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1、Unit 25一、真题文章(2005年)Canadas premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.They*re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastes

2、t-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments .Pa

3、rt of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having i

4、ts own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources ,work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.What does “national mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created Nat

5、ional Health Council.But “national“ doesn*t have to mean that. National“ could mean inter-provincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national“ organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one pr

6、ovince-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 millio

7、n people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. The

8、y can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn*t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Can

9、adian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provinc

10、ial deal-making. They （particularly Quebec and Alberta） just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. Thats one reason why the idea of a national list hasn*t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show

11、 , they should prove they can run it starting with an inter-provincial health list that would end duplication ,save administrative costs , prevent one province from being played off against another ,and bargain for better drug prices.Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow*s report selectively, especiall

12、y the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs:A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”Or they could read Mr. Kirbys report:44The substa

13、ntial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companiesSo when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in

14、 their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.考研核心词汇premier e. adj.第一的，首要的n.总理例Premier of the State Council 国务院总理budget: n.预算vi.做预算，编入预算例a government budget政府预算同义I allowance, ration, schedulepharmaceutical . n.药物 adj.制药（学）上的例pharmaceutical chemistry制药化学，药物化学派生pharmaceutics.n.配药学，制药学

15、prescription: n.指示，规定，命令，处方，药方|例The doctor wrote me a prescription for medicine for my cough.医生给我乃了一个治咳嗽的处方I派生I prescribe. v.指示，规定，处（方），开（药）prescriptive. adj.说明性的overall .例an overall survey:adj.全部的，全面的 全面的观察（调查）recommend：vt.推荐，介绍，劝告，使受欢迎，托付，使 受欢迎，使可取例Can you recommend a good dictionary?你能介绍一本好词典吗？I同

16、义I advise, advocate, direct,guide .instruct, suggest, urge派生I recommendation. n.推荐，介绍（信）,劝告，建议procedure. n. 程序，手续例The new work procedure is a great improvement on / over the old one.新工序比起老工序来是一个巨大的改善。I同义course ,custom, manner,means, measure .method .plan派生procedural : adj.程序上的manufacturer. n.制造业者，厂商

17、例| automobile manufacturer汽车制造厂派生manufacture. vt.制造，加工 n.制造,制造业，产品lobby； n.大厅，休息室,v美游说议员者vi.游说议员，经常出入休息室vt.对（议员）进行疏通例110bby a bill through the senate游说议员使议院通过一项议案同义entrance , foyer,passageway ,vestibule派生lobbyistn.活动议案通过者，说客fork : n.叉,耙，叉形物，餐叉|例A big fork is used to dig the earth.大耙子被用来刨土。I 同义branch

18、, offshoot ,silverwarestring: n.线，细绳，一串，一行v.排成一列例The parcel was tied with string.这个包裹用绳子捆着。I同义bind, connect Jine up .thread, tie反义unstring : v.把弦解下，使神经衰弱派生stringed . adj.看弦（乐器）的I固定搭配string along赞成某事，同意；string up吊死； on the string在某人的彻底控制或影响下；selective. adj.选择的，选择性的例selective controls on goods 对商品的选择性

19、控制派生selectively. adV选择地，选择性地select: vt.选择，窕选adj.精选的constrain: vt.强迫，抑制，拘束例I felt constrained to do what I was unwilling to do myself.我觉得是被迫去做我自己不愿去做的事情。同义I compel, force , press , urgeliberate. v.解放，释放派生Constrained :. adj.不舒服的，被强迫的，拘泥的constraint:n.约束，强制，局促substantial. adj.坚固的，实质的，真实的，充实的例substantial

20、 things实际存在的东西I同义actual .affluent, authentic, firm, prosperous ,real ,rich .solid ,sound ,stable 派生substantiality: n.实在性，实质性，实体 strengthen. v.力口强，巩固例Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks.和谈期间:敌人力量已大、为增强。反义I weaken. v.削弱，（使）变弱派生strength: n.力，力量，力气，实力，兵力，浓度jurisdiction . n.权限例It do

