计算机仿真实验.docx

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1、计算机控制技术及仿真实验指导姓名：谭富强学号：200810601117班级：电子一班攀枝范学院机电工程学院二00算十月实验一Mat I ab环境语法及数学运算(验证性实验)一、实验目的1、掌握Matlab软件使用的基本方法；2、熟悉Mat lab的数据表示、基本运算方法；3、熟悉Matlab绘图命令及基本绘图控制。二、实验仪器与软件1. PC机1台2. MATLAB6. X 环境三、实验原理MATLAB环境是一种为数值计算、数据分析和图形显示服务的交互式的环境。 MATLAB 有3种窗口，即：命令窗口(The Command Window)、nr文件编辑窗口(The Edit Window)和

2、图形窗口(The Figure Window),而 Simulink 另外又有 Simulink 模型编辑窗口。1 .命令窗口(The Command Window)当MATLAB启动后，出现的最大的窗口就是命令窗口。用户可以在提示符“”后面输入交互的命令，这些命令就立即被执行。在MATLAB中，一连串命令可以放置在一个文件中，不必把它们直接在命令窗口内输入。在命令窗口中输入该文件名，这一连串命令就被执行了。因为这样的文件都是以”.m”为后缀，所以称为m-文件。2 . nr文件编辑窗口(The Edit Window)我们可以用m-文件编辑窗口来产生新的m-文件，或者编辑已经存在的m-文件。在

3、MATLAB主界面上选择菜单“File/New/M-file”就打开了一个新的m-文件编辑窗口；选择菜单“File/Open”就可以打开一个已经存在的m-文件，并且可以在这个窗口中编辑这个m-文件。四、实验内容:1、帮助命令使用help命令，查找sqrt （开方）函数的使用方法;2、矩阵运算（1）矩阵的乘法已知 A=l 2;34; B=55;78;求 A2*BZ =105115229251（2）矩阵除法已知 A=l 23;456;789;B=l 00;020;003;AB, A/BC =1.0e+016*-0.45041.8014-1.35110.9007-3.60292.7022-0.450

4、41.8014-1.3511D =1.00001.00001.00004.00002.50002.00007.00004.00003.0000(3)矩阵的转置及共规转置已知 A=5+i,2-i, l;6*i,4,9-i;求 A., AC =5.0000+1.0000 i0+6.0000 i2.0000-1.0000 i4.00001.00009.0000-l.OOOOiD =5.0000-1.0000 io -6.0000 i2.0000+1.0000 i4.00001.00009.0000+1.0000 i(4)使用冒号选出指定元素已知:A=l 23;456;789;求A中第3列前2个元素；

5、A中所有列第2,3行的元素;A=l 23;456;789B=A(1:2,3)C=A(2:3,:)A =123456789C =456789(5)方括号口用magic函数生成一个4阶魔术矩阵，删除该矩阵的第四列A=magic(4)B=A(:,1：3)A =16231351110897612414151B =162351110976414153、多项式(1)求多项式p(x)= x3+2x+4的根p=l 024x=roots(p)10240.5898+1.7445i0.5898-1.7445i-1.1795(2)已知 A=1.2350.9;51.756;3901;1234,求矩阵A的特征多项式；p

6、=1. 0000-6.9000-77.2600-86.1300604.5500求特征多项式中未知数为20时的值；A=1.2350.9;51.756;3901;1234p=poly(A)y=polyval(p,20)A工1.20003.00005.00000.90005.00001.70005.00006.00003.00009.000001.00001.00002.00003.00004.0000P =1.0000-6.9000-77.2600-86.1300604.5500y =7.2778e+004把矩阵A作为未知数代入到多项式中；A=1.2350.9;51.756;3901;1234 p

7、=poly(A) y=polyval(p, A)A =1.20003.00005.00000.90005.00001.70005.00006.00003.00009.000001.00001.00002.00003.00004.00004、1. 0000-6. 9000-77.2600-86.1300 604. 55001. 0e+003 dk0. 3801-0.4545-1. 99510. 4601-1. 99510. 2093-1.9951-2.8880-0.4545-4. 89780. 60460. 43530. 43530. 0840-0. 4545-1. 1617基本绘图命令(1)绘

8、制余弦曲线y=cos (t), te0, 2n(2)在同一坐标系中绘制余弦曲线y=cos(t-0.25)和正弦曲线y=sin(t-0.5), te 0,2 n 0.85、基本绘图控制t绘制0,4 n区间上的xl=10sint曲线，并要求：(1)线形为点划线、颜色为红色、数据点标记为加号;t=0:0.2:4*pix=10*sin(t)plot (t, x,+-. r )(2)坐标轴控制：显示范围、刻度线、比例、网络线(3)标注控制：坐标轴名称、标题、相应文本；五、实验要求利用所学知识，完成上述各项实验内容，并将实验过程和实验步骤和结果写在报告中。实验二MATLAB数值运算与绘图（验证性实验）一、

