the worl

42、d with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward“ the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refu

43、se the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children，s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement

44、switched on“ a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papusek, s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the i

45、nteresting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would smile and bubble when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the pro

46、blem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.26 . According to the author, babies learn to do things which .A) are directly related to pleasure C) will bring them a feeling of success B) will meet their

47、 physical needs D) will satisfy their curiosity27 . Papousek noticed in his studies that a babyA) would make learned responses when it saw the mi IkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to

48、 right or left when it had enough to drink28 . In Papouseks experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order toA) have the lights turned on C) please their parentsB) be rewarded with milk D) be praised29 . The babies would “smile and bubble“ at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic drives”B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in “switching on the lights30 . According to Papou