【考研必读】考研英语长难句汇总.docx

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1、【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（1）熟练研究每年的真题长难句,每天坚持就有收获。长难句:1. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the 1 istener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.：， which I 导的疋丨ich interfere with his comprehen.（这 点很重要,注意理解）react ions的

2、后置定语学习任务:请翻译这句长难句、参考译文:说话者使用的词可能会引起听话者不愉快的反应,这种反应干扰听话者的理解,因此,二者之 间的传输-接受系统就中断了【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（2）长难句:Neither kind of sleep is at al 1 wel 1 understand, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain.结构剖析:木句的两个部分之间以but连接,表示转折关系。难点之一是两个部分都是被动语态,尤其是第 二部分,可以转换成七动语态:but sc

3、ientists assume that REM sleep serve some restorative function of the brain.难点之是nei ther作形容诃,修饰kind,后面的谓语用单数。参考译文:虽然人对两种睡眠都很不了解,但是人们推测REM （眼睛快动阶段）睡眠对大脑有某种恢复作用。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（3）长难句:For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examina

4、tion of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.结构剖析:本句由表示转折关系的连词yet分为两个部分:第，部分的干是i t has long been known that.,其中it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语:第二部分的主干是the animals look completely normal,前面的 upon examination of the dead bodies 作状语。核心词汇:deprivation剥夺fata!致命的学习任务：请翻译这句长难句、参考译文:例如:人们早知道老鼠如果被完全剥

5、夺睡眠,就会百分之百死亡,但是在检查老鼠的尸体时, 老鼠看上去完全正常。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（4）长难句:A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die.结构剖析:木句是个简单句,A researcher是主语,has now cast light on是谓语,the mystery 是宾语,of why the animals die作定语,修饰mystery,而why the animals die作为个句,乂作介 词of的宾语。核心词汇:cast light on使明白,阐

6、明mystery神秘,神秘的事学习任务:请翻译这句长难句参考译文:一位研究人员现在已经揭开了老鼠（根据上下文得出）死亡原因之谜。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（5）长难句:The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.结构剖析:本句是个主从复合句,逗号前为在句,后面的as if引导个状语从句,使用虚拟语气,表 示与事实相反;破折号之间的部分the sel

7、f-protecting mechanism against diseases作破折号前的immune systems的同位语。核心词汇:develop患（病）（develop还有别的意思,总结下吧）mechanism 机制学习任务:请翻译这句长难句“参考译文:老鼠的血液出现了细菌感染（学习这句话的翻译技巧,develop的翻译），好像它们的免疫系统 对抗疾病的自我保护机制一已经垮掉了。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（6）长难句:They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each

8、 vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.结构剖析:本句是由and连接的并列句,其中第，部分的主干为They are different,后面的in that their elements are arranged differently 为状语,修饰 different.注意:in that 后面常引导从句,与 in thal 起作状语。核心词汇:in that体现于,因为specific具体的,特定的element元素,因素学习任务：请翻译这句长难句 参考译文:它们之前的不同之处在于各自元素的排列不同,而且每种

9、维生素在人体内承担种或一种以上 的具体功能.【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(7)长难句:Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vi tami ns.结构剖析:本句是although引导的主从复合句,其中Getting enough vitamins是动名词,作主句的主语。 (本句是考动名词作主语)核心词汇:nutritiona!营养的(注意拼写哦) excess过量的,过度的学习任务:请翻译这句长难句参考译文:尽管过量的维生

10、素对身体没有营养价值,但是获得足够的维生素对生命而言必不可少。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(8)长难句:As industrial giants 1 ike General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Mi 1waukee, Wisconsin, is booming.结构剖析:本句是一个主从复合句,其中as引导的从句As industrial giants. struggle to survive.作时间状语:主:句的:干是

11、Manpower. boong,其中Manpower为有名词,定公司的名字,而based in Mi 1 waukee, Wisconsin 是过去分词,相当于定语从句 which is based in Mi 1 waukee, Wisconsin,作 Manpower的定语。核心词汇:struggle挣扎:斗争base以.为基地:n,基础survive 生存boom繁荣,蓬勃发展学习任务:请翻译这句长难句、参考译文:通用汽车公司和IBM等工业巨头靠裁员而勉强支撑时,总部在威斯康星州密尔沃基的公司人力资 源却在蓬勃发展。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(9)长难句:This di

