考研英语阅读模拟258.docx

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1、模拟考研英语阅读模拟258多项选择Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the divers

2、ity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien explo

3、ring Earth would probably give priority to the planet* s dominant, most distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth，s surface. Gi

4、ven that two-thirds of the Earth，s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer disti

5、nct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world，s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientists found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest, while

6、every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the gre

7、atest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100000 bacteria

8、l cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.coincident (adj.)一致的，符合的，巧合的habitat (n.)栖息地，产地terrestrial organism 陆地有机体coralreef system珊瑚礁系统alien(adj.)不同的，相异的geneticmakeup遗传结构phylaconstrain (v.)强

9、迫，抑制(Pl. of phylum)(n.)生物分类学上的门 larva (n.)幼虫第1题：What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.参考答案：C答案解析：本文主要讲述了海洋中的生物比热带雨

10、林中的更丰富。第一段：人们对海洋生物谈论得相对较少。第二段：海洋的生存空间也许是陆地的100倍。第三段：如果侧重于以纲，门等基础广义的类别，那么最丰富多样的生物就是海洋生物。第四段：以一匙海水内包含的生物来窥视海洋中生物之丰富。C主旨题。海洋中的生(命)物比热带雨林中的更丰富。全篇围绕这一中心而写。第一段就指出：人们写了许多有关陆地上的各种生物，特别是和热带雨林有关丰富多彩的生命，可是海洋中各种各样的生命谈得相对地少，即使珊瑚系统从生命多样性来讲也可和热带雨林相媲美，也写得很少。第二段指出，海洋的生存空间也许是陆地的100倍。包括90%的地球上的生物。第三段指出：如果侧重于以纲、门等基础广义的

11、类别，那么最丰富多样的生物就是海洋生物。第四段以小见大，以一匙海水内包含的生物来窥视海洋中生物之丰富。A人类毁坏了成千上万的物种。B有成千上万的昆虫物种。D珊瑚礁类似热带雨林。第2题：Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs (Lines 4-6, Pnra.1)?A. They are approximately the same size.B. They share many similar species.C. Most of their inhabitants require water.D. Both have

12、many different forms of life.参考答案：D答案解析：D细节题。两者都有许多不同形式的生命。A它们大小相近。B它们拥有许多相似的物种。C它们中大多数栖息者需要水。第3题：The passage suggests that most rain forest species are .A. insectsB. bacteriaC. mammalsD. birds参考答案：A 答案解析：A细节题。见第三段第一句。已知的一半物种栖居于热带雨林这一事物似乎并不令人吃惊，考虑到组成物种主体的是大量的昆虫。B细菌。C哺乳动物。D鸟。第4题：The author argues tha

13、t there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because .A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaB. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a fa

14、ster rate参考答案：A答案解析：A推断题。海洋中有更多的纲、门生物代表。B昆虫大多难以做有意义的区分。C许多昆虫太小不能分类。D海洋生命形成再生率较快。第5题：Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.C. Ocean life is primarily composed of plant

15、s.D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.参考答案：B 答案解析：B推断题。需要加注意保护海洋物种和栖息者。A海洋生物有高度适应性。C海洋生物主要由植物组成。D海洋对污染造成的破坏具有很高的抵御力。The inclusion of all children and youth is part of a general integrative trend that has accelerated since World War II. It relates to some newer development

16、s as well. Concern for the earth，s endangered environment has become central, emphasizing in both intellectual and social life the need for cooperation rather than competition , the importance of understanding interrelationships of the ecosystem, and the idea that ecology can be used as an organizin

17、g concept. In a differentvein, the rapid development of microelectronics, particularly the use of computers for multiple functions in education , goes far beyond possibilities of earlier technological advances. Although technology is thought of by some as antagonistic to humanistic concerns, others

18、argue that it makes communication and comprehension available to a wider population and encourages asystem thinking.” Both ultimately integrative effects.The polarization of opinion on technology，s effects and most other important issues is a problem in educational policy determination. In addition

19、to the difficulties of governing increasingly large and diverse education systems, as well as those of meeting the never-ending demands of expanding education, the chronic lack of consensus makes the system unable to respond satisfactorily to public criticism and unable to plan for substantive long-

20、range development. The political andto attend to short-run and (2) to adopt polar community and community central control andadministrative responses so far have been (1) efficiency by improving management techniques responses to accommodate polar criticisms. Thus, schools have been emphasized along

