小升初英语总复习资料2.docx

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1、小升初英语总复习一、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a.一般情况下，直接加一s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds;读音：清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读z。b.以s.X.sh.ch结尾，力口一es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches;读音：izoc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如

2、：fami ly-fami 1 ies,strawberry-strawberries;读音：zod.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knives,thief-thieves;读音：zoe.以“。”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es读音：z如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2）无生命的+s读音：口如：photo-photos radio-radiosf.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,pol iceman-pol icemen,po1icewoman-po1icewomen,snowman-

3、snowmen,mouse-mice,chi Id-chiIdren,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,f i sh-f i sh,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water,a piece of paper,a bottle of juice判断步骤：/如是am、is或was一原形读句子一读该单词一认识该单词一理解意思一看be动词如是are或were-力口s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复

4、数。I _ him_ this_ her_ watch_ mango_ child_photo_diary_ day-foot-dress_ tooth_sheep_ box-strawberry_thief_ engineer-peach_sandwich_ man-woman-leaf-people-2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。(1)Are there two(box)on the table?(2)1 can see some(people)in the cinema.(3)How many(day)are there in a week?(4)Here5re five(bottle)

5、of(juice)for you.(5)This(violin)is hers.Those(grape)are overthere.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如：an e-ma i 1,an orange,an old man,an Engl ish watch,an hour.2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：The map on

6、 the wall isnew.(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture,please.(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp.The stamp is beautiful.(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳the moon月亮the earth地球(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wal 1长城(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江(7)此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the.如：

7、the first day,the best boy,play the piano,in the same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练：1、用a或an填空。_ U_ ice-cream _ goalkeeper _teapot _apple_office _ Engl ish book _ umbrel la_ unit_ hour2、根据需要，填写冠词a,an或the。(1)Who is-girl behind_ tree?(2)_old man has two chi Idren,_ son and_daughter.(3)This is_ orange._

8、 orange is Lucy s.(4)He 1 ikes playing_guitar.We have_ same hobby.(5)We al 1 had_ good time last Sunday.(6)She wants to be-doctor.三，数词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别:基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上。如：21twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one 3

9、、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如:两碗米饭two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加th”，特殊的有：first,second,third,f if th,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth.第几十几：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth练一练：1、请翻译下列短语。(1)60名学生(2)15本英语书(3)九杯凉水(4)4个孩子(5)12月31(6

10、)6月2日(7)第九周(8)40年前(9)11+7(10)上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one-two-three-nine-f our teen-twenty-thirty-five-eighty-one四、代词代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag.=This is mine.That

11、 is her ruler.=That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：单数复数人称代词主格Iyouheshei tweyouthey宾格meyouhimheri tusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_she（形容词性物主代词）_we（名词性物主代词）-he（复数）-us（单数）-theirs（主格）-its（宾格）-2、想一想，把下表补充完整。人称代

12、词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meUSour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1)That is not-kite.That kite is very smal 1,but-is very big.(I)2)The dress is-Give i t to-(she)3)Is this-watch?(you)No,it，s not-.(I)4)_ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stampsare _(he)5)_dresses ar

13、e red.(we)What colour are_?(you)6)Show_your kite,OK?(they)7)I have a beautiful cat._ name is Mimi.These cakes are-(it)8)Are these_tickets?No,_ are not_ _aren5t here.(they)9)Shal1_have a look at that classroom?That is_classroom.(we)10)_is my aunt.Do you know_ job?_is a nurse.(she)11)Where are_?I can5

14、t find_ Let s cal 1_parents.(they)12)Don t touch_ _is not a cat,_ is a t iger!(it)13)_sister is ill.Please go and see _(she)14)The girl behind_ is our friend.(she)五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er最高级：the+est两个重要特征：as.as中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：(1)一般直

15、接+er。如:tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late-later(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如:big-bigger,fat-fatter(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-more careful,quietly-more quietly,interesting-more interesting(5)