12、sposable work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their job.结构剖析:本句是个并列句,有and连接的两个分句构成。注意:木句中的fundamentally可以在写作 生运用哦!核心词汇:disposable可以处置的,可以处理的trend趋势work force劳动fundamentally 根本上学习任务:1.请翻译这句长难句、2.用 funda

13、mental ly 造句这种“可以随时处置”的劳动是美国企业当今用人最重要的趋势,它正从根本上改变人们和他们的工作 之间的关系。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（10）长难句:The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market eye les and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.结构;机:本句的主一是 T

14、he phenomenon provides a way, hilSirJ for companies to remain globally companies而过去分词结构 itnposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans 乂作 the growing核心词汇:phenomenon）现象impose强加,征税globally在全球,就全球而言pension养老金,年金market cycle市场周期学习任务:1. avoding的逻辑主语是什么?2.请翻译这句长难句、参考译文:这现象给公司提供了 种方式,使它们既

15、能够保持全球竞争力,乂能避免市场周期与就业法规、 医疗成本和养老金方案等造成的不断加重的负担。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（11）长难句:For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.结构剖析:本句是一个简注句,其中定语从句that came from being a IoyaI employee修饰先行词 _ 1 an end to的意思是“.的结束”.核心词汇:security安全co

16、me from 来自benefit利益,好处loyal忠实的,忠诚的（还有什么意思呢?）学习任务：1.填写空1（奖励20HY）2.请翻译这句长难句”（再奖励30沪元）1. that security, benefit and sense of importance2.参考译文:对工人而言,这意味着作为一名忠实雇员应当享有的安全感、利益和重要感都没有了。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（12）长难句:By contrast, they saw i n the precedi ng hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was st

17、i11 a completely agri cultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.结构剖析:本句的主干是 they saw. a period of great abundance and prosperity,其中 they saw 后 面的介词结构 in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750 为状语,修饰 saw; when 引导的定语 从句修饰前面的 the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750。核心词汇:

18、by contrast与之.相反,与.形成对比的是abundance富裕,富有,丰富preceding前面的prosperity 繁荣学习任务：1.请翻译这句长难句2.用 by contrast 造句参考译文：与之相反,他们把此前从1650到1750之间的100年看作一个繁荣富裕的时期,尽管那时英国 还是个完全意义上的农业国。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（13）长难句:Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was maiked

19、by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may结构剖析:本句的主干是 Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things,胃号后面的 部分为两个that分别引导的两个从句,它们是的同位语,对其进行具体说明。核心词汇:be marked by特点是,以.为特点industrial izat ion 丄业化populac.民众,，姓: 全体居民本期任务:1. that引导的两个从句是 的同位语?2.请翻译本句参考译文:历史和

20、经济方面的专家指出了两点:一是1650至1750之间的时期确实是非常贫困,是业 化肯定并未恶化、而是可能实际改善了大多数人的生活条件。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（14）time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.结构剖析:本句是 个主从复合句,句子开始的hen引导个条件状语从句,后面是主句a climate of accident-free operat ions is established, it*!1 established /rilftl ff where （相当于 in which）引导个 定语从句,修饰本期任务:L

21、 where引导的定语从句修饰什么?2.请翻译本句、3.请用at a minimum造句1 .修饰 cl imate2 .参考译文:如果工作做得好,就能建立一个无事故操作的环境,在这里,由于人员伤害而损失的时间保 持在最低限度。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（15）长难句:He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he mus

22、t sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical ferti1izers to feed the soi1.结构剖析:本句的主干在冒号前:He must use this surplus in three ways,冒号之后的部分包含三个as 引导的并列结构,作状语,其中第三个as结构的核心部分是as a commodity.,后面的which引导的定语 从句which he must sei 1. .修饰commodity,其中介词结构in order to.作定语从句的状语.核心词汇:sur

23、plus剩余,过剩;a.过剩的,剩余的replace 替换sow播种implement工具;v.执行insurance保隙，保险fertilizer肥料,化肥unpredictable无法预测的feed提供（养料等）commodity 商品本期任务:翻译此长难句参考译文:他必须以下列三种方式使用这些余粮:留作种子,留作保障以对付恶劣天气可能造成的无法预 测的影响,并留作必须出售的商品以替换就农具和购买化肥给上壤提供养料。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（16）难句:The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspaper

24、s seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.结构剖析:本旬的 I ! 是 The government is to ban payments,介词结构to wi tnesses 和by newspapers.都作后置定语,修饰 payments; 现在分词结构 seeking to buy up people.作 newspapers 的后置定语,相当于 which seek to buy up people.,其中过去分诃结构 involved in pro

