新视野大学英语读写教程第一单元.docx

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1、NHCE Book IVReading and WritingStudents BookUnit 1PreviewA persons reputation is one of the most important things he possesses and it deserves protecting. The key to building a good name is to be consistent. You will not win the favor of the public or the people around you overnight. In fact, it wil

2、l take many years of efforts before you establish your proper place in society. Once you have earned a good name, be careful to maintain it through civility, integrity and humility.1Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningListen to a passage about Oscar Wilde and quotations from him.Oscar Wild

3、e was famous not only for his plays and offensive public behavior, but also for his cynical quotations. Here are two quotes and their meanings. The first quote is, “No man is rich enough to buy back his past. It means that a person should be careful about the choices he or she makes in life, because

4、 some mistakes can never be corrected later The second quote is, Men become old, but they never become good. It means that while men may get older, they never learn to be good. Wilde seemed to have very little faith in himself or his fellow man.Second ListeningListen to the passage again and answer

5、the following questions according to what you hear. The last question is open-ended and may have different answers.1. For what was Oscar Wilde famous?Oscar Wilde was famous for his plays, offensive public behavior and his cynical quotations.2. What does the quote Men become old, but they never becom

6、e good mean?It means that while men gradually become older, they never learn how to be good.3. Here is another quote from Wilde: Life is never fair. And perhaps it is a good thing for most of us that it is not. How do you understand this quote? Background Information1. Tennessee Williams (1911-1983)

7、 was an American writer whose plays are mainly about people with emotional problems and are set in the Southern State. As a playwright Williams began his career while studying at the University of Missouri and Washington University, St. Louis. The first critical triumph came in 1945 with The Glass M

8、enagerie. The Glass Menagerie ran on Broadway for over a year and received the New York Drama Critics9 Circle Award. Williams9 next major play, A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), won the Pulitzer Prize, and established him as a major American dramatist. Williams also received the Pulitzer Prize for Ca

9、t on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), about the moral decay of a Southern family, and for The Night of the Iguana (1961). For more information about Williams, visit httj):/.2. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was one of the most famous American novelists, short story writers and essayists, whose deceptively simpl

10、e prose style has influenced a wide range of writers. Hemingway was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature.Hemingway9s first books, Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923) and In Our Time (1924), were published in Paris. The Torrents of Spring appeared in 1926 and Hemingway9s first serious novel, Th

11、e Sun Also Rises, in the same year. The novel deals with a group of expatriates in France and Spain, members of the disillusioned post-World War I Lost Generation. Hemingway wrote and rewrote the novel in various parts of Spain and France between 1924 and 1926. It became his first great success as a

12、 novelist. Although the novel9s language is simple, Hemingway used understatement and omission, which make the text multilayered and rich in allusions.After the publication of Men Without Women (1927), Hemingway returned to the United States, settling in Key West, Florida. In Florida he wrote A Fare

13、well to Arms, which was published in 1929. In 1937 Hemingway observed the Spanish Civil war firsthand. As many writers did, he supported the cause of the Loyalists. In Madrid he met Martha Gellhorn, a writer and war correspondent, who became his third wife in 1940. In For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)

14、Hemingway returned again in Spain. He dedicated the book to Gellhorn - Maria in the story was partly modeled after her. They divorced in 1945.The Old Man and the Sea, published first in Life magazine in 1952, again restored his fame. The 27,000 word novella told a story of an old Cuban fisherman nam

15、ed Santiago, who finally catches a giant marlin after weeks of not catching anything. As he returns to the harbor, the sharks eat the fish lashed to his boat.On July 2, 1961, Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite shotgun at his home.For more information about Hemingway, visit http:/www.kirja

16、sto.sci.fi/heminswa.thm and http:/www.ernest.heminK3. Robert Frost (1874-1963) was one of Americas leading 20th-century pOejs an() a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. An essentially pastoral poet often associated with rural New England, Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcen

