小升初英语语法分类汇编+复习要点归纳+特殊定语从句.docx

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1、小升初英语语法分类汇编+复习要点归纳+特殊定语从句小升初英语语法大全一、名词表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was ;最好不要根据some, any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。L可数名词如何变一复数形式|：a .一般情况下,直接加-s ,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读。b .以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es ,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch

2、-watches ;读音:izec .以一辅音字母+y |结尾，变y为i,再加-es ,如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音：zod .以一f 或 fe|结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es ,如：knife-knives , thief-thieves ;读音:Zoe .以一。|结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es 读音:z如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2）无生命的+s 读音:z iD : photo-photos radio-radiosf.不规贝!l 名词复数: man

3、-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上一量词+of|。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper; a bottle of juic

4、e判断步骤：/如是am、is或was一原形读句子一读该单词一认识该单词-理解意思一看be动词、如是are或were一加s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。Ihimthisherwatchmangochildphoto _ diary _ day foot dress tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberrythief _engineerpeach_sandwichmanwomanleaf_ people2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。(1) Are there two( box) on the table?(2)1 can see some( people) in the

5、 cinema.(3) How many ( day) are there in a week?(4) Here* re five ( bottle ) of (juice ) for you.(5) This( violin ) is hers. Those( grape ) are over there.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为不定冠词|和一定冠词|两种。L不定冠词：a、an,用在单数名词前，表示-一个，T牛|. an用在以元音一音素|开头的单词前。如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch

6、, an hour.2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：The map on the wall is new.(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳the moon月亮the earth地球(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great

7、 Wall长城(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江(7)此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词 the。如:the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练：L用a或an填空。_U|ice-creamgoalkeeperteapotappleofficeEnglish bookumbrellaunithour2、根据需要，填写冠词a , an或the.(1) Who isgirl behin

8、dtree?(2)old man has two children,son anddaughter.(3) This isorange.orange is Lucy s.(4) He likes playingguitar. We havesame hobby.(5) We all hadgood time last Sunday.(6) She wants to bedoctor.三，数词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有-the|;序数词前一定要有-the|。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上二|。如

9、：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and.如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭two bowls of rice5、序数词加入可|,特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth.一第几十几|:前面整十不变，后面几|改为序数词。如：

10、88 eighty-eighth练一练:L请翻译下列短语。(1)60名学生(2)15本英语书(3)九杯凉水(4)4个孩子12月31(6)6月2日(7)第九周(8)40年前(9)11+7(10)上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序数词。onetwo-three-ninefourteentwentythirty-fiveeighty-one四、代词代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于

11、谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag.=This is mine. That is her ruler.=That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：单数复数人称主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey代词宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir代词名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I （宾格）she （形容词性物主代词）we

12、（名词性物主代词）he （复数）us （单数）theirs （主格）its （宾格）2、想一想，把下表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meUSour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1 ) That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big.(I)2 ) The dress is. Give it to.( she )3 ) Is this watch?(you ) No, it s not.(I)4

13、)is my brother name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are.(he)5 )dresses are red.(we ) What colour are?(you )6 ) Show your kite, OK?(they)7 ) I have a beautiful cat.name is Mimi. These cakes are.(it)8 ) Are these tickets? No,are not.aren t here.(they)9 ) Shall have a look at that classroom? That is classr

14、oom.( we )10 )is my aunt. Do you know job?is a nurse.( she )11 ) Where are? I can t find.Let s call parents.(they)12 ) Don t touch.is not a cat,is a tiger!(it)13 )sister is ill. Please go and see.( she)14 ) The girl behind is our friend.( she )五、形容词、副词L形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最

15、局)级。比较级：+er最段)级：the .+est两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：(1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如： late - later (2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如： big - bigger, fat - fatter (3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i,再加-er.如：heavy -heavier, early - earlier (4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加mo

16、re构成。如： beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting -more interesting(5)有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well - better, bad/ill - worse, many/much - more, far - farther/further; old - older/elder.练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstr

