导航考研-考研英语模卷三套题,王文轲考研英语.docx

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1、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Everyone seems to be in favor of progress. But “progress“ is a funny word. It doesnt _1_ mean that something has become stronger, wiser or be

2、tter. It simply means changing it from being one thing to another and sometimes it _2_ out to be worse than before._3_ medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical _4, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of our

3、selves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection _5 a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us 6 together again. If we are bom _7 something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our sanity, ease our pain, replace _8_ parts and give

4、 us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a _9_ we have to pay.Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been 10_ steadily, in spite of serious _11 to reduce the rate of populatio

5、n growth. Less than a century ago in the United States, infant mortality _12_ more than half of her newborn _13_the first year of life. Medical advances,_14_, have now reduced that rate to nearly zero. A child bom in the United States today has _15_ than a 90 percent chance of_16_. Furthermore, medi

6、cal advances have ensured that most of those infants will live to be seventy years of age_17_ more, and even that life _18_ increases every year. The result of this progress is an enormous population increase that threatens the _19 of life, brought _20 by progress in the medical profession.1.A neces

7、sarilyB nearlyC basicallyD often2.AJcomesB getsC makesD turns3.ASeeB TakeC ConsiderD Look4.A advantagesB advancementsC movementsD care5.AorB| andC withD of6.AJbackIBJ upC throughD over7.AofB fromC outD with8.AtiredB wearyC wornD fatigued9.AcostB|bill|C priceD check10.AarisingB risingC raisingD going

8、11.AeffortsB effectsC problemsD events12.AexclaimedB proclaimedC blamedD claimed13.AoverB withinC betweenD among14.AhoweverB thoughC moreoverD besides15.AmoreB greaterIC biggerD better16.AJlifeB survivalD subsistenceC existence17.AJandB butC orD much18.AspanB expectancy|D expectationC expanse19.Asta

9、ndardB levelC qualityD way20.AoutB|upC forthD aboutSection IT Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1Save the mighty elephant! Well, the hippopotamus might. In 1989, with the elephant facing the threat of extinction, the nations of the world agreed to ban trade in elephant ivory. Now, ivory hunters who on

10、ce shot elephants for their tusks are shooting hippos for their teeth. If nothing is done, experts say, the hippo may be wiped out in some areas of Africa. The hippo, laments Dr. Simon Lyster of the World Wide Fund for Nature,“is the forgotten beast.”Unfortunately for hippos, theyre easy targets. Th

11、ey like to gather in herds at muddy pools and just sit there; virtually motionless. Hunters simply shoot the hippos in the water.Not surprisingly, therens a new campaign to save the hippo. At the annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida this week, France, Belgium and

12、 Benin will propose strict quotas and monitoring of the hunting and trade in hippos and hippo parts. The data so far are spottybut generally gloomy for the hippo. From 1988 to 1992, the number of hippo teeth carved in Hong Kong and re-exported rose from 224 to 3868with most of those shipments bound

13、for the United States.The trade in hippo ivory follows much the same route as the old trade in elephant tusksfrom hunters in Africa through middlemen in Europe to carvers in Hong Kong and Japan. Hippo ivory is a bit more brittle and less desirable than elephant ivory, so it sells for a good deal les

14、sabout $50 to $70 per kilo wholesale, compared with $400 to $500 for elephant ivory. Once it is fashioned into trinkets and jewelry, however, few consumers can tell the difference. The trade is booming. In a rare census of African hippos last year, conservationists were alarmed to find a population

15、of only 160000, or about a quarter the estimated number of elephants. Even in national parks where hippos live, protections are failing, in part because many nations had used proceeds from the sale of elephant tusks to pay park police. Now that income is gone, and some parks have become hunting grou

16、nds.Malawi is among many African nations that support new hippo protections; some are even moving unilaterally to save the herds. Zambia restricts hippo hunting to tourist expeditions in national parks and gives local people 35 percent of the tourist revenues. That should encourage locals to help fe