25、minent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West 又作 people 的定语,相当于 who are involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West. 本句的难点在于后置修饰语偏长。核心词汇：ban禁止involved in卷入,涉及wi tness证人:v.见证prominent突出的,杰出的tria!审判;试验本期任务:1. buy up的意思?2.翻译本长难句、buy up收买,买通参考译文:政府要禁止报界付费给证人,因为报界试图收买诸如露丝玛丽.韦斯特这类要案中涉

26、及的证人.【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（17）难句:In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancel lor, wi11 introduce a draft bill that wi 11 propose maki ng payments to witnesses i1 legal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case befor

27、e a trial begins.结构剖析:本句的主干是,其中the Lord Chancel lor为主:语的同位语,说明主:语的身份,that引导个定语从句,修饰a draft bill,而这一定语从句的位于部分是由and连接的两个部分构成,其中 第二部分 will strictly control the amount of publ icity 中的宾语 amount of publ icity 后面带有 that 引导的定语从句that can be gi ven to a case before a tri al begins.核心词汇:tighten加紧,收紧draft草案:草稿

28、press新闻界bill法案;账单introduce提出,引进:介绍publicity公开宣传,曝光本期任务:1.本句的主干是什么?2.翻译本长难句本句的主干是:Lord Irvine. will introduce a draft bill参考译文:为了大大加紧对新闻界的法律控制,大法官欧文勋爵将提出项法律草案,其中将建议规定向 证人付费属于违法行为，并将严格控制媒体在案件审理之前对案件的曝光程度。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（18）长难句:In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons medi

29、a select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.结构剖析:本句开始为状用,其中Gerald Kaufman后面带有一个很长的同位语chai rman of House of Conunons media select commi tee;本句的干为 Lord Irvine said he agreed wi th a committee report t

30、his year, 其中 said 后面为宾语从句 he agreed wi th a commi ttee report this year; thi s year 后面的 which 弓I 导定语从句修饰先行词 1 （先行词是什么呢?）,其中said后的that引导 2（引导什么从句呢?）本期任务:1.填写空12 .填写空23 .翻译本句1 . report2 .宾语从句3 .参考译文:欧文勋爵给议员媒体选择委员会主席杰拉尔德考夫曼写了一封信,信中说他同意该委员会 今年发表的份报告该报告指出媒体的自律所提供的监控并不够【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（19）长难旬:Public

31、ation of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European 1cgislation wou1d be left to judges rather than to Pariiciment.结构剖析:本句是个复合句,开始是主干 Publication of the letter came., two days after Lord Irvine

32、caused a storm of media protest.为状语,修饰在句的谓语came;后面的when引导个时间 状语从句when he said.,修饰前面从句中的谓语部分caused a storm of media protest,其中said后 面是个宾语从句:主语是the interpretation of privacy controls,过去分词结构contained in European legislaion 作 privacy controls 的定语,相当于定语从句 which were contained in European legislation;谓语是

33、would be left to jugdes rather than to Parliament 核心词汇:publ ication发表,出版privacy 隐私a storm of media protest暴风雨般的媒体抗议legislation 立法protest 抗议be left to被交给,留给本期任务:翻译本长难句、参考译文:欧文勋爵说对于欧洲立法中包含的隐私控制的解释权将交给法官而不是议会时(注意rather than的翻译)引起了媒体的一片抗议。两天后,这封信便发表了。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(20)长难句:The Lord Chancel lor sa

34、id introduct ion of the Human Rights Bi 11 （人权法案）,which makes the European Convent ion on Human Rights （欧洲人权公约）legally binding in Britain, laid down that everybody was ent it led to privacy and that public fi gures could go to court to protect themselves and their familes.结构剖析:本句的主干是 The Lord Chance

35、llor said introduct ion of the Human Rights Bill. laid down that. and that.,语是The Lord Chancel lor,谓语是said,后面是said 的宾语从句 introduction of the Human Rights Bill. laid down that. and that.,其中 4-iin introduction of the Human Rights Bil! 后而是 which 引导的个 M限制定语从句 which makes the European Convention on Human

36、 Rights legal ly binding in Britain,谓语是 !aid down后面带有 and 连接的两个宾酒从句:that everybody was entitled to privacy 1J that public fugures could go to court to protect themselves and their famil ies.核心词汇:convent ion公约：会议:惯例 entitled to有权享有 binding有约束力的 publ ic figure公众人物 lay down规定,制定 go to court起诉,上法庭本期任务:1