17、onghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as( fast) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things( well) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is( heavy), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs( slow ) t

18、han them.6) You have seven books, but I have( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump( far) than some of the boys in my class.8) f m very(thin ), but she s(thin ) than me.9) It gets and( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介词L 一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under; with, behind, abo

19、ut, near; before, after; for, to, up, down, from, in front of out of,from.to., at the back of.2、表示时间的介词有：at, on, in。(1) at表示在某一个具体的时间点上|,或用在固定词组中。如：at ten o clock； at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend.(2) on 表示一在某日或某日的时间段如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning.(3) in 表示一在某一段时间(月份、季

20、节)里|。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summen in 2005.3、in 一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue （穿着蓝色的衣服），in English （用英语表达)，take part in (参加、练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) What s this( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai s father.4) He doesn

21、* t do well( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet( at, on, in ) the bus stop( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat( under; behind, in ) the door?8) Helen s writing paper is(in, in front of) her computer.9) We live( at； on, in ) a new house now.10)

22、 Does it often rain( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths.2) The films were in the ground just now.3) They are talking to their plans.4) How many students have their birthdays on May?5) Women, s Day is at the third of March.6) I can jog to scho

23、ol on the morning.7) Did you water trees at the farm?8) Can you come and help me on my English?9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词1动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用一一(量词)|(如：一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得

24、通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用一很|去判断，就是把一很|和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、be 动词(am, is, are, was, were )1 ) amwas, is -was, a re-were 口诀：我用am,你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用 are.2 )肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(

25、not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.3 )一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn t.4 ) be动词的否定形式：am not (没有缩写形式)，are not = aren t , is not = isn t .用恰当的be动词填空。练一练:1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1 ) I a boy.you a boy? N

26、o, I not.2 ) The girl Jacks sister.3) The dog tall and fat.4 ) The man with big eyes a teacher.5 )your brother in the classroom?6) How your father?7) Mike and Liu Tao at school.8) Whose dress this?9 ) Whose socks they?10 ) Who I?)Here a scarf for you.11) The jeans on the desk.1213 ) Here some sweate

27、rs for you.15 )This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.17 ) Some tea in the glass.19 ) My sisters name Nancy.21) There a girl in the room.23 )there any apple juice in the14 )The black gloves for Su Yang.16 ) The two cups of milk for me.18) Gao shans shirt over there.20)David and Helen from England?22 JFhe

28、re some apples on the tree,bottle?24) There some bread on the plate.25) You, he and I from China.26) There a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.2、助动词(do, does, did ) do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = don t, does not = doesn* t, did not = didn te注意：在一般现在时

29、中,does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do ;助动词d。, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。练一练:1、用适当的助动词填空。1)you like this magazine?2) The girl like bread for breakfast3) -What she at the weekends?-She usually plays games with herfriends.4) -Wha you do last Sunday?-I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera?-No, I.6) He not v

30、isit a farm last National Day holiday.7) They not like playing volleyball.8) -Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday?Yes, he .9)Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites we have?-We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。()1) Did you had a big lunch with your fam

31、ily last Spring Festival?A. Did B. had C .with()2)-What do the boy have in his pencil-box?-He has a rubber.A. do B. have C. has()3) They doesn1 t like the film.A. doesn1 B. like C. film()4) Do Jim get up at six everyday?()5) Dont giving the ball to Liu Tao.A. Dont B. giving C. to3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，

32、平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall, should, will、would、may、might x muste注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任I可条件影响)其否定形式：can not = can t, must not = mustn t,.注意:may not 和 shall not (无缩写形式)练一练：选择填空。()1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.A. must B. can t C. sho

33、uldnt()2) How many books you see on the desk?A. may B. can C. should()3) It means you make noise in the library.A. should B. shouldnt C. can()4)you like a glass of milk?- Yes, please.A. May B. Could C. Would()5)you see the sign over there?- Sorry, I can* t.A. Can B. Can, t C. Should()6)we go to the

