考研英语长难句(91~99).docx
《考研英语长难句(91~99).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语长难句(91~99).docx(40页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、考研英语长难句(9广99)关于长难句的学习建议同学留言我都看到了,因为工作忙,不能及时上网回复,还请海涵。大家的问题本质上都是相似的:底子薄,基础弱。我的建议如下:全力以赴(heart and soul)主攻词汇量、句法、阅读量。词汇主要靠大家背,阅读靠自己一篇一篇积累。唯有句法,我觉得一定要有一个系统训练。为了备考,我们要掌握的句法知识并不多,我在长难句课上应该是把主要的考点都讲到了,剩下的任务就是反复操练。操练句法的最佳材料当然还是阅读真题。正因为如此,我把这些长难句逐个加以解析和翻译,并放到了这。我在百忙中(并非夸张,呵呵)抽空一个一个破解,希望大家也一定抽时间逐词逐句地加以揣摩。这些句
2、子后还有,一直会到2011年的考题。大家在看这些句子时,应该每天至少两个,先自己结合文章分析和口译(注意,一定要结合文章),然后再看我给的内容。第二天看新的句子之前,应该先把前一天的内容复习一遍。刚开始感到吃力的同学,要把每一个疑问记下来,然后不耻上问,不耻下问,或者不耻左右问,实在不行就在博客上发问,总之,一定要搞清楚。如此这般坚持,两三个月出去,100个以上的句子过去,你就能脱胎换骨了。考研阅读长难句一每天至少两个,自己先分析,有疑问参看我给的内容。觉得有难度,就多看几遍。1991 Passage 1一、A wise man once said that the only thing ne
3、cessary for the triumph of evi1 is for good men to do nothing.【解析】1、全句主干:A man said that the thing is to do nothing.其中,that 引导的从句作said的宾语;2、necessary for ,(”所需要的)。necessary for the triumph of evil (邪恶的胜利所需要的,邪恶获胜所需要的),这是个形容词短语,在句中作thing的后置定语。3, for good men (对好人来说),这个介宾短语作that从句的状语,放到从句主语之前翻译。【翻译】直译
4、:一个智者曾经说过,对好人来说,邪恶的胜利所需要的唯一一个东西是(好人)什么都不做。意译:一个智者曾经说过,坏事得逞所需要的唯一一个条件,就是坏事发生时好人袖手旁观。二、Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn,
5、 t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn t provide a stable home.【解析】1、consider A B = consider A as B = consider A to be B 把 A 看做、当做 B (省略as或to be的第一个短语更常用,要格外重视)。2、A is considered B. A被(人们)看做B,人们把A看做B。3、It is the criminal who 是一个强调句。一
6、般来说,判断是否强调句,把It be和that (或who)三个词去掉,如果句子仍然完整,就是强调句,否则就不是。例如It is English that is most widely used in the world,去掉 It is 和 that,剩余部分 English is most widely used in the world 仍然是一个完整的句子,所以这就是一个强调句。4、-ed分词后出现by短语,by之后的名词或代词一般是发动作的主体,例如made by China中,China就是发出made这一动作的主体。本句中by之前有两个-cd分词,一个是considered (认
7、为),一个是victimized (使变成受害者),by之后的主体发出哪一个动作,需要根据全句的含义判断,尤其是by之后的主体。很明显,学校、教堂这些主体发出的动作是victimizedo【翻译】三十年前,如果出现犯罪,社会被看作是受害者。现在,令人震惊的是,一切都颠倒了,被认为变成受害者的是罪犯,令他变成受害者的,是他小时候缺乏机会的成长环境,未能教会他念书的学校,没能在道德上给予他引导的教会,和未能给他提供一个稳定家庭的父母。三、If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of
8、 endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.【解析】1、from的基本含义有两个:来自;分离。由此,vt. A from B这样的动词短语,其意义基本上取决于from,不管vt.位置上出现哪一个动词,整个短语一般可归结为两个词义:A来自B; A与B相分离。例如:derive fun from study (从学习中得到快乐,快乐来自学习),liberate women from housework (将妇女从家务中解放出来,使妇女与家务相分离)。free the criminal from accounta
9、bility表示使罪犯与责任相分离,即,使罪犯免于担责。2、partly不宜总翻成“部分地”,有些情况下需要译为“在某种程度上”。3、society不宜总翻成“社会”,有些情况下译为“国家”会更妥。【翻译】即使我们只在某种程度上使罪犯免于担责,我们也会变成一个充斥着托词借口的国家,在这个国家,对于任何事情都没有人愿意负责。Passage 2四、The period of adolescence, i. e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expecta
10、tions and on society* s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.【解析】1、本句主干:The period may be long or short, depending on expectations and on definition.2、i. e.= that is = that is to say (也就是说)。3 what引导从句时,可以理解为the thing(s) that,其中the thing(s)需要根据上下文确定所指代的具体事物,that是一个关联代词。例如:I doubt
11、what he said.就相当于I doubt the thing that he said.其中,the thing很明显指他所说的话。句子越长或者越抽象,我们把引导从句的what转化为the thing(s) that,就越便于理解。4、society* s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood 就相当于 society, s definition as to the thing that constitutes maturity and adulthood.其中,as to表示“关于,the thing根据上下