16、有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well-better,bad/ill-worse,many/much-more,far-farther/further,old-older/elder.练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。biggoodlongtai 1oIdshortthinheavyyoungfat1ightstronghighfarlowearlylatewel1fastslow2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1)I can swim as_(fast)as the fish,I think.2)Look!His hands are _(big)than min

17、e.3)I think you do these things-(well)than your classmates.4)Whose bag is_(heavy),yours or mine?5)Does Jim run as_(slow)as David?Yes,but Mike runs(slow)than them.6)You have seven books,but I have_(many)than you.I ha veten.7)I jump_(far)than some of the boys in my class.8)r m very_(thin),but she s_(t

18、hin)than me.9)11 gets-and_(warm)when spring comes here.六、介词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,out of,from to，at the back of.2、表示时间的介词有：at,on,ino（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”,或用在固定词组中。如:at teno clock,at 9:30 a.m.,at nig

19、ht,at the weekend.（2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段,，如:on Friday,on thefirst of October,on Monday morning.（3）in表示在某一段时间（月份、季节）里如：in the afternoon,in September,in summer,in 2005.3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：inblue（穿着蓝色的衣服），inEnglish（用英语表达），take part in（参加）o练一练:1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1)What s this_(at,on,in)English?2)Christmas is_(at,

20、on,in)the 25th of December.3)The man-(with,on,in)black is Su Hai s father.4)He doesn,t do wel 1_(at,on,in)PE.5)Look at those birds _(on,in)the tree.6)We are going to meet_(at,on,in)the bus stop_(at,on,in)half past ten.7)Is there a cat _(under,behind,in)the door?8)Helen,s writing paper is_(in,in fron

21、t of)her computer.9)We live_(at,on,in)a new house now.10)Does i t of ten rain _(at,on,in)spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1)Jim is good in English and Maths.ground just now.3)They are talking to their plans.the Spring Festival?2)The fi1ms were in the4)How many students havetheir birthdays

22、 on May?5)Women,s Day is at the third of on themorning.7)Did you water trees at the farm?me onmy English?9)I usually take photos in SundayMarch.6)I can jog to school8)Can you come and helpmorning.10)What did you do on七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可

23、用如下方法：先用“一(量词)”(如：一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1,be动词(am,is,are,was,were)1)amwas,is-was,are-were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2)肯定和否定句I am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in thedining room

24、.My hair is(not)long.Her eyes are(not)sma 11.3)一般疑问句Am I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you aren t.Are theyAmerican?Yes,they are.No,they aren t.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isn t.4)be动词的否定形式：am not(没有缩写形式)，are not=aren5t,is not=isn,t 用恰当的be动词填空。练一练：1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1)I_a boy._ you a boy?No,I_Jacks sister.

25、3)The dog_ tai 1 and fat.big eyes_ a teacher.5)_ your brother in the classroom?your father?7)Mike and Liu Tao_ at school,this?9)Whose socks_ they?11)The jeans_on the desk.12)Here_ a scarf for you.sweaters for you.14)The black gloves_ for Su Yang.gloves_ for Yang Ling.16)The two cups of mi Ik_for me.

26、in the glass.18)Gao shan,s shirt_over there.not.2)The girl_4)The man with6)How_8)Whose dress_10)Who_ I?13)Here_ some15)This pair of17)Some tea_19)My sister,sname-Nancy.20)_ David and Helen from England?21)There_ a girlin the room.22)There_some apples on the tree.23)_ thereany apple juice in the bott

27、le?24)There_some bread on the plate.25)You,he and I_ from China.26)There_a boy,two girls,three men and ten women in the park.2、助动词(do,does,did)do,does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not=don5t,does not=doesn,t,did not=didn,to注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do;助动词do,does,did后面一定要用动词原形

