新视野大学英语第四册unit7.docx

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1、Unit Seven1. Objectives:To memorize new words and phrases in this unitTo master the grammatical structureTo review students reading skill of scanning.To learn to write topic sentences for a paragraphIL Sentences patterns (lOmin.)1. The prime mover behind the project, Luca Cavalli-Sforza, a Stanford

2、professor, labored with his colleagues for 16 years to create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world.2. The unique character of the clicking sounds in their language has persuaded some researchers that the Khoisan people are directly descended form the most primitive human ancestors.3.

3、 The same map, in combination with ancient human bones, confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.4. The genetic maps also shed new light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists.IIL Key words and useful exp

4、ressions:Section A: superiority, bias, remarkable, variation, emigrate, assemble, remote, primitive, nothing less than, to date, be confined to, as from/of, in effect. Adapt to, in combination with, shed/throw light on, be descended from, serve as.IV. Time ArrangementperiodactivityTime limitTeaching

5、 Method1Pre-reading Tasks45 min.presentation,discussion,Audio-visual2&3While-reading Tasks90 min.Qs-and-As,explanation,exemplification,analysis,paraphrase, translation4Post-reading Tasks45 min.explanation,5Writing Practice45 min.exemplification,groupdiscussion6Reading skills45 min.exemplification, a

6、nalysis7&8Listening & Speaking90 min.Audio-visual, group discussion, communicationSection A Research into Population Genetics1. Pre-reading (1st period 45 min.)1. 1 : preview (20 min.): Background InformationLuca Cavalli-Sforza, bom in Genoa, Italy, was educated at the University of Pavia where he g

7、ained his MD in 1944. He has specialized mainly in the genetics of human populations, producing with Walter Bodmer a comprehensive survey of the subject in their Genetics, Evolution and Man (1976). He has also done much to show how genetic data from present human racial groups could be used to recon

8、struct their past separations. This reconstruction, based on the analysis of 58 genes, yields a bifurcated (分为两部分的)evolutionary tree with Caucasian (高加索人)and African races in one branch and Orientals (东方人),Oceanians (大洋洲人),and Amerinds (美洲印第安人)in the other. Khoisan is the name by which the lighter s

9、kinned indigenous (本土的)peoples of southern Africa, the Khoi (Hottentots) and the San (Bushmen) are known. These people were the earliest inhabitants of Africa. There were probably about 120,000 living in South Africa around 1500.The Basques are a people who live in a small region (about the size of

10、Rhode Island in the United States) that straddles the border of Spain and France from the sea in the west into the Pyrenees (比利牛斯山脉)in the east. This area is called Euskal Herria. There are about 660,000, according to the 1991 census (人口 普查).1. 2 Topic-related video (15min.)1. 3 Topic-related discus

11、sion (lOmin.)1) . If you were to be deprived of one of your five senses (sight, touch, smell, taste, and hearing) which one would you most hate to give up?2) . Does our society allow women to assume masculine roles more readily than it allows males to assume roles traditionally called feminine? Disc

12、uss.3) . Which is more important for success: the natural ability you are born with or hard work?2. While-reading (2nd and 3rd periods 90 min.)2.1 Global reading (30min.)2. 1. 1 Understand the major details of the text1) What does The History and Geography of Human Genes conclude?(The book concludes

13、 that despite surface features, the “races“ are remarkably alike under the skin.)2) ) Where did the scientists find the information to draw a global family tree?(In human blood: various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a persons genetic makeup.)3) Why did people assume that Australias native

14、 people were closely related to black Africans? What do the discoveries made by the scientists show?(Because they share such superficial characteristics as skin color and body shape. But the discoveries indicate that Australians are most distant from the Africans and most closely resemble the Southe

15、ast Asians.)4) What else does the genetic map of the world show us about Africa?(It confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.)5) Apart from the human origins, what else does genetic information contribute to human beings?(It is t

16、he latest raw material of the medical industry. And in addition, it can be used to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice.)2. 1. 2 Organization of the text (20min.)1) Main idea of the text (lOmin.)The passage is concentrated on the latest research development in population g

17、enetics.2) Text structure analysis (lOmin.)Part One (Para. 1) The author makes it clear that there is no scientific basis for theories pushing the genetic superiority of any one population over another according to the book, The History and Geography of Human Genes. It is a book containing a remarka

18、ble collection of more than 50 years of research. (in population genetics)Part Two (Para. 2) deals with the exceptional work in the book: the creation of of the world that the routes of early humans9 migration to find the closest thing we have to a global family tree, (the first genetic map)Part Thr

