中学教材全解八年级英语(上).docx

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1、Module 1 How to learn English第1单元 内容详解1. Welcome back, everyone.欢迎大家回到学校。welcome v.欢迎welcome sb. to +地点欢迎某人到某地Welcome you to our school.欢迎你到我们学校来。Welcome home!欢迎回家! (home为副词,所以前面不用to)welcome n.欢迎,迎接a warm welcome热情欢迎a cold welcome 冷遇2. Now because ifs a new term, Im going to give you some advice.新学期

2、开始之际,我想给大家提几点建议。advice意为“建议,意见”,是不可数名词。表示“ 一条建议”用a piece of advice,表示“一 些建议”用some adviceFil give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.我将给你些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。搭配一give sb. some advice / give some advice to sb,给某人提些建议ask for advice征求意见follow / take sb/ s advice接受某人的建议7.拓展advise是动词,意为“建议”,后接名词、代词

3、或动名词作宾语,也可用于advisesb. (not) to do sth.结构,意为“建议某人(不要)做某事”。She advised us to wait (for) one more day.她建议我们再等一天。3. Why don*t you write it down?你们为何不把它记下来呢?(1) Why dont you do.?是英语中一个重要的句型,意为“你(们)为什么不做事呢?”， 多用来向对方提出建议。该句型还可简化为“Why not do.?”。Why dont you read newspapers in English? = Why not read newspap

4、ers English?你为什么不读英文报纸呢?中考链接一 Look! Its raining heavily.take a raincoat with you?Well, Til take one right now.A. Why not B. Why don*t C. Would you mind D. Would you like解析:四个选项都是提建议的句型,但后跟的动词形式不一样:Why not +动词原形？ Why dont you + 动词原形? Would you mind doing.? Would you like to do.?所以只能 选A。 答案:A(2) write

5、 down意为“写下,记下”,其同义短语为put down。其宾语若是名词,放在down 前后均可;若是代词作宾语,须放在down之前。Please write down these new words in your notebook.=Pl ease write these new words down in your notebook.请把这些生词记在你的笔记本上。Please write them down.请把它们记来。4. You should always speak English in class.课堂上大家应该一宣讲英语。speak v.说话;讲(语言)Can you sp

6、eak English?你会讲英语吗?辨析:say, speak, talk 与 telll.say 说,讲”,着重译调讲话的内容,指用口头或书面语言表达思想5. speak 说，演讲”侧重于讲话的动作;speak后常接表示某种语言的名词。3. talk “交谈，谈话”,指跟少数人“随意地说”，不侧重说的内容。Talk常与介词to, with, about 连用4. tell ”告诉,讲述“多指以口头方式告诉某人，常用于讲故事等。He says he will go to Shanghai to visit his grandparents.他说他将去上海看望他的爷爷奶奶。The child

7、is learning to speak.这个孩子正在学习说话。Dont talk with each other freely in class.上课不要随便相互交谈Tell me the time, please.请告诉我时间。言辨异After she spoke at the meeting, she talked with the students. She told them that what she said was very important.在会上发了言之后，她跟学生们进行了交谈,并告诉他们她讲的东西很而要。5. What else? 还有其他的吗?else常用在不定代词、

8、疑问代词或疑问副词之后作后置定语。He has something else to tell you.他还有些别的事情要告诉你。Who else are you waiting for?你还在等谁?辨析:else 与 other两者都可意为“其他的，另外的”，但用法不同:(1) else用作形容词或副词，常用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词，也可以修饰all, much, little等词，修饰这些词时，else要位于其后,作后置定语。Where else are you going?你还要去哪儿?Im taking some clothes and books, not much else

9、.我要带几件衣服和一些书，别的就没什么了。else还可以构成所有格,即elses,意为“另外的/其他的(人或物)”。My books are much more than anybody elses.我的书比其他任何人的书都多很多。(2) other作形容词，用以修饰名词或代词,位于其前作定语。We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects at school.我们在学校学习语文、数学、英语,还有一些其他的科目。other作代词，可以单独作主语、宾语、表语,其复数形式为others。Some students are playi