17、d any region. His poetry is thus both traditional and experimental, regional and universal.He unquestionably succeeded in realizing his lifes ambition: to write “a few poems where they will be hard to get rid of.Visit the websites http:/www.pro-net.co.uk/home/catalyst/RF/rfcover.html, andhttp:www.en

18、ilish.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a f/frost/frost.htm for more information about Frost and his poems.4. T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) was a poet, playwright, and critic. Born in St. Louis, after Harvard he studied in Europe, in 1927 becoming a British citizen. He won the 1948 Nobel Prize for Literature.Eliot has b

19、een one of the most daring innovators of 20th-century poetry. Never compromising either with the public or indeed with language itself, he followed his belief that poetry should aim at a representation of the complexities of modern civilization in language and that such representation necessarily le

20、ads to difficult poetry. Despite this difficulty his influence on modern poetic diction had been immense.For more information about Eliot, visit http:/www.enulish.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a f7eliot/eliot.htm.5. Claude Monet (1840-1926) was a French painter who was involved in starting Impressionism, best

21、 known for his picture of the countryside in which he was concerned to show the effects of light.TolearnmoreaboutMonet,visithttD:www.academic.scranton.edu/student/KOSINSKIK2/Life.htmlandhttp:/www.uiverny.oru/monet/biouraph.6. Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) was a famous French painter, and one of

22、the founders and exponents of the Impressionist Movement. His works are characterized by an extraordinary richness of feelings, warmth of response to the world and the people in it. Renoir once said: uWhy shouldnt art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in the world. For more information a

23、bout Renoir,visithttp: www.renoir.oru.yu/andhttp:/www.ihiblio.oru/wm/paint/auth/renoir.7. Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was a Spanish surrealist painter known for his strange life and habits. He painted his dreams and bizarre moods in a precise illusionistic fashion. Visit or http:www.dali- to find more

24、 about Dalis life and his works.8. Sir Alfred Hitchcock (1899-1980) was a British filmmaker. He was essentially concerned with depicting the tenuous relations between people and objects and rendering the terror inherent in commonplace realities. Visit andhttp: for more information.9. Federico Fellin

25、i (1920-1993), Italian film director, began as an exponent of poetic Neorealism, and later became the cinemas undisputed master of psychological Expressionism and surrealist fantasy. Visit the following websites to learn more about him: http:/www.italian.vassar.edu/fellini/fellinihome.htm, htt):www.

26、inblackandwhit3C()m/FcdcricoFMliniv2.()and10. Steven Spielberg (1946-) is perhaps Hollywoods best-known director and one of the wealthiest filmmakers in the world, and also one of the most influential film personalities in the history of film. Spielberg has directed or produced many of the top-gross

27、ing films in Hollywood history, including E.T.: The Extra-Terrestria Schindler 9s List, Saving Private Ryan, etc. To get more information about Spielberg, please visit and .11. Thomas Wolfe (1900-1938) was one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. His opulent language and unique literary styl

28、e have elevated his life to legendary status through his four autobiographical novels: Look Homeward, Angel (1929), Of Time and the River (1935), From Death to Morning (1935), The Story of a Novel (1936). These books, along with many short stories published in magazines, complete the works that appe

29、ared during his lifetime. For more information about him, visit http:/www.library.uncwil.edu/wolfe/wolfe.html, http: www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hs/wolfe/wolfe.htmand.12. Look Homeward, Angel is Thomas Wolfes first novel. Published in 1929, it is slightly autobiographical, and Wolfe uses the mai

30、n character, Eugene Gant, as a stand-in for himself.-3-It shows his maturing from birth to the age of 18 in the fictional town and state of Altamont, Catawba, which many believe to be a not-so-subtle mirror of his hometown, Asheville, North Carolina. Many of the characters of Look Homeward, Angel we

31、re also strongly based on real people from Asheville, and were often not portrayed in a pleasing manner This resulted in a certain estrangement between Wolfe and his hometown, and it is speculated that this formed some of the basis for his later work You Can 7 Go Home Again.13. Ludwig van Beethoven