21、esnt lie within my jurisdiction to set you free. 我无权将你释放。派生jurisdictiona. adj.司法的，司法权的，审判权的，管辖权的固定搭配within sb jurisdiction 在某人的权限之内；outside sb jurisdiction 在某人的权限之外；四、强化练习1. Furthermore, mandatory retirement will put a financial strain on the limited of the government as retired people mainly live o

22、n the state pension.A. deficit B. tariffC. budget D. tax2. After the girl got the from the doctor, she asked: nHow soon will I getbetter with the medicine?” A. dictation B. aspiration C. information D. prescription3. The purpose of the is not to clone human beings but to establish cell cultures that

23、 can serve as models of human disease.A. constancy B. procedure C. consolation D. choice4. Many Chinese companies have promised to give support for the relief and reconstruction of the affected countries, among which Chinas leading computer Lenovo will offer half a million US dollars.A. manufacturer

24、 B. commodity C. chorusD. virus5. There is a popular perception that the psychological difference between men and women is- as seen in books such as Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus by John Gray. A. eligible B. amicable C. substantial D. surfaceUnit 26一、真题文章(1994年text 1)The American economic

25、system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-ed economy in which consumerslargely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and

26、services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximi

27、ze profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism bywhich consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In th

28、e American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, theprice will be bid up and some consumers will b

29、e eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism

30、 in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services fbr sale at a profit. In the

31、 American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.译文美国的经济体系是围绕一个基本的私营企业进行组织的，它是以市场为向导 的经济，在这个体系中，通过在市场上

32、花钱购买那些消费者最需要的商品和服务, 消费者在很大程度上决定了将要生产什么。为了追逐利润，私营的商人们生产这 些产品或提供这些服务，并和其他商人竞争，而这种竞争压力下的谋利动机在很 大程度上决定了如何生产这些产品和提供服务。因此，在美国的经济体系下，消 费者的个人需求，还有商人追求利润最大化的欲望以及个人对收入使用价值最大 话的要求，这些加在一起共同决定了生产什么和怎样利用有限的资源进行生产。在以市场为向导的经济体制中有一个重要的因素，就是要建立起一个合理的 机制使消费者的需求得以体现，并传达到生产者那里。在美国经济中，这一机制 是由价格体系来提供，就是通过价格的涨落来表现供求关系。如果某种

33、产品供不 应求，价格应就会上涨，某些消费者就会退出市场；相反，大批量生产某种商品 导致成本降低，就会造成销售生产商增加这种商品的供应，而相应的这会使价格 降低，使更多的消费者能够购买此类产品。因此，价格就是美国的经济体系中的 规范机制。在私有企业的经济体制中，一个重要的因素是，个人被允许拥有生产资料（个 人财产），允许他们雇佣劳动力，掌握自然资源，并且生产产品和提供服务以获 取利润。在美国经济中，私人财产的概念不仅包括生产资料所有权，而且还包括 某些权利，比如产品价格的决定权，以及和其他私营个体自由订立合同的权利。三、考研核心词汇： 经济（上）的2产供销的3经济学的例The country i

34、s a bad economic state.国家经济状况很糟糕。:： :基本上，主要地例Basically, he is a nice person, but he doesnt always show it.他基本上是个 好人，但并不经常表现出来。同义essentially, fundamentally：企业事业计划2事业心进取心；干事业例 Watch making and banking are the chief enterprises of the country.制表 业和银行业是这个国家的主要企业。I派生I:有事业心的，有进取心的，有魄力的，有胆量的|固定搭配free enter

35、prise自由企业经济，私营企业:东方，东方诸国（指地中海以东各国）vi.l适应形势2向东vt. 1使朝东2使适应；确定方向例In the markets, 1 breathed the smells of the Orient.在这些市场上，我闻到 东方国家的气味。I反义I:西方，西洋，欧美，西欧诸国I派生I:.:东方人（尤指中国人和日本人）:东方诸国的，亚洲的，东方的；（珍珠等）最优质的:.:方向，方位，定位，倾向性，向东方:：消费者例The price increases were passed on by the firm to the consumers. 公司把上 涨的费用都转嫁到

