博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文.docx

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1、she上博士研究生以上还升什么博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文KEYTOTHEEXERCISESUnitOneScienceTextICanWeReallyUnderstandMatter?I.VocabularyI. A2, B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. CII. Definition1. Apriority2. Momentums. Animplication4.Polarization5 . thedistan cethatligh ttravelsin ayear, abou ttrillionm ilesortril lionkm.6 . acontradi c

2、toryorabs urdstateme ntthatexpr essesaposs ibletruth7 . adevice thatspeeds upchargede lementaryp articlesor ionstohigh energiesII I. Mosaic1. Thestress:Pronunci ationrule: AnEnglishw ordendedwi th - tionor - sionhasits stressonth elastsylla blebutone. 2. molecule 3. A4. B5. C6 . B7. A8. AIV . Transl

3、ati onA.8 . In Septemberl 995, anti-h ydrogenato m一ananti-m atteratom 一wassuccessfullydevelopedinEuropeanParticlePhysicsLaboratoryinSwitzerland. Afterthestartlingnewsspreadout,scientistsintheW estwhowere indulgedin theresearc hofanti- ma tterweregr eatlyexcit ed. Whileth eywereatte mptingtoproducean

4、dstoreanti-matterastheenergyforspacecraft, theyraisedanewquestion:Manyofthemysteriousnuclearexplosionsintherecento nehundredy earsarecon nectedwith antimatte r. Thatisto say, theseh ard-to-exp lainexplos ionsaretri cksplayedb yanti-matt er. Theyare the destru ction II phen omenoncaus edbytheimp actb

5、etween matteranda nti-matter .V. Groupin gA. Uncerta inty:wha tif,illuso ry, indescr ibable, puz zle, specul at ion, seem ingly, inso memysterio uswayB. Con trast:mo redaunting ,thehardes tofhardsci ences, doli ttletodisc ourage, fro mafar, clos escrutiny, workamazin glywellC . Applicati onsofQuant

6、ummechanic s:themom entumofach argingelep hant, build ingimprove dgyroscope s1. proba bilities2. illusory3. discourage4.scrutinyVI. Topic sforDiscus sionandWri tingWRIT ING?STRATE GY?DEFINIT ION1. Com pletethefo llowingdef initionswi ththehelpo fdictionar ies.2. To bribemeans toinfluenc ethebehavi o

7、rorjudgme ntofothers unfairlyor illegallyb yofferingt hemfavorso rgifts.3. . Gravityis definedast henaturalf orcebywhic hobjectsareattracted toeachothe r, especiallythatbywh ichalargem asspul Isas malleronet oit.4. Th emillenniu mbugrefers tothecompu terglitcht hatarisesf romaninabi lityofthes oftwa

8、retod ealcorrect lywithdate sof January 2000orlate r.5. Glob alizationi sunderstoo dasthedeve lopmentsoa stomakepos sibleinter nationalin fluenceoro peration. I I. Writeaon e-paragrap hdefinitio nofthefoll owingwords .1. hypothe sisAhypo thesisisan ideawhichi ssuggested asapossibl ewayofexplainingfa

9、cts, provinganargument,etc. Throughexperiments, thehypothesisiseitheraccept edastrueor castoff. 2.scienceS cienceisde finedasthe intellectu alandpract icalactivityencompassingthesystematicstudyofthestructureandbehaviorofthephysicalandnatural worldthrou ghobservat ionandexpe riment. 3. s uperstitio n

10、Superst itionrefer stoabelief whichisnot basedonrea sonorfactb utonoldide asaboutluc k, magic, et c. Forexamp le, itisaco mmonsupers titionthat blackcatsa reunlucky.4. pessimis mPessimi smisatende ncytogivem oreattenti ontothebad sideofasit uationorto expectthew orstpossib leresult. A personwith pes

11、simismisapessimis twhothinks thatwhatev erhappensi sbad.5. ind ividualismIndividu freedomoft trightsinattleattenterightsand stimportan seinthatli ofthecolle nceisemphaideathatthalarethemohasabadsenotherightsalismisthe heindividu society. It ionispaidt ctiveorago odoneintha tindepende sizedrathe rtha

12、ndepen denceonoth ers.Text 2PhysicsAw aitsNewOpt ionsasStan dardModell diesI. Voca bulary1. C2. A3. B4. A 5. C6. D7. D8 . BII. Defin ition1. A refrain2. A spark3. Aji ngle4. Sy mm etry5. de velopsorst udiestheor iesorideas aboutapart icularsubj ect.6. st udiestheor iginandnat ureoftheun iverse.7. .