10、ng under the tree and others are flying kites over there. 些学生在树下 玩耍,还有一些在那边放风筝。_6. Its a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day. 每天核査一下自己的词汇笔记是个好主意。本句为“It is +名词（短语）+ to do sth.句式,it是形式主语,动词不定式短语是句子的 真正主语。It*s your turn to play the piano.轮至你弹钢琴了。7. How about listening to the radio or

11、reading a newspaper in English?听听英文广播,读读英文报纸怎么样?How about.?相当于What about?)用来与对方商量或者询问对方的情况或意见,about 是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。I like English. How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢?How about going fishing?去钩鱼怎么样?中考链接 How about raising money for the people in Yushu, Qinghai?A. Good idea B. Enjoy yourself C. Never mind D. You

12、re welcome解析:How about.?句型用于征求建议,其肯定回答用Good idea。答案:A8. But try not to translate every word.但是尽量不要逐词翻译。(1)try to do sth.尽力去做某事。此结构也是提出建议的种方式,它的否定形式为:try not to do sth,尽力不要做某事。拓展try doing sth.表示“尝试傲某事”。He tried putting some sugar into the coffee.他试着往咖啡里加了一些糖。(2) translate意为“翻译,译”,是动词。常见搭配:translatein

13、t意为把译成”, 也可以表示为 put.into.或 change.into.Would you like to translate the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me? Would you like to put the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me? Would you like to change the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?你能帮我把这篇关于周杰伦的文章翻译成英语吗?9.1 think ev

14、eryone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each her.我认为每个人都应该交一个笔友,并互相发送电子邮件。everyone意为每个人”,相当于everybody,表示个单数概念。当everyone作主语时,谓 语动词要用单数形式。Everyone likes the movie.每个人都喜欢这部电影。拓展(1) everyone用于否定句,表示部分否定。Everyone here doesnt like durian. Not everyone here likes durian.并不是这里的所有人都喜欢榴莲。(

15、2) everyone在反意疑问句中,反问部分的主语常用they。Everyone is right, arent they?大家都对,是吗?Everyone comes here, dont they?大家都来了,是吗?10. She can help me with my homework.她可以帮我做作业。help sb. with sth,在某方面帮助某人I often help him with maths.我经常在数学方面帮助他I often help him （to） learn maths.help作名词时,还有如下表达:with the help of.在的帮助下with o

16、nes help在某人的帮助第2单元 内容详解1. Many students ask for advice about improving their English.很多学生咨询提高英语水平的建议。ask for意为请求”,有时也用作ask sb. forIf we have any trouble in learning English, we can ask Mr Wang for help.如果我们在学习英语中有什么困难,我们可以请求王老师帮忙。2. I enjoy watching English films and listening to real English songs.

17、我喜欢看英文电影,听原版的英文歌曲。enjoy的用法:（1）enjoy后如果跟动词,要用动词的ing形式,构成enjoy doing sth.意思是“喜欢做某事”。 The children enjoy watching action movies.孩子们喜欢看动作片。 拓展类似于enjoy的用法的动词还有:mind（介意），finish（完成），practise （练习）等。注意enjoy后不用不定式作宾语。（2） enjoy oneself意思是“过得快乐,玩得愉快”，相当于have a good time或have fun. WeYe enjoying ourselves very mu

18、ch in Shanghai.我们现在在上海玩得很开心。3. But it takes a long time.但是会花费很长时间。本句是个省略句,其完整的表达是:But it takes a long time to watch English films and listen to real English songs, it 是形式主语,to watch. songs 是具正的主语。It takes sb. some time to do sth.（某人花一些时间做某事。）是个常见的句型。take在此处意为“花费”。4. This is a great way to learn Engl

19、ish!这是学习英语的个很好的方式!a great/good way to do sth.意为“做某事的个好方式”,动词不定式作定语。Watching English films is a great way to improve your English.观看英文电影是提高你的英语水平的个好方式。5. Many people are shy when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep breath and smile!很多人说英语时感觉不好意思,所以,在你开始讲英语之前深呼吸一下,笑一笑!（1）此句是个复合句,so引导的

20、为结果状语从句。在这个句子里还含有when和before引 导的时间状语从句。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是句子的主体, 从句不能独立使用,且从句用陈述语序。时间状语从句常用when （当时候），as （当 时候）,while（当 时候）,before （在 之前），after（ 之后）,as soon as （ 就 ） 等引导。当主句是一般将来时的时候,在时间状语从句中,要特别注意用一般现在时代替 般将来时。Fil phone you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话He was tired, so he went to