36、消费者身上。I派生:1消耗，消费，消灭；大吃大喝,2吸引vi.消灭，毁灭.消费消费重.努力，奋斗，力争，斗争例He strove to be recognized as a musician.他力争被人们承认是个音乐家。同 义struggle, endeavor固定搭配strive after for为奋斗;力求；争取；strive toward向奋进，为而努力；strive with同作斗争；：:利润，益处，得益vi.得益，利用vt.有益于,有利于例Speculators profits from changes in prices.投机商从物价变动中得利。词组at a profit以获利为

37、结果同义gain, benefit, advantage反义loss派生profitable adj,有利可图的固定搭配fat profit 巨额利润；make a profit on 在 上获利；make ones profit of 利用,使对自己有利；to one*s profit with profit 有益；profit by from从 中得到益处吸取教训;；：:动机，目的：发动的；运动的例Greed was his only motive for stealing.贪婪是他偷窃的唯一原因。同义aim, purpose派生.动机:. 1压，压力2电压3压迫，强制，紧迫例The pr

38、essure of the wind filled the sails of the boat.风力使船帆张满。；:个人，个体 ：个别的，单独的，个人的例The rights of the individual are perhaps the most important rights in a free society.个人的权利恐怕是自由社会的最重要的权利。：:取最大值，最佳化例We must maximize output.我们必须尽量提高产量。反义二： :将减到最少；最小化派生.最小的最低的.最小值最小化.最大量最大限度极大.最iWj的最多的最大极限的：:资源财力办法智谋例natura

39、l resources 自然资源a man of great resource 足智多谋的人固定搭配leave sb. to his own resources 不去打扰；因素，要素，因数2代理人例Her friendly manner is an important factor in her rapid success.待人友好是她迅速获得成功的重要因素。:：机械装置2机构，机制例The clock doesnt go; there is something wrong with the mechanism.钟不走 了，机件出了毛病。:回答响应作出反应：有反应例I offered him

40、a drink but he didnt respond.我请他喝酒，但他未作回答。:亲戚2关系词3相关物3亲缘植物：adv. 1有关系的2相对的，比较而言的例After his troubles, he*s now in relative comfort.困境过后，他现在比较舒服 了。派生J:相对性相关性，相对论固定搭配.1和成比例2和有关系3随为转移:出价，投标2祝愿3命令，吩咐n. 1出价，投标2支付例They lost the contract because their bid was too high,他们因索价太高而失 去了那张合同。;:排除消除：除去例She has been

41、eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races.她已被取消了游泳比赛，因为她在训练中没有得到名 次。同义remove, wipe out；：:商品，日用品。列Air conditioners are one of the many commodities that Japan sells abroad. 空调是日本许多出口商品中的一种。:生产性的，生产的；能产的,多产的例a very productive writer 多产作家a productive effort 生产力派

42、生:生产力:产品产物乘积：:生产产品作品研究成果:：:财产所有物所有权性质特性小道具例This car is my property.这车是我的财产。同义possession, belongings:vt.l拥抱;互相拥抱2包含3收买4信奉：vi.拥抱n.拥抱例She embraced her son tenderly when he came home after ten years* absence. 她儿子离家十年后回家时她亲切地拥抱儿子。同义hug, hold, accept, adopt四、强化练习1、The article many important points of the

43、governmentreconstruction plan.A. fluctuates B. flourish C. endows D. embraces2、The police found some stolen in the thief s house.A. propertyB. factorC. relativeD. motive3、We must our products to the needs of the market.A. enterprise B. eliminateC. orientD. commodity4、This new invention will bring yo

44、u great like a goldmine.A. bid B. profits C. control D. rein5、The patient has rapidly to the treatment.A. responded B. occupied C. occur D. denoted6、 The of oral learning is largely that of continuous repetition.A. maximum B. quantity C. mechanism D. strength7 The sick man complained of a feeling of

45、 on his chest.A. stride B. stream C. linger D. pressure8、His for working so hard is that he needs money.A. optimum B. ornament C. reign D. motive9 The little girl her granny good morning as she gets up in the morning.A. strike B. bid C. provoke D. bid10、The local library is a valuable .A. flare B. d

46、ilemmaC. resource D. diffuseUnit 27一、真题文章（1994年text 2）One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issuedcredit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services ava

47、ilable as well. More and more of these credit cards can be readautomatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scatteredlocations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us thecashless society0 is not on the horizon-ifs already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have manyadvantages fbr sel