考研英语二历年真题及答案全面解析2012-2018年.docx

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1、2012年研究生入学考试真题及解析Section I Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see Gl.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but thafs not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1)in World War II and the people they liberated ,the Gl.was the 2) man

2、grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an avera

3、ge guy ,up 6)the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow Joe Magra

4、c .a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (1 l)career fighting German Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the la

5、st days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willi

6、e cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.(19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American

7、 soldier,(20)the mostimportant person in their lives.l.A performedBservedCrebelledDbetrayed2.A actualBcommonCspecialDnormal3.AboreB casedCremovedDloaded4.AnecessitiesBfaciliticeCcommoditiesDpropertoes5.AandBnorCbutDhence6.AJforBJintoC formDJagainst7.AmeaningBimplyingCJsymbolizingDJclaiming8.Ahanded

8、outBjturn overCJbrought backDJpassed down9.ApushedBgot|CmadeD managed10.Aever|BneverCeitherDneither1 l.AdisguisedB (disturbedCdisputed|Ddistinguished12.AcompanyBcollectionCcommunityDcolony13.AemployedBappointedCinterviewedDquestioned14.AethicalBmilitaryCpoliticalDhuman15.Aruined|Bcommuted C patrol l

9、ed| D|gained16.AparalleledBcounteractedCduplicatedDcontradicted17.AneglectedBjavoidedCemphasizedDadmired18.AstagesBillusionsCfragmentsDadvancea19.AWithBToCAmongDBeyond20.Aon the contrary B by this means Cfrom the outset Dat that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followi

10、ng four texts, answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, mos

11、t recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade.This rule

12、is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially

13、giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as m

14、uch of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who per

15、formed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions a

16、bout homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students9 academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than

17、they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.2 Lit is implied in paragraph 1 th

18、at nowadays homework.A is receiving more criticismBis no longer an educational ritualCis not required for advanced coursesDis gaining more preferences22 .L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students.Atend to have moderate expectations for their educationBhave asked for a

19、 different educational standardCJmay have problems finishing their homework DJhave voiced their complaints about homework23 .According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may.Adiscourage students from doing homeworkBresult in students indifference to their report cardsCundermine th

20、e authority of state tests Drestrict teachers power in education24 . As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether.A it should be eliminatedBit counts much in schoolingCit places extra burdens on teachersDit is important for grades25 .A suitable title for this text

21、 could be.AWrong Inteq)retation of an Educational Policy BJA Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsCJThomy Questions about HomeworkDA Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. Tt is not that

22、pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls9 identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of

23、 innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded

24、 at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were i

25、ntroduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences be

26、came a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is

27、natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popular

28、ised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone“ between infant wear and older kids clothes. Tt was only after toddlerbecame a common shoppers9 term that it e

29、volved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying it

30、 is.the rainbow(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink.Ashould not be the sole representation of girlhoodBshould not be associated with girls* innocenceCcannot explain girls* lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls* lives and interests27 . According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true o

31、f colours?AColours are encoded in girls DNA.BBlue used to be regarded as the colour fbr girls.CPink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.DWhite is prefered by babies.28 .The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced by.AJthe marketin

32、g of products for childrenB|the observation of childrens natureCresearches into childrens behavior Dstudies of childhood consumption 29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to.Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothesBattach equal importance to different gendersCclass

33、ify consumers into smaller groupsDcreate some common shoppers1 terms30.1 t can be concluded that girls1 attraction to pink seems to be.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyBJfully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenDwell interpreted by psychologic

34、al expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents fbr isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnol

35、ogy Industry Organisation (BIO) a trade group assured members that this was just a preliminary step in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that

36、help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad* a company in Utah said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over

37、 Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented ； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it； and patents* monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal tas

38、k-force urged reform fbr patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court*s deci

39、sion, big questions remain unanswered. For example* it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file

40、many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy,companies are eager to win patents fbr connecting the dits

41、expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.

42、Each meeting was packed.31.1 t canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would likeA.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patentableD.the BIO to issue a warning32 .those who are against gene patents believe that- A.genetic tests are not reliab

43、leB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33 .according to hans sauer .companies are eager to win patents for-A.establishing disease comelations B.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.id

44、entifying human DNA34 . By saying “each meeting was packedM(line4,para6)the author means thatA.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35 .generally speaking ,the authors attitude toward ge

45、ne patenting is-一A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our

46、politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financial

47、ly prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left s