28、。练1、用适当的助动词填空。1)_you 1 ike this magazine?2)The girl_ 1 ike bread for breakfast.3)What_ she_at the weekends?-She usual ly plays games withher friends.4)Wha-you do last Sunday?-1 wrote to my friend.5)-Did you see a Beijing opera?-No,I-6)He_ not visit a farm last Nationa1 Day holiday.7)They-not like pl

29、aying volleybal1.8)_Jim have a picnic with his fami ly every Saturday?-Yes,he.9)Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10)How many kites_ we have?-We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。()1)Did you had a big lunch with your family last SpringFestival?A BC()2)-What do the boy have in his

30、 pencil-box?-He has arubber.A BC()3)They doesn t 1 ike the film.ABC()4)Do Jim get up at six everyday?A BC()5)Don,t giving the bal1 to Liu Tao.A BC3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should,will、would,may、might、musto注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)其否定形式：ca

31、n not=can,t,must not=mustn，t,注意：may not和shall not(无缩写形式)练一练：选择填空。()1)The s ign on the wa 11 means you_ stay away from the bui Iding.A.must B.can t C.shouldnt()2)How many books-you see on the desk?A.may B.canC.should()3)11 means you_ make noise in the 1 ibrary.A.should B.shouldnt C.can()4)_ you 1 ike

32、 a glass of mi Ik?-Yes,please.A.May B.Could C.Would()5)-you see the sign over there?-Sorry,I can t.A.Can B.Can t C.Should()6)_ we go to the park by bus?A.May B.Must C.Shall4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+ed。(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接力口s,如：p

33、lay-plays,visit-visits,speak-speaks;B、以s,x,sh,ch结尾时，加es,如:catch-catches,watch-watches;C、以辅音字母+y”结尾时，变y为i再加es,如：carry-carries,study-studieso(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则：A、一般直接加ing,如：go-going,do-doing,look-looking;B、以不发音的e结尾的单词，去e加ing,如：take-taking,make-making,have-having;C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加ing,如：

34、put-putting,stop-stopping,run-running,get-getting,swim-swimming,sit-sitting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting。(3)过去式构成规则：A、一般直接加ed,如:plant-planted,visit-visited,pick-picked;B、以不发音字母e结尾,直接加ed,如：like-liked,hope-hoped,taste-tasted;C、以辅音字母+y”结尾时,变y为i再加ed,如：try-tried,carried,study-studied;D、有

35、些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加ed,如：stop-stopped;E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：是-am(be)-was-being;是-are(be)-were-being;是-be-was,were-being;成为一become-became-becoming;开始一begin-began-beginning;弯曲-bend-bent-bending;0C-b 1 ow-b 1 ew-b lowing;-buy-bough t-buying;能-can-could-;捕捉一catch-caught-catching;选择-choose-chose-choosing;来car

36、ry-come-came-coming;切-cuLcut-cutting;做一do,does-did-doing;-draw-drew-drawing;饮-drink-drank-drinking;吃-eat-ate-eating;感觉-feel-fel t-feel ing;发现-find-found-finding;飞-fly-flew-flying;忘记-forget-forgot-forget t ing;得到Hget-got-getting;给-give-gave-giving;走-go-went-going;成长-grow-grew-growing;有-have,has-had-h

37、aving;听-hear-heard-hearing;受伤-hurLhurt-hurting;保持-keep-kept-keeping;知道-know-knew-knowing;学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning;允许，让-let-let-letting;躺-1 ie-lay-lying;制造-make-made-making;可以-may-might-;-mean-meant-meaning;会见-meet-met-meeting;必须-must-must-;放置-put-put-putting;读-read-read-reading;骑、乘-r ide-rod

38、e-r iding;响、1-ring-rang-ringing;-run-ran-running;说-say-said-saying;看见-see-saw-seeing;将-shall-should;唱歌-sing-sang-singing;坐下-sit-sat-sitting;睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping;i-speak-spoke-speaking;度过-spend-spent-spendingo练一练：1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink_go_stay_make_ look_have _pass _ carry_ come_ watch_plant-fly-st