19、ee (Para. 3-4) tells us that to draw a global family tree, information should be collected from. It is difficult to collect blood samples from ancient population. (human blood, in remote areas)Part Four (Para. 5-9) lists four major contributions of the first genetic map of the world.(1) A color map

20、of the worlds genetic variation has at one end of therange and at the other. (Africa, Australia)(2) Australias native people and black Africans share but their genes tell a different story. ( superficial characteristics)(3) The racial differences - between Europeans and Africans, for example - are m

21、ainly a way to adapt to as humans move from onecontinent to another, (climate)(4) The genetic maps also shed new light on the of populations thathave long puzzled scientists, (origin)Part Five (Para. 10) Conclusion Apart from scientific value of the research, the social significance is to weaken con

22、ventional notion of race that cause . (racial prejudice)2. 2 Detailed reading (60min.)2. 2. 1 Words and phrases (40min.)1. discount (L. 5)他说的许多话都是要打折扣的,他喜欢想象。Much of what he says must be discounted; he imagines things.(v. think that sth. is not important or true)我们可以不理会利物浦队他们有三名伤员。We can discount Li

23、verpool - they have three injured players. He does not 这种灾难不只发生在洪水泛滥地区,也不只发生在冬季。Disasters of this sort were confined to neither traditionally flooded land nor the winter months.(be restricted or kept within certain limits or time)So far, fighting.(战斗没有超出首都的范围) (has been confined to the capital city)

24、 温故知新:Sure, everyone wants to be financially comfortable, but we also want to feel we have a perspective on the world beyond the confines of our occupation, (n. limits) (Unit 8-A, Book 2)4. in effect (L. 24)事实上,些主要职业的安全性被永远破坏了。In effect, the security of major professions was undermined for ever, (in

25、 fact)What the management is saying, (实际上),is that they are going to stop recruiting new staff, (in effect)5. superficial (L. 36)乍看两辆车差不多,但实际上区别很大。There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they* re quite different(a. appearing to be true or real until looked at more caref

26、ully)The car was completely wrecked in the accident, but the driver only received.(轻微伤)(superficial injuries) (a. only on the surface, not deep) 我对那个主题只知道一些皮毛。I only have a superficial knowledge of the subject.(a. having no depth of understanding or feeling)温故知新:In a very few hours, we found ourselv

27、es accepting and internalizing the superficial and prejudiced judgments of ourselves that prevailed among the people we met. (Unit 6-B, Book 2)6. shed/throw/cast light on (L. 46)另外,这研究也希望弄清城市不断变化的经济角色所带来的社会影响。In addition, the research is expected to shed light on the social consequences of citiescha

28、ngingeconomic roles. (make a problem etc. easier to understand)Scientists working in the Gobi desert(有了新的认识)the life of dinosaurs, (have shed new light on) 温故知新:“It sheds light on issues which could later widen and result in divorce,“ said a lawyer. (Unit 9-a, Book 3)7. be descended from (L. 50)她总是声

29、称她的家族是古埃及国王的后裔。She always claimed her family was descended from the ancient Kings of Egypt.(have sb. as an ancestor)Charles Darwin pointed out that.(人类是动物的后 裔)(human beings are descended from animals)8. distinctive (L. 54) (a. clearly noticeable)你们要尽职去帮助保持一种风格独特的啤酒,以便后人更好地享用。You will play your part

30、in helping to preserve a distinctive type of beer for future generations to enjoy. (a. having characteristics that makes sth. different)The buildings (最大特色)is its enormous dome-shaped roof, (most distinctive feature) 词语辨析:distinctive a.和其他东西有区别的,独特的distinct a.很明确的,清楚的;不同的His hobbies are quite from h

31、is work, (distinct)There is a smell of cigarettes every time he comes into the room, (distinct)There is a smell in the room, (distinctive)温故知新:Once you know Engelbreits distinctive style, you can recognize her cards from 20 paces away - bright, funny, and with an eye to the past. (Unit 4-B, Book 3)9

32、. exploit (L. 65)我们必须确保充分开发我们的资源。We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible. (v. develop)Although nobody wishes to(被剥削)with low wages and very difficult conditions, it is frankly better to find the ways and means of presenting yourself somehow, than not perform at all. (

33、be exploited) (v.剥削)Russia could(利用自己的地位)as a major oil producer to push up world oil prices, (exploit its position) (v. make use of) 温故知新:You imagined mysterious figures in the night, the crack of guns, clever disguises, secret exploits, (n. brave or adventurous actions) (Unit 1-B, Book 3)2. 2. 2 S