21、 with standardization, and institutional alternatives have been opened, while the structure of main institutions has become more articulated. For example, the focus of attention has been placed on the transition stages, which earlier were virtually ignored:from home to school, from primary to second

22、ary to upper secondary, from school to work. Tertiary institutions have been reconceived as part of a unified level； testing has become more sophisticated and credentials have become more differentiated either by certificate or by transcript. Alternative teaching strategies have been encouraged in t

23、heory, but basic curriculum uniformity has effectively restricted the practice of new methods. General education is still mainly abstract, and subject. matter, though internally more dynamic, still rests on language, mathematics, and science. There has been an increasing reliance on the construction

24、 of subject matter to guide the method of teaching. Teachers are entrusted with a greater variety of tasks, but they are less trusted with knowledge, leading political authorities to call for upgrading of teacher training, teacher in-service training, and regular assessment of teacher performance.Re

25、cent reform efforts have been focused on integrating general and vocational education and on encouraging lifelong or recurrent education to meet changing individual and social needs. Thus, not only has the number of students and institutions increased, as a result of inclusion policies, but the scop

26、e of education has also expanded. This tremendous growth, however, has raised new question about the proper functions of the school and the effectiveness for life , work , or intellectual advancement of present programs and means of instruction.第6题：What does the word uantagonisticw (Para.1) most pro

27、bably mean?A. Similar.B. Opposite.C. Applicable.D.Consistent.参考答案：B答案解析：单词antagonistic”（第一段）最可能的意思是什么？A相似的。B对抗的。C适用的。D一致的。答案B这是一道词义题。题干中的信号词出自于文章第一段第五句话中。文章第一段后半部分指出：尽管有些人认为技术与人文主义事务相对杭，但其他人则认为，技术使更大范围的人们之间的交流与理解成为可能；两者最终都会产生综合性效应。这说明：该单词的意思应该是“相反的，对抗的”。B项中说“opposite”，这与文章的意思相符。 A项、C项和D项三项之意都与文章的意思不

28、符。第7题：The first paragraph is mainly aboutA. some modern developments relating to the inclusion policies.B.the inclusion policies of education.C.concern for the earth, s endangered environments.D.the rapid development of modern technology.参考答案：A答案解析：第一段主要有关A与包容政策相关的一些现代发展。B教育的包容政策。C对地球危险环境的关注。D现代技术的迅

29、猛发展。答案A这是一道主旨题。题干中的信号词是“the firstparagraph,也就是文章的第一段。文章第一段指出：取消种族隔离总趋势的一个部分就是教育要包容所有孩子与青年，自二战以来，这种趋势已经增强；这种趋势也涉及到一些更新的发展；然后具体说明了这些更新的发展:关注地球的危险环境已经成为中心点；微电子学的迅猛发展，尤其是计算机在教育中的多功能应用，远远超出早期技术进步的可能范畴。这说明：第一段主要讲的是与包含政策有关的一些发展。A 项中说“some modern developments relating to the inclusion policiesH ,这与文章的意思相符。B

30、项之意只是第一段所谈问题的一个方面，不能表达第一段的中心意思；C项和D项两项之意只是一些更新的发展中的两个方面，也不能表达第一段的中心意思。第8题:In the second paragraph, the author mainly tells usA. the polarization of opinion on some important issues about educational policy.B. the rapid development of education.C.the political and administrative measures taken to fur

31、ther expand education.D. the difficulties in meeting the demands of expanding education.参考答案：D答案解析：在第二段，作者主要告诉我们A有关教育政策的重要问题的观点分化。B教育的迅猛发展。C为进一步扩大教育而实施的政治和管理措施。D满足扩大教育需求的困难。答案D这是一道主旨题。题干中的信号词是the second paragraphH ,也就是文章的第二段。第二段指出：有关技术产生的效应以及大多数其他重要事务的观点的两极分化是教育政策决策方面的一个问题；除了管理难度逐渐增大、教育体系多样化所面临的困难外，

32、那些满足扩大教育规模的无尽需求的困难以及那些长期缺乏意见一致性的困难，使得教育系统不能对公众的批评作出满意的回答，不能为实质性的长远发展制定计划；随后作者具体说明了政界和行政管理机构的反应以及采取的措施，谈了自己对目前教育现状的看法，谈到了教师所面临的问题。这说明：第二段主要是讲现在教育面临的问题。D 项中说the difficulties in meeting the demands of expanding education,这与作者的意图相符。A项、B项和C项三项之意都只是教育所面临的片面问题，不能表达作者的主要意图。第9题：According to the passage, we k