9、实验目的1.熟悉Matlab中各类数据，尤其是矩阵的定义、赋值和运用。2. 了解Matlab的矩阵分析函数以及求线性方程组的数值解；3. 熟悉多项式运算函数、数值插值。二、实验仪器与软件1. PC机1台2. MATLAB6. X 环境三、实验原理1 .创建矩阵的方法a.直接输入法规则：矩阵元素必须用括住；矩阵元素必须用逗号或空格分隔；在内矩阵的行与行之间必须用分号分隔。逗号和分号的作用：逗号和分号可作为指令间的分隔符，matlab允许多条语句在同一行出现。分号如果出现在指令后，屏幕上将不显示结果。b.用matlab函数创建矩阵：空阵matlab允许输入空阵，当一项操作无结果时，返回空阵;ran

10、d 随机矩阵;eye 单位矩阵;zeros 全部元素都为0的矩阵;ones 全部元素都为1的矩阵c.矩阵的修改:可用T键找到所要修改的矩阵，用一键移动到要修改的矩阵元素上即可修改；指令修改：可以用A（*,*）=*来修改。2 .矩阵运算a.矩阵加、减（+,一）运算规则：（1）相加、减的两矩阵必须有相同的行和列两矩阵对应元素相加减。（2）允许参与运算的两矩阵之一是标量。标量与矩阵的所有元素分别进行加减操作。b.矩阵乘（.*,./,.）运算规则：A矩阵的列数必须等于B矩阵的行数标量可与任何矩阵相乘。c.矩阵乘方an, ap, paa - p a自乘p次累，对于p的其它值,计算将涉及特征值和特征向量，

11、如果p 是矩阵，a是标量,ap使用特征值和特征向量自乘到p次事；如a,p都是矩阵，ap 则无意义。d.多项式运算mat lab语言把多项式表达成一个行向量，该向量中的元素是按多项式降累排列的。f（x）=anxn+an-1xn-1+loaO可用行向量p=an an-1 al +a0表示;poly 产生特征多项式系数向量e.代数方程组求解mat lab中有两种除运算左除和右除。四、实验内容1.输入下列向量（矩阵） g =1234； h =4321； g =1234h =4321g =1234h =43212.分别执行以下数组点运算 si = g + h, s2= g.*h, s3= g.h, s4

12、= g.2, s5=2/h g =1234h =4321si = g + h52 = g.*h53 = g. h54 = g.255 =2. hsi =5555s2=4664s3=1894s4=14916s5=168423.输入下列特殊矩阵A=A=eye(10)A=ones(5,10) A=rand(10,15) A=randn(5,10) A=zeros(5,10)A =100000000001000000000000000000001000000000010000000000100000000001000000000010000000000100000000001A =1111111111

13、11i111111111I111111111I111111111I1111111A =Columns 1 through 130.45140.60850.08410.12100.23190.43980.93420.13700.42250.29740.37590.19390.62730.04390.01580.45440.45080.23930.34000.26440.81880.85600.04920.00990.90480.69910.02720.01640.44180.71590.04980.31420.16030.43020.49020.69320.41990.56920.39720.3

14、1270.19010.35330.89280.07840.36510.87290.89030.81590.65010.75370.63180.41360.01290.58690.15360.27310.64080.39320.23790.73490.46080.98300.79390.23440.65520.38400.05760.67560.25480.19090.59150.64580.68730.45740.55270.92000.54880.83760.68310.36760.69920.86560.84390.11970.96690.34610.45070.40010.84470.9

15、3160.37160.09280.63150.72750.23240.17390.03810.66490.16600.41220.19880.36780.33520.42530.03530.71760.47840.80490.17080.45860.87040.15560.90160.62520.62080.65550.59470.61240.69270.55480.90840.99430.86990.00990.19110.00560.73340.73130.39190.5657Columns 14through 150.71650.11460.51130.66490.77640.36540

16、.48930.14000.18590.56680.70060.82300.98270.67390.80660.99940.70360.96160.48500.0589A =-1.0106-0.64360.00000.89560.5689-0.23400.62320.23790.3899-0.94990.61450.3803-0.3179-1.00780.08800.78120.7310-0.25560.11840.79900.5077-1.00911.0950-0.7420-0.63550.56900.5779-0.37750.31480.94091.6924-0.0195-1.87401.0