12、文引申为“条件”。整个短语可以译为“社会关于那些构成成熟和成年的条件的定义”。【翻译】The period of adolescence, i. e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societyJ s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.青少年时期,即,儿童期与成年期之间的那段时期,可能长也可能短,(是长是短)取决于社会(对个体所抱)
13、的期望,还取决于社会对于那些构成成熟和成年的条件的定义。五、In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies.【解析】1、There is agreement as to/over/about A.关于 A,人们有一致的看法。/人们就 A 达成了共识。2、initiation c
14、eremony成年仪式;开始的仪式【翻译】在现代社会,青少年时期(结束)的仪式已经丧失了(社会对它们的)正式认可和象征意义,对于哪些因素可以构成成年仪式,人们也不再有共识。Passage 3六、C. R. Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to cal1 a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.【解析】1、It is as proper to do A as to do B.做 A 和做 B 一样恰当。2、t
15、erm A B = call A B = name A B 把 A 称作 B。例如:call Tom a coward把汤姆称作懦夫。C termed D = C called D = C named D = C known as D 被称作 D 的 C。例如:Tom called a coward被称作懦夫的汤姆。3、be composed of = consist of 包含,,由,,组成A composed of B = A consisting of B 包含 B 的 A,由 B 组成的 A。例如:a country composed to 50 states = a country
16、consisting of 50 states 包含50个州的国家,由50个州组成的国家。4、本句简化处理后的结构:C. R. Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term plant structure as to call house building.5、Sb suggests that,通常译为“sb 认为;Sth suggests that 通常译为sth 表明。suggest的本意“建议;暗示”两个词义在考试中出现较少。【翻译】c. R. Darnes认为,将植物称为水的构造,和将一所主要由砖组成的房子称为砖房一样,都是恰当的。
17、七、The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development.【解析】1、本句主干:The amount is a part of what passes through it.2、of water 作 amount 的后置定语;in the plant 作 water 的后置定语;at any one time作主句的时间状语;during its development
18、作what引导的宾语从句的时间状语。3、what = the thing that,本句中thing应该理解为水的数量。4 it和its都指代主句中的planto5、development指植物的生长过程。【翻译】直译:但是,在任何一个时刻,植物中水的实际数量,只是在植物的生长过程中通过植物体的水的数量的非常小的一部分。(结合上下文的)意译:但是,在植物的生长过程中,有大量的水进入植物体,然后会通过蒸发被排出去,与之相比,在任何一个时刻,植物体中水的实际数量只是很小的一个数值。八、Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace
19、quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air)and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake.【解析】1、本句主干:Si
20、nce carbon dioxide is present and water vapor is near saturation, the amount is many times the carbon dioxide intake.2、介宾短语in the air作从句carbon dioxide is present的地点状语,应该翻译到 since 之后,carbon 之前;介宾短语only in trace quantities作动词is的状语,翻译时放到is之前;括号里的内容仍然采用英文的顺序;介宾短语within the leaf作air spaces的后置定语,所以可.以看作是介
21、宾短语in the air spaces的组成部分;介宾短语 in the air spaces 作从句 water vapor is near saturation 的地点状语,翻译时放到and之后,water之前。3、air spaces译作“气态空间”比较恰当。4、lost是个-ed分词,作water vapor的后置定语。【翻译】因为在空气中,二氧化碳只以非常微小的数量存在(占万分之三到万分之四),并且在叶子内部的气态空间,水蒸气接近饱和(在华氏80度时,饱和的空气中水蒸气含量大概为万分之一百八十六),所以损失的水蒸气的总量是二氧化碳吸收量的许多倍。九、Actually, becaus
22、e of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases.【解析】1、A in proportion to B A和B的比值;与B相比的A;与B成比例/相称的A2、even greater中,even是副词,放在比较级前表示强调。其他类似even,可以这样用的词汇:way (注意:此处way不表示“道路、方法”等词意),far, much, m
23、any, a lot 等。3、concentration 含量;浓度【翻译】实际上,因为风和其他因素,(在植物的整个生存期,)水的损失量与二氧化碳吸收量的比值,可能比两种气体(在某一特定时刻在植物体内部)含量的比值要大得多。考研阅读长难句二1992Passage 1十、It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.【解析】1、It takes A to do,做,,需要 A。
24、It took A to do ,做,花费了 A (此处,A一般是金钱或时间。)2、在短语 the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers 中,the + adj.指代一类人或一类事物,of相当于among,所以整个短语应译为“司机们当中那些头脑最冷静并且脾气最好的人”。3、subject A to B使A遭受B;使A服从BA is subjected to B. A 遭受了 B; A 服从于 B。4、when subjected to uncivilized behavior 可以看做是 when they are subjected to
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 长难句 91 99
限制150内