21、 bed.因为他累了,所以他去睡觉了。(2) breath意为呼吸,名词,其动词形式是breathe。Take a deep breath意为深呼吸”。Before he jumped into the water, he took a deep breath.他在跳入水中之前深深地吸了一口气。6. Smiling always helps.微笑总是很有用的。smiling是动词smile的动名词形式,在句中作主语。动名词作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数 形式。Smoking is bad for your health,吸烟对你的健康有害。7. Li Hao takes a long time

22、to watch films and listen to songs in English.李浩花很长时间看英文电影、听英文歌曲take作花费讲时,主语一般不能为人,所以此句最好用以下方式表达: It takes Li Hao a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English. Li Hao spends a long time (in) watching films and listening to songs in English8. Do you find it easy to have a conversation in

23、 English7你觉得用英语交谈容易吗?此句中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式短语。当宾语是不定式或动名词时,如果 其后跟有宾语补足语,则常常用形式宾语it,而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语之后。I find it boring to play computer games.我发现玩电脑游戏很无聊9. Try to remember all the things youre good at in English, and make a list.尽量记住你在英语方面擅长的事情并列表。be good at意为“擅长,在方面做得好”,后面若跟动词,则用v.-ing形式。He is good a

24、t dancing.他擅长跳舞。拓展do well in 与 be good at 同义。Mike is good at English. = Mike does well in English.迈克擅长英语。第3单元内容详解1. Why does Mary want to invite other students, too?为什么玛丽也想邀请其他的同学?invite用作动词,意为邀请;招待,常用结构为invite sb. to do sth.意为邀请某人做某 事。They invited their parents to watch the movie together.他们邀请他们的父母

25、起看这部电影.拓展invitation作名词,意为邀请，Did you get an invitation to the party?你获邀参加那场聚会 了吗?2. Why does Charlie think borrowing magazines might be a good idea?为什么査理认为借杂志可能是个好主意?borrow意为“借”,指从某人或某地借东西。How many books did they borrow from the library yesterday?昨天,他们从图书馆借了多少本书?辨析:borrow, lend 与 keep词条:borrow 辨析:对主语

26、而言为“借入”,指向别人或从别处借东否,为非延续性动 词 搭配:borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere从某人/某处借某物词条:lend辨析:对主语而言为“借出”,指把自己的东西借给别人,为非延续性动词 搭配:lend sb. sth; lend sth. to sb.将某物借给某人词条:keep 辨析:“借,持有”,指借用某物一段时间,为延续性动词 搭配:keep sth. for some time借用某物一段时间He borrowed a dictionary from the library.他从图书馆借了一本词典I lent my bike to him ye

27、sterday.=1 lent him my bike yesterday.昨天我把自行车借给他了。How long may 1 keep the book?这本书我可以借多长时间?用法诀窍“借”有巧法“借”看执行者,“借出”用lend, “借入”是borrow。如果用keep,表示“借多久”。假如 看不完,“续借”用renewo3. It*s difficult to understand TV programmes in English.理解英文电视节目是困难的。“Itis+adj.+of/forsb.todosth. ”是个常用句型,若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、 品质的,如 kin

28、d, good, nice, right, clever, careless, polite, foolish 等,用 of sb.若形容词 仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.,这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, (im) possible, necessary 等。Ifs very kind of you to help me.你能帮我真是太好 了。Its careless of you to leave the keys in the car.你真粗心，把钥匙落在车上Its important

29、 for you to listen to the radio in English.对你来说收听英语广播很重要。中考链接Is easy to who picks the fruit and vegetables on your net farm?A. that； find B. it； finding C. that? find out D. it; find out解析:Itis + adj. + todosth.意为“做某事”，“査明,发现”用find out,故选D。答案：D3.1 left my homework at home.我把作也忘在家里了 leave的用法:(1) leav