34、park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+ed。(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、直接加飞|,如：play - plays, visit - visits, speak - speaks ;B、以飞|,可|,飞可|,-ch|结尾时,iJQ-es|,如：catch - catches, watch - watches ;C、以-辅音字母+y|结尾时，变|为飞|再加飞|,如：c

35、arry - carries, study - studies .(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则：A、一直接加一ing|,如：go - going, do - doing, look - looking ;B、以不发音的ie|结尾的单词，去飞|加7ng,如 lake - taking, make - making, have-having ;C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加7ng|,如： put - putting, stop - stopping, run - running, get - getting, swim - swimming, sit -

36、 sitting, begin - beginningjog - jogging, forget - forgetting .(3)过去式构成规则：A、直接加飞训，如：plant - planted, visit - visited, pick - picked ;B、以不发音字母飞|结尾，直接加飞圳，如：like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tasted ;C以一辅音字母+y|结尾时，变？|为飞再加飞训,如:try - tried, carry - carried, study -studied ;D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加一ed|,如：stop

37、- stopped ;E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：是-am(be)-was-being ;是-are(be)were-being ;是-be-was, were-being ;成为-become-became-becoming ;开始-begin-began-beginning ;弯曲-bend-bent-bending ;吹-blow-blew-blowing ;买-buy-bought-buying ;能一can-could;捕捉-catch-caught-catching ;选择一choose-chose-choosing ;来-come-came-coming ; W-

38、cut-cut-cutting ;做-do, does-did-doing ;画draw-drew-drawing ;饮-drink-drank-drinking ;吃-eat-ate-eating ;感觉-feel-feltfeeling ;发现-find-found-finding ;飞-fly-flew-flying ;忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting ;得至(J-get-got-getting ;给-give-gave-giving ;走-go-went-going ;成长-grow-grew-growing ;有-have, has-had-having ;Df

39、r-hear-heard-hearing ;受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting ;保持-keep-kept-keeping ;知道-know-knew-knowing ;学习-lean-learned, learnt-learning ;允许，让-let-let-letting ;躺-lie-lay-lying ;制造-make-made-making ;可以-may-might;意味-mean-meant-meaning ;会见-meet-met-meeting ;必须-must-must;放置-put-put-putting ;读-read-read-reading ;骑、乘-rid

40、e-rode-riding ;响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing ;跑-run-ran-running ;说-say-said-saying ;看见-see-saw-seeing ;将rhall-should;唱歌-sing-sang-singing ;坐下-sit-sat-sitting ;睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping ;说-speak-spoke-speaking ;度过-spend-spent-spending o练一练：1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drinkgo .staymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystud

41、ybrushdoteachtake_see_2、写出下列动词的现在分词。putgiveflygetdancesitrunplanttakeswimaskstoptakewritehavesmokethinkwanttell3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam _fly plant_aredrink一playgomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkick _pass do4、用动词的适当形式填空。(1)1 to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often to school withme. Yeste

42、rday we to school together. We like to school very much,(go)(2) They usually lunch at home. But last week, theylunch at school.(have)(3) That my English book. It new. But now it not here. It there a moment ago.( be )(4) My sister likes very much. She often at our school festival. Lastterm, she a lot

43、 of songs in the school hall. She beautifully.( sing )(5) What he usually on Sunday? He usually his homework. Look!He his homework now.he his homework last Sunday?Yes, he.( do )(6)Do people usually moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Didyou moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I di

44、d. I a lot of delicious moon cakes.(eat)八、there/here be 结构1、there be结构表示-某时、某地存在着什么事物或人,包括there is、there are、there was、there were, here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示-这里存在着什么事物或人|。2、和 have、has、had 的区别：(1) There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。(2)在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is ;主语是复数，be动词用are ;如有几件物品，b

45、e动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定就近原则|。(3) there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(4)there be句型与have(has)的区别：there be表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。(5) some和any在there be句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。(6)and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语？ How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语？(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What s +介词短语？(9) There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1) There four seasons in a year.