17、nd off poachers and to quit hunting hippos themselves. And if ivory hunters do leave the hippo alone? Theyll probably move on to other animals with carvable teeth, like walruses or whales.21. We may infer from the text that the hippo isA an endangered animal species.B a kind of tourist games.C a spe

18、cial fish in rivers.D an African elephant.22. When Dr. Lyster said sadly that the hippo “is the forgotten beasf(Line 4-5, Paragraph 1), he meant thatA people had forgotten to make use of its teeth.|B the hippo was threatening the existence of elephants.C there was an excessive number of hippos in Af

19、rica.D the world only remembered to save elephants.23. We may infer that the hippo hunting and trading are thriving becauseA there has been no strict rules to control these activities before this week.B consumers like hippo teeth products better than those made of ivory.C there are fewer elephants l

20、eft in Africa than hippos.D hunters find that hippos are easier to kill than elephants.24. Some African countries tried to protect animals in national parks byAJ getting the locals involved in the trade of hippos.B reinforcing park police force.C sharing benefits from parks with the locals.D| turnin

21、g hunting grounds into national parks.25. The last sentence implies that walruses or whales mayA move to other places where foods are available.B become the next victim of hunters* targets .C outnumber elephants and hippos in the future.D become tourist attractions in African national parks.Text 2Ea

22、ting right to prevent heart disease may seem complicated and confusing, but its a breeze compared with trying to design an anticancer diet. Cardiovascular disease is relatively simple; its the result of normal bodily processes taken to the extreme. Cancer, by contrast, involves changes in the progra

23、mming of DNA within the nuclei of individual cells. Beyond that, heart disease is an illness that affects a single organ system, while cancer is dozens of different diseases that target body parts as radically different as the brain, breast and bone.That being the case, its no surprise that the rela

24、tionship between diet and cancer is still largely a matter of educated guessworkand in many cases, the guesses have turned out to be wrong. Take the much publicized link between high-fat diets and breast cancer, for example. Women who live in Western countries, where high-fat diets are the norm, ten

25、d to have high breast-cancer rates. Even more telling, women of Japanese ancestry who live in the U. S. get the disease six times more often than their grandmothers and great-grandmothers in Japan. Yet a huge recent study of 90,000 women has refuted the breast cancer-fat link.A similar process of ed

26、ucated-guess-and-error led people to load up on the nutritional supplement beta carotene (a natural red substance found in carrots and other vegetables) in the early 1990s. Scientists noted that those who eat lots of fruits and vegetables tend to get less cancer and speculated that carotenoidsthe sa

27、me antioxidant substances that seem to protect against heart diseasewere responsible. In particular, they focused on beta carotene, the most abundant and common carotenoid, as the most likely to prevent cancer.Yet a series of targeted studies in Finland and the U.S. showed that beta carotene supplem

28、ents dont ward off cancer at all.It looks like taking this substance in high doses is not the right thing to do,“ says a Harvards researcher.Health experts are not ready to list the foods that will keep cancer at bay, but some broad outlines of an anti-cancer diet are taking shape. Beta carotene mig

29、ht not be the key. But fruits and vegetables seem to help. So along with giving up tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption, the best way to prevent a broad range of cancers, given the current state of medical knowledge, is to eat more fruits and vegetables. That sort of diet will help you stay trim

30、 and prevent heart disease anywayso if, against all odds, it turns out to have no effect on cancer, it certainly cant hurt.26. We may conclude from the first paragraph thatA heart disease is mainly caused by abnormal eating habits.|B cancer is far more difficult to prevent than heart disease.C chang

31、ing the programming of DNA may help treat cancer.D designing an anticancer diet is as easy as a breeze.27. Observations and studies of women living in the U.S. prove thatA American women are in better health than women of Japanese ancestry.B there is a clear relationship between high-fat diets and b