33、now thatA. focusing on subject matter is still an obvious feature of general education.B. various teaching methodologies have been successfully adopted in general education.C. the transition from school to work has never been overlooked.D. the professional quality of the majority of teachers has bee

34、n considerably enhanced.参考答案：A答案解析：根据本文，我们了解到：A关注主题依然是普通教育的一个显著特点。B普通教育中，不同的教学方法已经得到成功的应用。C从学校到工作的转变从来没有被忽视过。D大多数教师的专业素质已经得到极大的提高。答案A这是一道归纳题。文章第二段倒数第三句话指出：普通教育主要还是抽象教育，尽管主题在内容上更具活力，但仍然依赖语言、数学和科学;教学方法越来越依赖主题的解释为指导。这说明：普通教育仍然关注主题。A项中说 Kfocusing on subject matter is still an obvious feature of general

35、education,这与文章的意思相符。文章第二段倒数第四句话说:在理论上，选择性教学策略已得到鼓励，但基础课程的一致性实际上限制了新方法的实践；这说明B项之意不正确；第二段第五句话指出：注意的焦点集中到了过渡阶段，以前，过渡阶段实际上被忽略了；这说明C项之意也不对；文章第二段最后一句话说:教师被赋予更多不同的任务，但人们却不太相信他们所掌握的知识，这使得政界权威呼吁提高教师的培训水准，加强在职教师的培训I,定期评估教师的工作;这说明D项之意也不对。第10题：The proper title for the passage should beA. Major Effects of Modern

36、 Technology on Education.B. Major Trends and Problems in Education.C. Major Difficulties in Education.D. The Tremendous Growth of Education.参考答案：B答案解析：本文的最佳标题应该是A现代技术对教育产生的主要影响。B教育界的主要趋势和问题。C教育界面临的主要困难。D教育的巨大发展。答案B这是一道主旨题。文章第一段第一句话指出：取消种族隔离总趋势的一个部分就是教育要包容所有孩子与青年，自二战以来，这种趋势已经增强；这种趋势也涉及到一些更新的发展；第二段对教育

37、所面临的问题进行了分析、说明，指出：教育界以前被忽视的问题现在受到了重视；普通教育的发展趋势没有多大变化;教师被赋予更多的任务，但人们却不太相信他们；最后一段指出：近期的改革取得了一定的成绩，但同时引发了一些问题。这说明：本文主要讲的是教育的发展趋势以及由此引发的一些问题。B项中说“Major Trends and Problems in Education”，这与文章的意思相符。A项、C项和D 项三项之意都只是文中所谈的片面问题，不能表达文章的中心意思。What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus a

38、bout what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society，s present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present henc

39、e can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer，s epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a lang

40、uage all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic

41、 of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, a tortured by self-cons

42、ciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for”. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid

43、 religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences,at least in principle and in theory.But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individ

44、ual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans,as the myth about the conquest of Troy for

45、med the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such my

46、ths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness-in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.consensus (n.)全民一致diversified (adj.)多样化的ancestry (n.)祖先asocial (adj.)反社会的narcissistic (adj.)自我陶醉的，自恋的counteract (vt.)抵制therapy ( n.)疗法moral

47、e ( n.)齐心协力rigid (adj.)死板的individual difference 多元disunity ( n.)不团结chaos (n.)喧嚣dominating ( adj.)主流的ward off 避免combat (vt.)与作斗争breakdown (n.)破坏第11题：In the author，s view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in theA. lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life B. non-e

48、xistence of unanimity on the forms the society should take C. general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected tobeD. public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms参考答案：B答案解析：作者分析了美国式移民社会由于缺乏共同的文化背景，因此容易造成孤僻、个人主义、缺乏全民意识，最后指出了寻找主流文化和共同的神话故事可以对此加以弥补。第一段：作者指出美国缺乏全民意识的社会问题，并以荷马史诗对后人的借鉴意义来说明对历史的共识会解决这一社会问题。第二段：由于美国是个移民社会，缺乏许多共同的背景，因此容易造成孤僻、自恋的小圈子，缺乏全民齐心协力的精神目标。第三段：美国文化是来自各国移民的多元文化，必须有一种主流文化，有共同的神话传说，才能消除孤独、内疚、焦虑和失落感，与孤僻杭争，保护社会道德价值感。B推断题。题干中的the