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1、-第 1 页可数不可数名词用可数不可数名词用法练习题法练习题-第 2 页可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物,它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数,可以数出数量的事物;所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词 a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律:a一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds;读音:清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读z。b以 s
2、.x.sh.ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches;读音:iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries;读音:z。d以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如:knife-knives,thief-thieves;读音:z。e以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1)有生命的+es读音:z如:mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroespotato-potatoes-第
3、3 页2)无生命的+s读音:z如:photo-photosradio-radiosf.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people。除此之外,还有一部分名词单复数同形,如:fish 鱼,deer 鹿,sheep 绵羊,works(工厂),means 手段,Swiss 瑞士人,Chinese 中国人,news 新闻,goods
4、 商品有一些名词则只有复数形式:trousers 裤子,pants 裤子,shorts 短裤 glasses 眼镜,compasses圆规,scales 天平,pliers 钳子,clips 剪子“某国人”的复数有三种类型:(1)Chinese,Japanese,Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加 s;(2)Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men;(3)其他各国人以an,-ian 收尾的均直接加 s。如:Americans,Australians,Indians 等。可依照这个口诀记忆:中日不变,英法变,其他”s”加后面。-第 4 页不可数名
5、词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词 a/an,若要表示它的个体意义时,一般需要将其量化。不可数名词如何量化:就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”,比如:a piece of bread(paper(纸),cloth(布),coal(煤),news(新闻),advice(意见),information(信息),meat(肉))an item of information 一则情报a slip of paper一张纸条a length of cloth 一段布料a cake of soap一块肥皂a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏a bottle o
6、f ink 一瓶墨水 等。当量词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,量词需要用复数形式,如 two bottles of water 两瓶水two pieces of paper 两张纸等;同时,可数名词也有相应用法,如:a box of apples 一箱苹果sixboxes of apples 六箱苹果 等。-第 5 页学过的不可数名词有:broccoli,orange,ice-cream,salad,chicken,milk,work,rice,bread,hair,homework,money,news,food,fun,health,ice,luck,music,nature,paper,p
7、leasure,rain,snow,time,water,weather,wind,等。不可数名词:a piece of newsa good piece of newsa bad piece of news.An exciting piece of newsmuch newspapertwo pieces of informationa set of furnituremuch machinerya lot of jewelleryenough chalkthree pieces of breadmuch homeworka lot of work-第 6 页much experiencea
8、 bar of chocolatea stick of candya cake of soapa bowl of soupa mouthful of ricea spoonful of sugara handful of sanda cup of coffeea grain of ricea sum of moneya block of icea box of chalka glass of milka basin of wateran article of clothinga suit of clothesmuch foodenough money-第 7 页a box of golda p
9、ile of sandfour sheets of paperfive bottles of winea glass of juicea bottle of jama bowl of soupa grain of ricea sum of moneya block of ice常用不可数名词bread 面包 beer 啤酒cloth 布 coffee 咖啡cream 奶油 dust 尘土gin 杜松子酒 glass 玻璃gold 黄金 ice 冰jam 果酱 oil 油paper 纸 sand 沙soap 肥皂 stone 石头-第 8 页tea 茶 water 水 juice 饮料wine
10、葡萄酒 wood 木头advice 忠告主意 beauty 美丽,漂亮courage 勇气 death 死亡experience 经验 fear 担心help 帮助 hope 希望horror 恐惧 information 消息信息knowledge 知识 mercy 仁慈pity 同情 relief 救济suspicion 猜疑 work 工作baggage 行李 camping 露营damage 损害 furniture 家具luggage 行李 parking 停车shopping 购物 weather 气候只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:much,a great deal of,a gre
11、at/large amount of 等。记住这十个词,人称雷打不动的十大金刚:advice,news,information,progress,work.fun,weather,music,health,luck。在使用这些词时,不管其前面有多少修饰语,其前一定不要用不定冠-第 9 页词 a 或 an。一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker,farmer,desk,factory 等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如 people,family 等)。如
12、果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可 数 名 词 分 为 物 质 名 词(表 示 无 法 分 为 个 体 的 物 质,如meat,rice,water,milk,orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work,homework,time,health,friendship 等)。二、可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如:book books room roomshouse hous
13、es day days2.以 s,ss,ch,sh,x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如:-第 10 页bus buses glass glasseswatch watchesdish dishes box boxes3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要先将 y 改为 i 再加-es。如:city cities body bodiesfactory factories 等等。4.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,要将 f 或 fe 改为 v 再加-es。如:half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5.特例 悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。child chi
14、ldren man men woman womenpoliceman policemen(规律:man men)tomato tomatoespotato potatoes悄悄话:初中英语以 o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s 喽!如:photo photos foot feet tooth teeth-第 11 页悄悄话:oo 变成 ee。sheep,Chinese,Japanese 单、复数同形悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。people 单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people 的复数形式 peoples 通常指多个民族。三、不可数名词的家务事1.不可数