17、823-0.5596-0.82170.0403-0.29591.4435-0.99210.5913-0.04820.4282-0.13150.4437-0.26560.6771-1.4751-0.35100.2120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004.输入下列矩阵及矩阵函数 A=20-1;132; M = A*B det_B = det(B) rank_A = rank (A) inv_B = inv (B)0B=l%00007-1;423;201;矩阵A与B按矩阵运算相乘矩阵A的行列式矩阵A的秩矩阵B的逆矩阵0v, D= X = A/B

18、 Y = BAeig(B)%矩阵B的特征值矩阵V与特征向量构成的矩阵D% A/B = A*B-1,即 XB=A,求 X% BA = B-1+A,即 BY=A,求 YM =014-3171310det_B =20rankA =2-0.70940.74440.7444-0.6675-0.3599+0.0218i-0.3599-0.0218i-0.2263-0.5587-0.0607 i-0.5587+0.0607iD =7.2680000-1.6340+0.2861 i000-1.6340-0.2861 i0.4000-1.40003.60000.00001.5000-2.50005.多项式运算

19、p=l 20-56% rr=roots(p)% pp=poly(rr)% s=0 0123% c=conv(p, s)% d=polyder (p)% x=-l:0. 1:2; y=polyval(p, x)%表示多项式 p(x)= x4+2x3-5x +6求多项式p的根由根的列向量求多项式系数表示多项式s(x)= X：+2x +3多项式乘积多项式微分计算多项式的值 p=l 20-56 rr=roots(p) pp=poly(rr)s=00123 c=conv(p, s)d=polyder(p) x=-l:0.1:2;y=polyval(p, x)120-56 rr =-1.8647+1.35

20、841-1.8647-1.3584i0.8647+0.6161i0.8647-0.6161iPP =1.00002. 00000. 0000-5. 00006. 000000123001471-4-318d =460-5Columns 1 through 1310.00009.69819.38569.05418.69768.31257.89767.45416.98566.49816.00005.50215.0176Columns 14 through 264.56214.15363.81253.56163.42613.43363.61414.00004.62615.52966.75018.32

21、9610.3125Columns 27 through 3112.745615.678119.161623.250128.00001.00002.00000.0000-5.00006.0000s =00123c =001471-4-318Columns 1 through 137. 89763.614110.00009.69819.38569.05418.69768.31257.45416.98566.49816.00005.50215.0176Columns 14 through 264.56214.15363.81253.56163.42613.43364.00004.62615.5296

22、6.75018.329610.3125Columns 27 through 3112.745615.678119.161623.250128.0000?1.00002.00000.0000-5.00006.0000IError: Missing operator, comma, or semicolon.P =120-56rr =-1.8647+1.3584 i-1.8647-1.3584 i0.8647+0.6161i0.8647-0.6161iPP =1.00002.00000.0000-5.00006.0000s =001471-4-318 d =460-5 y =Columns 1 t

23、hrough 1310.00009.69819.38569.05418.69768.31257.89767.45416.98566.49816.00005.50215.0176Columns 14 through 264.56214.15363.81253.56163.42613.43363.61414.00004.62615.52966.75018.329610.3125Columns 27 through 3112.745615.678119.161623.250128.00006.有理多项式：G(s) =10(s +3)(5+1)(/+$+3) n=conv(10,13) d=conv(

24、l 1,113)r, p, k二residue(n, d) pl=l-p(l),p2=l-p2%p2(s)=s-p(2) den=conv(pl, p2) num=conv(rl, p2)+conv(r2, pl)num, den=residue (r, p, k) n=conv(10,13)d=conv(l 1,113)r, p, k=residue(n, d)pl=l-p(l)p2=l-p(2)den=conv(pl, p2)num=conv(r, p2)+conv(r, pl)%定义分子多项式%定义分母多项式%进行部分分式展开定义两个极点多项式pl (s)=s-p(l),%求分母多项式d

25、en=pl (s)*p2(s)%求分子多项式%根据r, p, k的值求有理多项num, den=residue(r, p, k) n =1030d =1243 r =-3.3333-4.0202i-3.3333+4.0202i6.6667 p =- 0.5000+1.6583i- 0.5000-1.6583i- 1.0000k =pl =1.5000-1.6583ip2=1.5000+1.6583iden =? Undefined function or variable ri.Error in = C:MATLAB6p5workUntitled3. mOn line 7= num=conv(

26、rl, p2)+conv(r2, pl)%求分子多项式 n =1030d =1243-3.3333-4.0202i-3.3333+4.0202i6.6667P =-0.5000+1.6583i-0.5000-1.6583i -1.0000k =pl =1.5000-1.6583ip2=den5.0000 num =-10.0000-12.0605i-10.0000+12.0605i20.0000 num0.000010.000030.0000 den =1.00002.00004.00003.00007.函数插值运算(1)线形样条插值x=0:10 y=sin(x) x0=3.44.76.58.