32、(1770-1827) was a German composer. He is universally recognized as one of the greatest composers of the Western European music tradition. Beethovens works crowned the classical period and also effectively initiated the romantic area in music. His astonishing Third Symphony (1803) was the thunderclap

33、 that announced the romantic century, and it embodies the titanic but rigorously controlled energy that was the hallmark of his style. He began to lose his hearing from c. 1795; by c. 1819 he was totally deaf. For his last 15 years he was unrivaled as the worlds most famous composer. In musical form

34、 he was a considerable innovator, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto, and string quartet. His greatest achievement was to raise instrumental music, hitherto considered inferior to vocal, to the highest plane of art. The websites and http: provide more information about him and his work

35、s.14. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and short story writer. Known for his wit and flamboyance, he was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London, and one of the greatest celebrities of his day. As the result of a famous trial, he suffered a dra

36、matic downfall and was imprisoned for two years of hard labor after being convicted of the homosexual offences. The following websites contain the information about Oscar Wildes biography, career highlights, photos and quotes: http:wwwvictorianweb.org/authors/wilde/wildeov.htmlandhttp:/www.ucc.ie/ce

37、lt/wilde.html.15. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) was a Swiss educational reformer. Between 1805 and 1825 he directed the Yverdon Institute, which drew pupils and educators from all over Europe. His teaching method emphasized group rather than individual recitation and focused on such partici

38、patory activities as drawing, writing, singing, physical exercise, model making, collecting, mapmaking, and field trips. Among his ideas, considered radically innovative at the time, were making allowances for individual differences, grouping students by ability rather than age, and encouraging form

39、al teacher training. The following websites have moreinformationaboutPestalozzi:http:/www.heinrich-pestalozzi.de/en/zurbiographie/kurzbiographieand http:/www.ibe.unesco.oru/publications/ThinkersPdpestaloe.PDF.TextThe Tail of FamePara 1. An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who

40、, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.1. An artist (who seeks fame) is like a dog chasing its own tail who, when he capture it, does not know w

41、hat else to do but to continue chasing it. (Para. 1) 艺术家追求成名,如同狗自逐其尾,一旦追到手,除了继续追逐不知还能做些 什么。Meaning: An artist who tries to achieve fame will not stop doing so even when he succeeds in getting it, just as a dog tries to get its own tail.chase: vt. run after someone or something in order to catch them

42、Police chased the thief and eventually recovered the missing money.警察紧追小 偷,最后把丢失的钱找了回来。The kids chased each other in the garden.孩子们在花园里相互追逐。2. The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. (Para. 1)成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。Meaning:

43、The harsh reality of success is that it often destroys those who try hard to achieve it. participate in: take part in or become involved in an activityEveryone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.班 里的每个人都应该积极参加这些讨论。They wanted opportunities to participate in the dec

44、ision-making process 他门希 望有机会参与决策制定。Para 2. Dont quit your day job!M is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankru

45、pt. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fames imperial glory is not easily resisted.3. Dont quit your day job! is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budd

46、in! 发芽 artist who is trying hard to succeed (Para 2)对一名正努力捻求成百并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家,其亲朋常常会建议“正经的 饭碗不能丢!”他们的担心不无道理。Meaning: The budding artisfs family and friends frequently advise him against giving up his day job. Their feeling that the artist might fail in his pursuit is understandable.蕾 A uday job” refers

47、to the normal job where one earns most of their money. A “budding artist“ is one who is beginning to develop or show signs of future success in a particular area.pessimistic: a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result.I am deeply pessimistic about the future,我对未来感到极其悲观。This may sound like putting the cart before the horse and being unnecessarily pessimistic.这听起来像是本末倒置,是不必要的悲观。4. The conquest of fame is difficult at best,充其量;至多 and many end up 结束、 告终 emotionally if not financially bankrupt.破产(Para. 2)