39、udy_ brush_do_ teach_take_ see_2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put _ give_fly_ get _dance_ sit-run_plant_ take_ swim_ ask_ stop_take_write_have_ smoke_ think_want_ tel 1-3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam_ fly_ plant_ are_ drink_play-go-make_ does_ dance_worry_ ask_ taste_eat _draw_ put_throw_ kick_pass_ do _4、用动词的适当形式填空。(1)1_to scho

40、ol f rom Monday to Friday.My brother of ten_toschool with me.Yesterday we_ to school together.We 1 ike_to school very much.(go)(2)They usua1ly_ lunch at home.But last week,they_ lunchat school.(have)(3)That-my Engl ish book.11_ new.But now i t_not here.It_there a moment ago.(be)(4)My sister 1 ikes_v

41、ery much.She of ten_ at our schoolfestival.Last term,she_a lot ofsongs in the school hall.She_ beautiful ly.(sing)(5)What_ he usually_ on Sunday?He usual ly_his homework.Look!He_ his homework now._ he_ his homework lastSunday?Yes,he_(do)(6)Do people usua1ly-moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival?Yes,they

42、 do.Did you_moon cakeslast Mid-autumn Festival?Yes,I did.I _a lot of delicious mooncakes.(eat)八、there/here be结构1、therebe结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人，包括thereis、thereare、therewas、there werehere be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。2、和have、has、had的区别：(1)Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)；而have、has、had表示:某人拥有某物。(2)在there be

43、句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定一一“就近原则”。(3)there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(4)there be句型与have(has)的区别：there be表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。(5)some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。(6)and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How ma

44、ny+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What5s+介词短语？(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1)There_ four seasons in a year.2)There _not any trees two years ago.3)_ there a post office near your school?-Yes,there4)How many stops_ there?-There_only

45、 one.5)There_ not any stamps on the envelope.6)_ there any birds in the tree?7)There_ a shopping centre near our school last year.But nowthere_no one.8)There_ only three of us:my dad,my mum and me.9)Here_some bread for you.10)In New York,there _ a lot of rain in spring.2、选用have,has,had,there is,ther

46、e are,there was,填空。1)I_a good father and a good mother.2)_on the desk.3)He_ a tape-recorder.4)_ athe playground.5)They_a nice garden.6)My father_a story-book last year.7)_ a reading-room in the building?8)What does Mike_?9)_ any books in the bookcase?10)How many students_ in the classroom?11)_a stor

47、y-book on the table a moment ago.12)What do you_?13)My parents_ some nice pictures.14)_some maps on the wall.15)_ a map of the world on the wall.16)David s friends-some tents.17)many children on the hill.九、some,any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明there were”a telescopebasketba11 in的用法。例：There

48、 is some water in the glass.（肯定句）There are some flowers in the garden.（肯定句）There aren,t any lamps in the study.（否定句）Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）Would you 1 ike some orange juice?（希望得到肯定回答）Do you want to take any photos at the party?（一般疑问句）练一练：选用some或any填空。1）There isn t_ milk in the fridge.

49、2）I can see_ cars,but I can,t see_buses.3）He has_ friends in England.4）Were there_fruittrees on the farm?5）Here are_ presents for you.6）Does Tom want to take_ photos?7）_ Is thererice in the kitchen?_ 8）There are_newbuiIdings in our school.9）-Would you 1 ike-cakes?-No,I d not like_ cakes,butr d 1 ike

50、_coffee.10）-Are there_pictures on the wall?-No,there aren,t_pictures.十、动词不定式1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义。如：I want to make a New Year card.我想制作一张新年贺卡。Would you 1 ike to have a picnic with us?你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗？2、to保留原来动词的一些特征，它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如：To get there faster,you can take bus No.5.想快一点到那儿,你可以坐5路车。3、to前