30、e vt.离开;留下；剩下,忘记；保持(某种状态)He often leaves his home in the morning.他经常在早晨离开家。He left the door open,他开着门就出去了。Please leave the book on the desk.请把这本书留在桌子上。I always leave my books in my classroom.我总是把书忘在教室里。(2) leave vi.离开,出发He is leaving for Tianjin tomorrow他明天要动身去天津。温馨提示leave与forget这两个词都有“忘记”之意,但leave经

31、常和表示地点的介词短语连用;forget 通常不与表示地点的介词短语连用。因此,不说:I always forget my books in my classroom, leave还有“留给”的含义。leave后可接两个代词作宾语,如:leave sb. sth.留给某人某物。 Last time you left the umbrella at home. Today, you mustnt forget it any more,上次你把雨伞忘 在家里了,今天一定别再忘了带。5. . but how can I practise speaking English?但我怎样练习说英语呢?pra

32、ctise doing sth.表示“练习做某事”。I often practise playing the guitar.我经常练习弹吉他。practise的名词形式是practice,表示“练习:实习”。Piano playing needs a lot of practice.弹钢琴需要多练习。注意practise后接动名词,不接不定式。辨析:practise 与 exercisePractise指为了求得学问上或技术上的熟练而一再地练习Exercise指为了锻炼身心而有规则地按照一定方式练习 言辩异I practised volleyball every afternoon it wa

33、s also great exercise for me.每天午我都练习打排球,对我来说,这也是个很好的锻炼方式。6. Its good for your vocabulary.那对你的词汇有好处。be good for.对有好处(有益处)Many people love this time of year, because it is good for sports.很多人喜欢一年中的这个时节,因为它适合运动。Eating fruit is good for our health,吃水果对我们的健康有益。 拓展be bad for.对有害Eating too much is bad for

34、our health,吃得太多对我们的健康有害。7. If there isnt, why dont you start one with your friends?如果没有,你和你的朋友们为什么不开办个呢?one作代词,用于泛指前面提到过的名词,其复数形式是ones。Your coat is good. I also want to buy one.你的外套很好。我也想买一件。辨析:it与one(1) it作代词,可用来指代前面提到的同一人或物,其复数形式为they。I want to use your ruler. Lend it to me, please.我想用你的尺子。请把它借给我。

35、(2) one所代替的是同类事物中的个,泛指前面所提到的人或物,其复数形式为ones。I have no exercise books. Lend me one,我没有练习本。借给我个。I have a new hat and several old ones,我有一,顶新帽子和儿顶旧帽子。(3) it还可以代替上文中的句子或句子中的某一部分,而one则不能。My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.当我在公园里散步时,

36、我的钢笔掉在地上了。一位女士路过时看见了。(此 句中的 it 指 my pen dropped on the ground 这件事)(4)可以在one/ones前加冠词表示特指。The one in the red coat is Miss White,那个穿红色外套的是怀特小姐。8. How about playing a few games and listening to some music?做几个游戏并听些音乐怎么样?a few的用法:a few意为“些,几个”,用于可数名词复数前,相当于several或some,表示肯定概念。I have a few books about pro

37、nunciation.我有几本关于发音的书。辨析:few, a few, little 与 a little意义:否定（几乎没有,少）修饰可数名词复数:few修饰不可数名词:little意义：肯定（有些,有几个）修饰可数名词复数:a few修饰不可数名词：a littleThere are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了,所以我必须去买些.There are only a few eggs in the fridge, so I neednt buy some at once.冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋,所以我不必立刻去买。T

38、heres little rice in the bowl.碗里没多少米饭了。I can only speak a little French,我只会说一点儿法语。用法诀窍同学们使用little, a little, few, a few这几个词语时,常常弄错,为便于记忆,特编成下面几 句顺溜,供同学们学习时参考:few, little有异同,修饰名词（可数或不可数）要记清, 其前有“a”表肯定,其前无“a”表否定。只有几粒豆子a few beans只有一点儿牛奶a little milk儿乎没有豆子few beans几乎没有牛奶little milk9. And dont forget to

39、 watch TV.不要忘了 看电视辨析:forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth.词条:forget to do sth,辨析:忘记去做某事 例句:He forgot to tell her about it.他忘记告 诉她这件事了。（没告诉）词条:forget doing sth,辨析:忘记做过某事 例句:Im sorry. I forgot meeting you in Shanghai last year.很抱歉,我忘了去年在上海见过你了。中考链接Dont forget an umbrella you. Its going to rain.A. to ta