13、studiesth estarsandp lanetsusin gscientifi cequipment includingt elescopes.III. Mosaic1. gravit y2. anti-/o pposite 3. D 4. B5. A6. A7 . BIV. Trans lationA.B. TheStand ardModelof particlephnfinishedpdevenunfiniantopusinatprecisiooem. Mostof ished, itis theliterat n,itdescrithepiecesa arguablyth ureo

14、fphysi besallknowysicsisanu rethere, an emostbrill cs. Withgre nmatter - alIthesubato micparticl essuchasqu arksandlep tonsaswel lastheforc esbywhicht hoseparticlesinteractwithoneanother.Theseforcesareelectromagnetism, whichdescribeshowchargedobjectsfeeleachother sinfluence:theweakforce, whichexplai

15、nshowparticlescanchangetheiridentities, andthestrongforce,whichdescribeshowquarkssticktogethertoformprotonsandothercompositeparticles. Butaslovel yastheStan dardModelsdescripti onis, itisi npieces, an dsomeofthosepieces - thosethatdescribegravity - aremissing. Itisafewshardsofbeautythathintatsomethi

16、nggreater, likeafewlinesofSapphoonafragmentofpa pyrus.V. Gr oupingA. Pa rticlephys ics:supe rsymmetry, equation, s uperpartne rs, stringB . Strangene ss:bizar re, beyondt hekenofC. A ntonyms:gr avity - anti gravity1 . novelty2. revelatory 3. SymmetryVII. Topi csforDiscu ssionandWr iting4. gra vityWR

17、IT ING?STRATE GY?EXEMPLI FICATIONAN DILLUSTRAT IONText3 Supporting ScienceI. V ocabulary1. D2. C3. A 4. C5. C6. A7 . B8. A9. CIO . Dll. B12. AII. Definit ion1. Apo rtfolio2. A vista3. Cry ptography4 . Paleontol ogy5. abu sinessoran undertakin gthathasre centlybegu noperation6. agroup ofpeopleha ving

18、common interests7. aperson withsenior managerial responsibi lityinabus inessorgan izationIII . Rhetoric1.pouring moneyinto2 .column3. u nbridled4. twilight5. blossomedi nto IV. Mosa ic1. phen omenoncrit eriondatum medium2. A3. A4. B5. B 6. B7. C8. BV .Translati onA.B. Th efivescien tistswhowo nthel9

19、96No belPrizepointoutthatthepresentprosperityanddevelopmentarebasedonthefruitsofbasicscientificresearchandthenegligenceofbasicscientificresearchwillthreatenhumandevelopmentofthe21stcentury.EUcountriesnoticedthatoneoftheirweaknessesisinsufficientinvestmentinresearchanddeve1 opment. II KoreaandSingapo

20、redonothesitatetopourmoneyintoresearchanddevelopment. ThedevelopedcountriesintheWesthaveusedmostofthescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentresourcesfortheresearchanddevelopmentofnewandhightechnology.Thishasbecomeanobvioustrendatpresent. Itisevidentfromtheexperiencesofvariouscountriesthatnewandhightec

21、hnologycancreateandformnewindustries, penupandsetupnewmarkets.Theinnovationoftraditionalindustrieswithnewandhightechnologyisakeymethodtostrengthenthecompetiti vecompeten cyofanente rprise.VI .Grouping:A. Neglige nceofbasic research:corporate breakups, c utbackonre search, ign oreit, subj ecttoaprot

22、racteddiss ectionandr eview, seco nd-guessin g, droppedd ramaticall y, subjecte dtoascruti ny, skirkin goursuppor tB. Signi ficantexam plesofbasi cresearch:computin g, biotechn ology, thel nternet, nu mbertheory ,complexan alysis, cod ingtheory, cryptograp hy,dinosau rpaleontol ogy, geneti csresearc

23、h )C. Wayst intensify arguments:movedsup portforsci encefroma wanttohavesquarelyi ntothe -nee dtohave | co lumn1. re sounding2. second-gue ssing3. dow nsized4.su bjectedV II. Topicsf orDiscussi onandWriti ngWRITIN G?STRATEGY ?COMPARISON, CONTRAST , ANDANALOG YText4Wh yMustScien tistsBecom eMoreEthic

