2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021英语真题答案.docx

《2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021英语真题答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021英语真题答案.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案202I英语真题答案 2021年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But

2、 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter doesshort-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heart rate and oxygen consumptionBut because hard laughter is difficult to, a goodlaugh is unlikely to have benefits the way, sa

3、y,walking or jogging does.,instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently acplishes the , studies dating back to the 第1页共32页 1930* s indicate that laughter, muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help theeffects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of

4、laughing probably does produce other types offeedback, that improve an individual s emotional state.one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. Itwas argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they aresad but they bee sad when te tears beg

5、in to flow. Although sadness also tears, evidence suggests thatemotions can flow muscular responses. In anexperiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz. 1. A among B except C despite D like 2. A reflect B demand C indicate D produce 3. A stabilizing B boosting C impairing D determining 4.

6、A transmit B sustain C evaluate D observe 5. A measurable 第2页共32页B manageable C affordable D renewable 6. A Inturn B In fact C In addition D In brief7 A opposite8 impossible C average D expected 8. A hardens9 weakens C tightens D relaxes 9. A aggravate10 generate C moderate D enhance10. A physical8

7、mental C subconscious D internal11. A Exceptfor B According to C Due to D As for12. A with8 on C in D at13. A unless8 until C if D because14. A exhausts8 follows C precedes D suppresses15. A into8 from C towards D beyond16. A fetch8 bite C pick D hold17. A disappointed8 excited C joyful D indifferen

8、t第3页共32页18. A adapted8 catered C turned D reacted19. A suggesting8 requiring C mentioning D supposing20. A Eventually B Consequently C SimilarlyD Conversely Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

9、Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points) Text1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2021. Forthe most part, the response has been favorable

10、, to say the least. Hooray!At last! ” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One 第4页共32页of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is paratively little known. EvenTommasini, who had advocated Gilbert s appointment in the Times, calls

11、him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. Fo

12、r my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting positions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. AllI have to do is to go to my

13、 CD shelf or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For 第5页共32页 the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must pete not

14、 only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater panies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s live performances; moreover

15、, they can be consumed at a time and place of the listener s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not

16、 yet available on record. Gilbert s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different, more vibrant organization. But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely

17、 expanding the orchestra s repertoire will not be enough. If第6页共32页Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract. 21.We learn from Para. 1 that Gilbert s appointment has A incurred criti

18、cism. B raised suspicion. C received acclaim. D aroused curiosity. 22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isA influential. B modest.C respectable. D talented.23. Theauthor believes that the devoted concertgoersA ignore the expenses of live performances. B reject most kinds of recorded perform

19、ances. C exaggerate the variety of live performances. D overestimate the value of live performances. 24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? A They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. B They are easily accessible to the general public. C They 第7页共32页 help

20、improve the quality of music. D They have only covered masterpieces. 25.Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels A doubtful. B enthusiastic.C confident. D puzzled.Text2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisi

21、ngly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a pany. Broadcasting his ambition wasvery much my decision, McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford F

22、inancial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September29. McGeesays leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of pany he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And 第8页共32页McGee isn t alone. Inrecent week

23、s the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. Asboards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has seniorma

24、nagers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a . Inthe third quarter; CEO turnover was down23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, a

25、ccording to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. Thedecision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For 第9页共32页years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are th

26、e ones who must be poached. SaysKorn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: I can t think of a single search I ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. Those who jumped without a job haven t always landed in top positions quickly. EllenMarram quit as chief of Tropicana

27、a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Interbased modities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 20xx with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later. Many recruiters say the old dis

28、grace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. The 第10页共32页 traditional rule was it s safer to stay where you are, but that s been fundamentally inverted, “ says one headhunter. The people who ve been hurt the worst are

29、those who ve stayed too long. 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being A arrogant. B frank.C self-centered. D impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by A their expectation of better financial status. B their need to

30、reflect on their private life. C their strained relations with the boards. D their pursuit of new career goals. 28.The word poached (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means A approved of. B attended to. C hunted for. D guarded against. 29.第11页共32页It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA top

31、 performers used to cling to their posts, B loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated. C top performers care more about reputations. D it s safer to stick to the traditional rules. 30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A CEOs: Where to Go? B CEOs: All the Way Up? C Top Manage

32、rs Jump without a D The Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional paid media - such as television mercials and print advertisements - still play a major role, panies today can exploit many alter

33、native forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create u owned media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are control

34、led by marketers promoting their own products. For 第12页共32页 earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketerT s owned media bee another marketer s paid media - for instance, when an e-merce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such

35、 sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-merce engines within that environment. This trend , which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go

36、 further. Johnson&; Johnson, for exIe, has created BabyCenter; a stand-alone media property that promotes plementary and even petitive products. Besides generating ine, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives panies opportunities to learn valuable information about the a

37、ppeal of other panies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all panies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) 第13页共32页 munications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions

38、in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or caign bees hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social works, for instance, are learning that

39、they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target pany at risk. In such a case, the pany s response may not be sufficiently quick or thou

40、ghtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for exIe, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response caign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as and the s

41、ocial-news siteDigg. 31. Consumers 第14页共32页 may create “earned“ media when they are A obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products. Denthusiastic about remending their favorite products.

42、32. Accordingto Paragraph2, sold media feature A a safe business environment. B random petition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33. Theauthor indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects

43、 in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer petition. D deserve all the negative ments about them. 34. 第15页共32页Toyota Motor s experience is cited as an exIe of A responding effectively to hijacked media. B persuading customers into boycotting products. C cooperating with supportive consumers. D t

44、aking advantage of hijacked media. 35.Which of the following is the text mainly about ? A Alternatives to conventional paid media. B Conflict between hijacked and earned media. C Dominance of hijacked media. D Popularity of owned media. Text4 It s no surprise that Jennifer Senior s insightful, provo

45、cative magazine cover story, I love My Children, I Hate My Life, is arousing much chatter - nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a pletely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Ratherthan concluding that children make parents either happy or miser

46、able, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even 第16页共32页 though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior write

47、s that “the very things that in the moment den our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight. The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. Thereare also stories about newly adoptive - and

48、 newly single - mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnantw news. Practicallyevery week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands. In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is e