40、ke； toB. taking； toC. to take； with D. taking； with解析:由后一句可知，天还没下雨,所以是不要忘记带把伞,用forgettodo； take sth. with sb. 随身携带某物,所以选C。答案:CModule 2 Experiences第一单元内容详解1. Have you ever entered a competition? 你曾经参加过比赛吗?（1） ever用作副词,意为“曾经”,常用于现在完成时态的句子中,位于助动词和过去分词 之间。Have you ever read Harry Potter? 你曾经读过哈利波特吗?一 Ye

41、s, I have. / No, never.是的,我读过。不,我从未读过。注意.ever的反义词是never,意为“从未,从来没有”。注意:ever的反义词是never,意为“从未,从来没有”。副词ever的用法比较灵活,现归纳如下:句型:一般疑问句含义:曾经;以前 例句:Have you ever travelled to Mount Huang?你曾去黄山旅游过吗?句型:否定句 含义:无论何时;至今 例句:We hardly ever drink coffee.我们从未喝过 咖啡。句型:条件句 含义:任何时候;任何场合 例句:If you ever have any trouble, F

42、il help you. 任何时候你有困难,我都会帮助你。(2) enter表示“报名参加”。take part in, join也可以表示参加。join指的是参加组织、团 体,take part in常指参加活动。join the army 参半take part in Project Hope 参加希望工程2. Has she visited China before ? 她以前来过中国吗?before的用法:(1)作为副词,意为“以前”。常与现在完成时连用,也可与一般过去时连用。通常位于句 末。He has never seen such a huge stone before.他以前从

43、未见过这么大的石头。(2)作为介词或连词,意在“在之前”,可表示时间、位置、顺序等。My father usually goes to bed before 9： 00 pm.我父亲通常在晚上9点之前去睡觉。(介词) Turn off the light before you leave the room.离开房间前关上灯 (连词) 辨析:ago 与 beforeAgo指从现在算起的一段时间以前,因而动词用过去式Before指某时间点之前,用于多种时态用法诀窍Before常在点之前,ago常在段之后。Before时态不确定,一般过去用ago。3. So I think shell like i

44、t here所以,我认为她会喜欢这儿的。I think.,意为“我想;我认为;我觉得”,后面常接个宾语从句,表示“我 认为”的内容,指说话人的看法。在这句型中,可以用其他主语替换I,表示别人对某事 的看法。I think you are wrong.我认为你错了。She thinks you are right. 她认为你对 了 拓展在1/We think ( suppose, believe, imagine )等句式中,若从句有否定意义，则否定词应前移 至主句中,即否定转移。I dont think he will come. ( V ) I think he will not come.

45、 ( X )4. And Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day.而且萨莉已经邀请我有时间到 英国去她那儿(待几天)。one day意为“某天”。I met him in the street one day last month.上个月的某一天我在街上遇见他了。辨析:some day 与 one daySome day ”将来的某一天”,用于一般将来时态中。One day ”将来的某一天”或“过去的某一天”,用于一般将来时或一般过去时的句子中。5. The problem is the price of the tic

46、ket.问题是机票太贵了 problem作为名词,意为“问题,难题”。Pollution brings a lot of problems.污染带来 了许多问题。辨析:problem 与 question词条:problem辨析:着重指难以解决(solve)的“问题”或“难题”例句:The governmentis trying to solve the problem.政府正在努力解决这问题。词条:question 辨析:指提出(ask)并有待回答(answer)的“问題”“疑问” 例句: Can you answer this question?你能回答这个问題吗?6. Take off

47、from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.从北京首都机场飞抵伦敦。 take off的用法:(1) takeoff为动词短语,属于动副结构,在木句中表示“起飞”,与其相对应的词为land, 意为“降落,着陆”。Please drive faster. My plane is taking off.请再开快一点,我的飞机马上就要起飞了。The plane will land soon. 机很快就要降落了。(2) take off还可意为“脱掉;休假”，take后可接名词或代词作宾语。Itts very hot here. Take off your coat.这里很热。脱下你的外套吧。He is going to take three days off from work.他