27、2 yO=interpl (x, y, xO)%线形插值 xl=0:0.1:10 yl=sin(xl) plot(xl, yl, r:, x, y, b*, xO, yO, g.)%插值比较012345678910y =Columns 1 through 90. 1411-0.7568-0.9589-0.279400.84150.90930.65700.9894Columns 10 through 110.4121-0.5440xO =3. 40004. 70006. 50008. 2000yO =-0.2180-0.89830. 18880. 8739xl =Columns 1 throug

28、h 900.10000.70000.80000.20000.30000.40000.50000.6000Columns 10 through 180.90001.00001.60001.70001.10001.20001.30001.40001.5000Columns 19 through 271. 80001.90002. 50002.60002.00002.10002.20002.30002.4000Columns 28 through 362. 70002.80003. 40003.50002.90003.00003.10003.20003.3000Columns 37 through

29、453. 60003.70004. 30004.40003.80003.90004.00004.10004.2000Columns 46 through 544.50004.60004.70004.80004.90005.00005.10005.20005.30005.40005.50005.60005.70005.80005.90006.00006.10006.2000Columns 64 through 726.30006.40006.50006.60006.70006.80006.90007.00007.1000Columns 73 through 817.20007.30007.400

30、07.50007.60007.70007.80007.90008.0000Columns 82 through 908.10008.20008.30008.40008.50008.60008.70008.80008.9000Columns 91 through 999.00009.10009.20009.30009.40009.50009.60009.70009.8000Columns 100 through 1019.900010.0000yi =Columns 1 through 900.09980.19870.29550.38940.47940.56460.64420.7174Colum

31、ns 10 through 180.78330.84150.89120.93200.96360.98540.99750.99960.99170.97380.94630.90930.86320.80850.74570.67550.59850.5155Columns 28 through 360.42740.33500.23920.14110.0416-0.0584-0.1577-0.2555-0.3508Columns 37 through 45-0.4425-0.5298-0.6119-0.6878-0.7568-0.8183-0.8716-0.9162-0.9516Columns 46 th

32、rough 54-0.9775-0.9937-0.9999-0.9962-0.9825-0.9589-0.9258-0.8835-0.8323Columns 55 through 63-0.7728-0.7055-0.6313-0.5507-0.4646-0.3739-0.2794-0.1822-0.0831Columns 64 through 720.01680.11650.21510.31150.40480.49410.57840.65700.7290Columns 73 through 810.79370.85040.89870.93800.96790.98820.99850.99890

33、.9894Columns 82 through 900.96990.94070.90220.85460.79850.73440.66300.58490.5010Columns 91 through 990.41210.31910.22290.12450.0248-0.0752-0.1743-0.2718-0.3665-0.4575-0.5440012345678910y =Columns 1through 800.65700.84150.90930.1411-0.7568-0.9589-0.2794Columns 9through 110.98940.4121-0.5440xO =3.4000

34、4.70006.50008.2000y0=-0.2180-0.89830.18880.8739xl =Columns 1through 800.70000.10000.20000.30000.40000.50000.6000Columns 9through 160.80001.50000.90001.00001.10001.20001.30001.40001.60002.30001.70001.80001.90002.00002.10002.2000Columns 25through 322.40003.10002.50002.60002.70002.80002.90003.0000Colum

35、ns 33through 403.20003.90003.30003.40003.50003.60003.70003.8000Columns 41through 484.00004.70004.10004.20004.30004.40004.50004.6000Columns 49through 564.80005.50004.90005.00005.10005.20005.30005.4000Columns 57through 645.60006.30005.70005.80005.90006.00006.10006.2000Columns 65through 726.40007.10006

36、.50006.60006.70006.80006.90007.0000Columns 73through 807.20007.90007.30007.40007.50007.60007.70007.8000Columns 81through 888.00008.70008.10008.20008.30008.40008.50008.60008.80008.90009.00009.10009.20009.30009.40009.5000Columns 97through 1019.60009.70009.80009.900010.0000yi =Columns 1through 800.0998

37、0.19870.29550.38940.47940.56460.6442Columns 9through 160.71740.78330.84150.89120.93200.96360.98540.9975Columns 17through 240.99960.99170.97380.94630.90930.86320.80850.7457Columns 25through 320.67550.59850.51550.42740.33500.23920.14110.0416Columns 33through 40-0.0584-0.1577-0.2555-0.3508-0.4425-0.5298-0.6119-0.6878Columns 41through 48-0.7568-0.8183-0.8716-0.9162-0.9516-0.9775-0.993