34、entence patterns (lOmin.)1) )原句:Because Australia s native people and black Africans share such superficial characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely assumed to be closely related. But their genes tell a different story. (L. 36)因为澳洲土著和非洲黑人之间有一些共同的外表特 征,如肤色、体型等,所以普遍认为他们有较近的亲缘关系。但

35、是他们的基因却表明并非如 此。句型:Sth./Sb. is widely assumed/believed 檢But sth./sb. else tells a different story,人们普遍 认为然而并非如此。应用：人们普遍认为诚信已从我们的社会生活中消失。然而汤姆的经历表明并非如此。 Honesty is widely assumed to have gone out of our social life. But Toms experiences told a different story.2) 原 口J: rhe same map, in combination with

36、ancient human bones, confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements. (L. 42) 结合对远古人骨的研究,这图谱证实了非洲是人类的诞生地,因而也是人类迁移的始发地。 句型:Sth., in combination with sth. else, confirms that 结合某事证实了应用:结合他们的研究,这理论证实了海洋生物是最原始的生物。This theory, in combination

37、 with their research, confirms that marine animals are the most primitive living things.3) 原句:The study s ultimate aim, he says, is to w weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice. (L. 68)他说研究的最终目的是“削弱”造成种族偏见的“传统的种族 观念”。句型:The ultimate aim/target/objective/ goal of doing sth. is

38、 t 做某事的最终目的是应用:他这本书的最终目的是要说明,尽管人们的肤色不同,其他方面都非常相似。The ultimate aim of his book is to show that although people have different skin color, they are remarkably alike.3. Post-reading （4,h period 45min.）3. 1 Useful expressions （25min.）to date (L. 3)nothing less than (10)serve as (17)be confined to (L. 22

39、)as of 1492 (L. 23)in effect (L. 24)on one occasion (L. 29)to tell a different story (L. 37)adapt to (L. 40)in combination with (L. 42)to shed/throw/cast light on (L. 46)be descended from (L. 50)1）至今,直到现在2）简直是,同一点也不差3）起作用4）限定于5） 1492年以来6）事实上,实际上7）曾经;有一次;有一回8）并非如此9）使适应10）与起;共同11）阐明（某事）；使更为清楚12）为的后裔;是

40、的后人3. 2 Summary of the text (15min.)The book The History and Geography of Human Genes was written after the researchers had spent 16 years (1)the genetic similarities between the populations of the world. This was achieved largely by taking the (2)of hundreds of thousands of individuals, from all ar

41、ound the world, and then (3)their blood proteins. Scientifically this has allowed the writers to discover the (4)taken by early people (5)around the world and also to show that (6)the skin we are all very similar on a (7)level. The ultimate goal of the study, however, is not just (8): it hopes to ha

42、ve a social (9)by proving that there is no biological basis for (10)prejudice. (1 examining, 2 blood, 3 analyzing, 4 routes, 5 migrating, 6 under, 7 genetic, 8 scientific, 9 effect, 10 racial)3. 3 Assignments (5min.)3. 4 Assignments1) Paragraph recitation: Reading aloud2) Exercises of Section A3) To

43、pic for discussion: There are reasons to believe better parenting plays an important role in personal success.4) Preview Section B4.Writing (5th period-45min.):作文模版选择类模版(对立观点)Every student will be faced with the same question when he? Different people will offer different answers.Some students give

44、priority to. What they cherish is. In their mind, is not very importantso long as he works hard, a bright future is awaiting him.Other students pay more attention to. They attach great importance to the university because. How can you if?In a word, the best choice is. We can only get such a chance a

45、fter making great efforts. If we cannot obtain both , the first thing to consider is范文:Choose a Good Major or a Good University1 .考大学时有人看重好的专业2 .有人则注重好的大学3 .我的看法Every student will be faced with the same question when he passes the College English Examination: should he choose a good major or a good

46、university? Different people will offer different answers.Some students give priority to a good major. What they cherish is a specialty they like most. In their mind, whether the university is famous is not very importantso long as he works hard, he can learn it well in any university , and a bright

47、 future is awaiting him.Other students pay more attention to the university. They attach great importance to the university because the environment is vital to the making of an excellent person and is the symbol of a good future job itself. How can you have a wide vision and a broad horizon if you r

48、eceive education in a small college?In a word, the best choice is a good major at a good university. We can only get such a chance after making great efforts. If we cannot obtain both , the first thing to consider is a good major itself.5. Reading skill ( 6th period-45min.)6. 1 ScanningBroadly defined, to scan is to read quickly in order to locate or find the place in a piece of writing where a particular item of information is give