15、名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:water(水)waters(水域)orange(橘汁)oranges(橘子)3.很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:fruit fruits food foodsfish fishes hair hairs名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词。在句子中可数名词要么前边加冠词,要么用其复数形式。名-第 12 页词的复数通常加 s
16、,但以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词 es;以“辅音字母y”结尾的词把“y”变成“i”,再加 es。不规则名词的复数有其特殊形式。物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。名词有主格(作主语)、宾格(作宾语)和属格(表示所属关系)。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词,它们有其基本用法和特殊用法。数词分为基数词、序数词和分数词,数词与名词在实际运用中要呼应。名 词 的 数一、可数名词1.可数名词有单复数之分。在句中,名词的单数形式前边要有冠词或表示单数的限定词,否则就要用其复数形式。名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾 s、es,或将 y 改为 i 再加 es。但如果名词前边有表示单数的冠词或表示单数的限定词,就
17、不能用其复数形式2.有少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,childchildren,manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth,goosegeese,mousemice,oxoxen3.英语里还有些名词的单复数变化较为特殊,需特别注意analysisanalyses,bacteriumbacteria,basisbases,crisiscrises,criterioncriteria,datumdata,formulaformulae(或formulas),fungusfungi,phenomenonphenomena,syllabussyllabi,-第 13 页
18、thesistheses4.有些名词的单复数是一样的:aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,deer,fish,Japanese,means,series,species 等。5.如果前边有表示复数的限定词时名词用其复数形式6.在形容词最高级中,表示范围的 of 后要用名词复数形式7.有些集体名词在形式上是单数如 people(人民,人们),police(警察),cattle(牲畜),staff(全体人员,全体职员),但它们表达复数的含意。如果这些词做主语,其谓语须用复数形式。8.hair 和 fruit 一般情况下用单数,表示总体。但如果我们要表示若干根头发或几种水果时,就
19、要用这两个词的复数形式eg:He bought apples,oranges and other fruits.(“fruits”在此处意为“多种水果”)另外还要注意:police 和 cattle 的谓语形式总是用复数形式。9.名词做定语时,不能用作复数二、不可数名词1.不可数名词为物质名词和抽象名词,如information,proverty,advice,anger,applause,baggage,cake,chalk,chocolate,cloth(布),bread,damage(损 害),equipment,fruit,furniture,gold,information,ink,
20、jewellery,luggage,mail(邮件),money,news,paper,protection,soap,-第 14 页sugar,weaponry,machinery,scenery,personnel,work 等注:不可数名词可以与表示量的可数名词连用,借以表示“可数”的概念,我们可以加 a(n)piece sheet(张),suit(套),tube(管),packet(包),item(条,则),bar(条),basket(篮子),glass(杯),bunch(束),pair(双,对),bowl(碗),portion(份),herd(群),series(系列),shower
21、(阵)etc.,如:apiece of advice(一条建议)a basket of fruit(一篮水果)an item ofinformation(一则信息)a kind of protection(一种保护)等。不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词!例如下列用法均属错误:the mathematicsthe bankinga clothanequipment不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。如:Water is important.但如果不可数名词前面被 piece,drop,set 等词修饰时,谓语应该与piece,drop,set 等的单复数形式保持一致例如:Few
22、 drops of water are needed to save the flower.下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunsh-第 15 页ine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,san
23、d,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignoran
24、ce,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechani
25、cs,genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measle-第 16 页s,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics请特别注意其中以s 结尾的不可数名词,大家平时应该积累遇到的不可数名词!注意下列可数名词!poetpoemessaynewspapermachineweaponscenephotographphotographer英语中有许多名词既可作可数,又可作不可数。如:hair 作“人或动物的毛”的时候是可数名词,作头发解释时是不
26、可数名词。判断一个词是否可数,除了记忆以外,主要看题中该名词的修饰词来决定。如:much 只能修饰不可数名词可数名词不可数名词练习题可数名词不可数名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、foot13、Japanese14、radio15、photo-第 17 页16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、sheep二、选择填空1、Thereon the wall.They are very beau
27、tiful.A.are photoesB.are photosC.is a photoD.is photos2.This carmade in Shanghai.A.isB.areC.were D.has3.There are fourand twoin the group.A.Japanese,GermenB Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans4.Thatsart book.A.anB.aC.the D are5.The boys have gotalready.A.two breadB.two breadsC.two pi
28、eces of breadD.two piece of bread6.The old man wants.A.six boxes of applesB.six boxes of appleC.six box of applesD.six boxs of apples-第 18 页7.Theresomein the river.A.is,fishB.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish8.Theretwoin the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches9.We should cleantwice a
29、 day.A.our toothB.our toothsC.teethD.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacherB.teachersC.teachersD.teachers11.In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box12.There are_ birds in that big tree.A.hundreds ofB.five hundreds ofC.five
30、hundred ofD.hundred of用所给名词的适当形式填空。1.How many_(sheep)are there on the hill?2.There is some_(food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two_(tooth)now.4.There is a lot of_(water)in the bottle.5.There are five_(people)in his family.-第 19 页6.Lets take_(photo),OK?7.I have lots of_(tomato)here.8.The_(leaf)on
31、 the tree turn-yellow.9.The_(child)areplayinggameson the playground now.10.Their_(dictionary)look new.11.I see you have a few white_(hair).12.They are_(woman)doctors.13.Can you give me some bottles of _(orange),please?14.There are many_(fox)in the picture.15.I would like some apple_(juice).I am very thirsty.参考答案:1.sheep 2.food 3.teeth 4.water 5.people 6.photos 7.tomatoes 8.leaves 9.children 10.dictionaries 11.hair,hairs 12.women 13.orange 14.foxes 15.juice
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