32、reast cancer.C Japanese women have not yet fully adapted to Western eating norm.D there is nothing conclusive in terms of the breast cancer-fat link.28. We can learn from the selection that beta carotene supplementsA are ineffective in preventing heart disease.B may not be effective in preventing ca

33、ncer.C are the most important nutrients we need.D| should normally be taken in low doses.29. According to health experts, eating more vegetables and fruitsA will definitely do us no harm whatsoever.|B is the most effective anti-cancer diet.C provides us with enough beta carotene.D can protect us aga

34、inst the harms caused by drinking.30. Which of the following questions does the selection best answer?A Can food protect us against cancer?B Should we believe in educated guesswork?|C Is beta carotene good for our health?D Are Japanese women more likely to get breast cancer?Text 3Despite the modem d

35、esire to be easy and casual, Americans from time to time give thought to the language they useto grammar, vocabulary, and gobbledygook. And as on other issues they divide into two parties. The larger, which includes everybody from the so-called plain man to the professional writer, takes it for gran

36、ted that there is a right way to use words and construct sentences, and there are many wrong ways. The right way is believed to be clearer, simpler, more logical, and hence more likely to prevent error and confusion. Good writing is easier to read; it offers a pleasant combination of sound and sense

37、.Against this majority view is the doctrine of an aggressive minority, who make up for their small number by their great learning and their place of authority in the world of scholarship. They are the professional linguists who deny that there is such a thing as correctness. The language, they say,

38、is what anybody and everybody speaks. Hence there must be no interference with what they regard as a product of naturethey denounce all attempts at guiding choice; their governing principle is epitomized in the title of a speech by a distinguished member of the profession.*Can Native Speakers of a L

39、anguage Make Mistakes?”Within the profession of linguist there are of course warring factions, but on this conception of language as a natural growth with which it is wrong to tamper they are at one. In their arguments one finds appeals to democratic feelings of social equality (all words and forms

40、are equally good) and individual freedom (anyone may do what he likes with his own speech). These assumptions further suggest that the desire for rightness, the very idea of better or worse in speech, is a hangover from aristocratic and oppressive times. To the linguists, change is the only ruler to

41、 be obeyed. They equate it with life and accuse their critics of being clock reversers, enemies of freedom, menaces to life.Somewhat inconsistently, the linguists produce dictionaries in which they tell us that a word or an expression is standard, substandard, colloquial, archaic, slang, or vulgar.

42、How do they know? They know by listening to the words people use and by noticingin conversations, newspapers, and books-how and by whom these words are used. Usage, then, is still real and various, even though the authorities refuse to point openly to a set of words and forms as being preferable to

43、others. fckStandard, gets around the difficulty of saying “best” or “right”.31. Most Americans believe thatA the language they use should be constantly improved.B language rules do exist and hence should be obeyed.C everyone has the right to use the language as he likes.D grammar, vocabulary and old

44、 phrases must be made easier.32. Which of the following is most likely the idea contained in the linguists speech “Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes?”AJ Native speakers think their mother tongue a natural product.B Native speakers are the best observers of language rules.C Mistakes in

45、usage made by native speakers are often misleading.D | Whatever a native speaker says is correct usage of the language.33. We can infer from the text that linguists hold thatA language knows no class distinction among different users.B it is wrong to accuse each other over the use of a language.C la

46、nguage is under the political influence of a society.D it is natural for people to want to use correct language.34. In the last sentence of paragraph 3,“clock reversers refer toA linguistic authorities.B advocates of aristocratic system and oppression.|C those with desire for rightness of the langua

47、ge.D warring factions in the field of linguistics.35. The author points out that linguists produce dictionaries whichA prove that there are no rules guiding the use of a language.B contradict their argument that languages are equally good.C show that authorities do not pay enough attention to usage.D convince the reader that the author is right.Text 4A university professor has built a “virtual laboratory on the World Wide Web to give engineering students a taste of the challenge they may someday face on the job. With a few clicks of a