37、.核心词汇记忆2.翻译本长难句、参考译文:大法官说人权法案的引入使欧洲人权公约在英国具有法律约束。人权法案规定 每个人都享有个人隐私权,而且公众人物可以通过起诉保护自己和家人的隐私权。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（21）难用: uPress freedoms will be in safe hands with our British judges, * he said. 结构剖析:本句是个简单句,介词结构with our Britsh judges做状语,修饰谓语部分will be in safe hands.本期任务:1.翻译本长难句2.in. hands 造句他说:“新闻

38、自由掌握在英国法官手中将安然无恙.”【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(22)长难句:Up to 19 witnesses were said to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.结构剖析:木句的 t是 Up to 19 witnesses were said to htive received payments, for tel 1 ing their stori es to newspapers作状语,表示原因。本旬的难点是被动结构um,e raid tc,等rit需as said t

39、hat. 至 I可以改为 It was said that up to 19 wi tnesses had received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.核心词汇:up to多达be said to 据说本期任务：1.翻译本长难句、2.用up to造句据说多达19个证人因向报界讲述他们的经历而获得报酬。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(23)长难句:Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories

40、 in court to ensure guilty verdicts.人们的担心.),届i的that引导个同位语从句,作主语concerns的同位语。之所以要将先行词concerns 与后面的that从句分开,是因为这同位语从句太长,如果放在先行词后面,容易出现头重脚轻的现象。guilty有罪的本期任务:1.理解长难句中的同位语从句2.翻译本长难句”参考译文:这引起了人们对下列情况的担心:为了确保法庭给被告定罪,证人可能会被怂患在法庭I:夸大 其词。（注：本来中文译文最好翻译成:动语态,但这联系到上下文,所以我给出比较容易理解的翻译。）【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（24）长难

41、句:Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.结构剖析S本句的主干是Comparisons were drawn between. and.难点在于使用了被动语态,理解 时可以转换成主动语态:People drew comparisons between. and.（人们对.与.进行了 些 比较）。核心词汇:compaiison比较diffusion传播:

42、扩散本期任务:翻译此长难句参考译文:人们对20世纪电视业的发展与15、16世纪印刷术的传播进行了一些比较。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句（25）长难句: As was discussed before, it was not unti 1 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.结构剖析:本

43、句开始是as引导的 个状语从句,后面的上句是个强调句:it was not until the 19th century that.,被强调的部分是not until the 19th century:在that引导的从句中,主干为the newspaper became the dominant pre_electronic medium,现在分词结构作状语,修饰从句的在干本句 的难点是三个结构:not unti 1 （直到.才）in the wake of （在.之后）in the company of （伴随、 陪伴）核心词汇:dominant主要的、占主导地位的in the compa

44、ny of 伴随、陪伴in the wake of 在.之后periodical 期刊 pamphlet宣传册本期任务:翻译此长难句、b参考译文:正如前面所讨论的,直到19世纪,报纸继宣传册和书籍之后,伴随着期刊的出现,成为电子 媒体出现之前的主要媒体。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(26)长难句:It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway and leading on through the tel

45、egraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20 th-century wor1d of the motor car and the airplane.结构剖析:本句是个强调句!1 was during the same t ime that.,被强调的部分是during the same time; that 引导的从句中,主干是 the communications revolution speeded up,现在分词结构 beginning with.and leading on through. into (从.

46、开始,接着是,直到)作状语,说明通信革命的发展过 程。核心词汇:communicat ions通信 lead on继续发展 speed up加快,加速本期任务:1 .翻译本句2.用 begin wi th. lead on through. into. 造句 参考译文:就在这段时期,通信革命加快了步伐,从运输铁路开始,接着是电报、电话、无线电和电影, 直到20世纪出现汽车和机的世界。【研英难句】和我起突破2010考研英语长难句(27)It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the

47、 20th century, fol lowed by the invention of integrated circuit during the 1960 s, radical 1 y changed the process, although its impact on the modi a was not immedi ately apparent.结构剖析:本句的主干是It is generally recognized, however, that. it是形式主语,that引导 的主:语从句是真正的生语，其中 the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century. radical ly changed the process 是主句,过去分词 followed by.作定语,修饰前面的 introduction of the computer,相当于 which was fol lowed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960 s,而 although its i