24、 allySensit iveThanThe yUsedtoBe?I. Vocabula ry1. B2. B 3. A4. C5. B6 . D7. D8. A9. DIO. B11.B1 2. DII. Defi nition1. Aconstrain t2. Algorit hm3. Aprere quisite4.E thics5. a nimportant topicorpro blemfordeb ateordiscu ssion6 .a person spr inciplesor standards fbehaviour ;one sjudg ementofwha tisimpo

25、rta ntinlife.7 . aformal planputfor wardforcon sideration tocarryout aprojectII I. Rhetoric1 .brushe dunderthec arpet2. sme 113.handsa ndbrains4. battlefr ont5. modul e. . moduleIV. Mosaic1 ./z/s/s/z/s/s/iz/z/s/z/iz/z/s/z/z/z /s/s/z/z/s/af tervoicele ssconsonan ts/z/aft ervoicedco nsonants /iz/after

26、a wordendedw ith - es2 . B3 . D4. A5. D6. A7. CV. Tran slationA.B.Scienti stsandmedi calethicis tsadvocatetheprohibitionofhumancloningasawaytoproducelife.Theyallagreethathumancloningexertsseverethreatsonhumandignity.Socialcriticspointoutthatclonedchildrenwilllackpersonalityandnoumenon.G. Annas, prof

27、essorofhealthlawsinBostonuniversity, po intsouttha t humanelo ningshould bebannedbe causeitmay fundamentallyalterth edefinitio nofourselv es. |VI. Gro uping:A. Thechangeo fattitudes towardseth icalconsid eration: fromsheerh umanitaria nsympathyoccupymedi aslotsandS undaysupplestbattlef ront, canno l

28、ongerbesworesensiti veB. Academ icscience:aworldwi deinstitut ionalweb, prespectfor ivecitatio referment, omprivatelpriorityof nofthelite smuggleethife, frompodiscovery,rature, mericalconsidlitics,froements, lat eptaside, meerreview, comprehens itocraticp erationsfrmreligion,C . Industria Iscience:i

29、ntimatel yinvolvedi nthebusine ssofdailyl ifeD. Pos t-academic science:asuccessio nof - projec ts II , compou ndmoralris kswithfina ncialrisks ,largelyth eworkoftea msofscient ists1. individualistic2.energized3. comprehensive4 . heterogen eousVII. TopicsforD iscussiona ndWritingWRITING?S TRATEGY?CA

30、USEANDEFFE CTText5B eauty, Char m, andStran geness:Sci enceasMeta phorI. Voca bulary1. B2. A3. C4. B 5. C6. B7. A8 . B9. A10. CI I.Rhetoric1. pitch2 . landscape 3. unblinki ng4. yawn5. wrings III. Mosaic1. physicalpo eticpoliti calscienti ficoptical atomicEx aminationP aperforDoc torCandida tesofNon

31、-E nglishMajo rsDecember 25, XXPar tIListenin gComprehen sionSect ionAShortd ialoguesDirections :Inthissec tion, youwi llhearseve ralshortco nversation s. Attheend ofeachconv ersation, a questionwi llbeaskeda boutwhatwa ssaid. Both theconvers ationandth equestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestio

32、ntherewillbeapause. Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA, B, CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondinglette rontheAnswnethrought hecenter.erSheetwithasingleli1. A. Helos tthecalcul ator.B. H edoesn?tkn owwherethe calculator is.C. Het hinkshebro kethecalcu lator.D. Hedoe

33、sn?tk nowtheansw ertothepro blem.2. A. H elostit.B. Heuseditla stnight.C. Hewasthe lasttousei t.D. Hefi nallybroug htitback.3. A. Thewo manshouldb uysomenewt rousers.B. Thewoman shouldbuys omeclothes forlargers ize.C. Th ewomanshou Ideatless.D. Thewom anshoulddo exercises.4. A. Atathe ater.B. Ata bo

34、okingoff ice.C. Atar ailwaystat ion.D. Atar estaurant.5. A. Thes izeofthero om.B. Longw orkinghour s.C. Thehot weather.D. Thefaninth eroom.Sect ionBPassag esDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseveralshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage, youwillhearsomequestions. BoththepassageandthequestionswilIbesp

35、okenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA, B, CandD.ThenmarkthrSheetwith asPa ssageOneecorrespon dingletteringlelin ethroughth ecenter.ontheAnswe6. A. Adozen.B . Twodozen.C. Ahalfdoz en.D. Fived ozen.7. A . Theydon?t stayfreshv erylong.8. Theysmelln ice.

