考研文学复习资料.docx
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1、文学体裁:诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧dramaOrigin 起源:Christianity 基督教- bible 圣经Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士(笔记)一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒)Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf贝奥武甫(national epic民族史诗)采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵(写作手法)例子: of man was the mild
2、est and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto诗章1、romance传奇文学2、代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵上和绿衣骑士)是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1 the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consistin
3、g of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体4、说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculi
4、ar manner; thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。小说观点:he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信)and a blind belief in fate(W 目地相信命运).他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。4、 Popular Ballads 大众民谣:a story h
5、old in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上).歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式代表人物:Bishop Thomas Percy托马斯.帕希主教代表作:Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔四、The Renaissance (16世纪)文艺复兴时期(Greek and Roman)戏居lj drama 诗
6、章 cantoThe term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama 文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。1、key work: humanism 人文主义: admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表
7、人物:1)、Thomas More托马斯莫尔Utopia乌托邦2)、Francis Bacon弗朗西斯培根第一个散文家(essayist)3)、Thomas Wyatt托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人sonnet(十四行诗):form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵)in 14 lines iambic pentameter4) Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞poets poet(诗人中的诗人)The Fairy Queen仙后(epic poem史诗)5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛blank verse(无韵体
8、:不押韵的五步抑扬格)是卜六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚戏剧 drama四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)五、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪)资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose散文1、文学特点:the Puritans(清教徒)believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the lov
9、e poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。2、代表人物:1)、John Donne约翰多恩“metaphysicaFpoets (玄学派诗人)的代表人物sonnet 十四行诗 Death be not proud(笔记)作品特点: strike the reader in Donnes extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘) novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角) novelt
10、y of its form.(新颖的形式)2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人(poem 诗歌 blank verse )Defense for the English People为英国人辩护Paradise Lost失乐园Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人Paradise Regained复乐园3)、John Bunyan 约翰拜扬 a great prose writer /zgive us the only great allegory(寓言)”Pilgrims Progress天路历程 prose 散文该书采用的写作手法“
11、written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式),medieval form of allegory(比喻) and dream六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)启蒙运动prose散文1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of t
12、he then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corru
13、pted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力
14、量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。2、18th century文学的三个方面:Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)3、代表人物:1)、Daniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel现实主义小说Novel:Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Jonathan Wild乔纳森.威尔德Moll Flanders摩尔.弗兰德斯2)、Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁 father o
15、f modern fiction(现代小说之父)Joseph Andrews约瑟夫.安德鲁斯受到了理查森的帕美勒的启发作家之间的不同:Richardsonno humor, minces words, moralizes.不幽默,咬文嚼字,说教Fieldingdirect, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity, full of animal spirits,tells the story of a vagabond life语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙,甚至有点俗,精神焕发,讲述流浪者的故事。The History
16、of Tom Jones, a foundling弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事 the best novel of him3) Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特Gullivers Travels格列佛游记novel反讽作品特点:no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift/s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him
17、.努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔理查森Pamela帕美勒 The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法In the form of letters 书信体小说5)、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德B谢尔丹School for Scandal造谣学校,喜剧comedy6)、Oliver Goldsmiths奥利佛哥尔德斯密斯散文作家essayistThe Vicar of Wakefie
18、ld威克菲尔德的牧师,小说novel(She Stoops to Conquer委曲求全,欢乐喜剧 rollicking comedyThe Deserted Village荒村,诗歌 poems4、Sentimentalism感伤主义no belief没有信仰The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brou
19、ght with it enslavement and ruin to the people.感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾,感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。代表人物:Thomas Gray托马斯.格雷Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌七、the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义18世纪晚期散文prose1、前浪漫主义代表人物:William Blake威廉,布莱克诗人poetRobert Burns罗伯特.彭斯苏格兰诗人poetPre-Romantici
20、sm was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution 而浪漫:义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。2、教育意义 Educational: liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱3、开始的标志:beginning with the publication of William WordsworthLyrical Ballads从威廉华兹华斯发表的“抒情歌谣”开始4、lake poets(湖畔诗人):Coleridge Southey Wordsw
21、orth5、代表人物:1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poetlaureate (桂冠诗人)1843The Prelude序曲自传性诗歌 Autobiographical poetryWith S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the Lyrical Ballads”.与 s.t.coleridge 一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣”作品特点:simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th cent
22、ury poetry筒单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌2)、Lord Byron拜伦(Childe Harold Pilgrimage查尔德?哈罗德游记cantos诗章成名作Don Juan唐璜poem诗satiric masterpiece讽刺的杰作Hours of Idleness闲散时刻 poem 诗 the first volume of poem 首卷诗3) Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱Prometheus Unbound解放的普罗米修斯 drama 戏剧Ode to the West Wind西风颂 poem 诗4)、John Keats 济慈 poet
23、诗人The Eve of St. Agnes圣阿格良斯之夜 poem (On a Greeian Urn希腊古瓮颂 poem To a Nightingale致夜莺 poem Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则5)、Walter Scott 沃特.斯科特 He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel.他是创造者和历史小说大师6)、Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁女(Pride and Prejudiced 傲慢与偏见(Sense and Sensibility理智与情感Emma爱玛写
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