36、9. Th eyaretooex pensive.10. Theyaren ?tverypret ty.8. A. Oil andvinegar .B. Sugar andwhitevi negar.C. Su garandoil.D. Aspirin.PassageTwo9. A. Mill erwasloved byherparen ts.B. Mil lerwaslove dbyhersist ers.C. Mi llerwaslov edbyherbro thers.D. Millerenjo yedahappyl ifeasachil d.10. A. Mat hs.B. paint

37、 ing.C. Both AandB.D. Ne itherAnorB .Section CSummarywr itingDir ections:In thissectio n, youwillh earapassag ethreetimes. Whenthepassageisread, youarerequiredtowriteasummaryofabout6OwordsonAnswerSheetl I.Part 11 Vocabulary andStructu reDirect ions:There areanumber ofincomple tesentence sorsentenc e

38、swithunde rlinedword sorphrases inthispart . Foreachse ntencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA, B, CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceorreplacetheunderlinedpartofthesentence. Thenmarktheco rrespondin gletteront eetwithasi nglelineth roughthece nter.heAnswerSh11. rFherehasbe enadecline the

39、numberofpe opleborrow ingfrompub lie librari es.A. onB. i nC. withD. a t12. Theh arderastud entstudies ,.A. themore hisbodygiv esoffheatB. hisbody givesoffmo reheatC. themorehea tdoeshisbo dygivesoffD. themor eheathisbo dygivesoff13. Whens heheardthe badnews, sh e completely.A.brokeawayB. brokedow n

40、C.brokeou tD. broketh rough14. Theclerkmu tteredunde rhisbreath ashebrough tthe thetenthp airofshoes .A. client1 5.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.B. att orneyC. age ntD. consum erAssociat ionreferst o th ematerialw ewanttorememberand_ ittos omethingwe rememberac curately. A . taking re latingB. ta ke relateC

41、. takingre lateD. take ,relating? heytookmeasurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping. A. fruitfulB. beneficial C. validD. e ffectiveWi ththehelpofametaldetector, theydiscoveredthatwrecka gel ay overa2, 0 00-square-f eetarea, o ftenburied beneathsan dandseawee d. A. scatteredB. separatedC. dispersedD

42、. distributedltwashiswife?sencouragementthathadhisthroughthebadtimes.A.deliveredB.relievedC.sentD.broughtThedistancefromtheEarthtothespacecraftisoftendeterminedveryaccuratelyfromthetimebetweentworadiosignals. A. interactionB.alternativeC. interferenceD. intervalFindinghimselftrappedintheDeathVaIley,

43、hehadasuddenfeelingof. A. despairB. desperateC. frightenedD. dreadfullnatimeofsociaIreform, people?sstateofmindtendstosociety. A. takestepB.matchupC.keepintouchD. makeprogresswillbeseverelyreduced.23. 24.25 . 26. 27. 28.29. 30. A. optionsB. notionsC. fortunesD. occasionsA. conventionallyB. convertib

44、lyC. converselyD. conversationallyhusband. A. approachedB. searchedC. scannedD. recalleddomesticindustries. A. lookedlikeB. variedwithC. thoughtforD.supposedaswall. A. scrapedB. brushedC. pulledD. portedeverytownhaving50householdormore. A. foundedB. foundC.formulatedD. fundedA.seenaboutB . viewedasC

45、 .happenedt oD. metwithA. virtuall yB. vertica llyC. viole ntlyD. visu allyA.B.C.D. consol edcomforte dapplauded consultedP artHICloz e rrespondin gletterwit hasingleli nethrought hecenter.Directi wingpassag cesmarkedA thatbestfions:Thereae. Foreachb,B, CandD.Y tsintothepre20blanks lanktherea oushouldch assage. TheinthefollorefourchoioosetheONEnmarkthecoScientist ssearching forpreciou smetalshav eturnedtot heoceanflo or, wherena turalchimn eysarespew ingoutamet al-eichedb lackdustco ntainingpa rticlesofg old, silver andzinc.Scient