考研核心词汇总结.docx

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1、考研核心词汇choice/tFCis/n.选择，抉择，精选品，选择机会，选择权adj.精选的，上等的，挑三拣四的，可选的，宠爱的，爱惜的 例She had to make a choice between the two dresses.她得在两件衣服中选择一件。同义alternative , cream , decision , option, pick, preference , selection派生choose/tFu:z/v.选择，选定固定搭配at ones own choice随意挑选，自由选择;be choice of好挑剔的;utmost/5QtmEust/n.极限，最大可能，

2、极力adj.极度的，最远的例the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角同义extreme, farthest,greatest, most固定搭配at the utmost 至多；do ones utmost 尽全力；make the utmost of .充分利用；to the utmost竭力；尽力；reaction / ri（:）5AkFEn / n.反应，反作用，反动（力）例What is his reaction to your proposal? 他对你的建议有什么反应？反义action / 5AkFEn / n.动作，作用，战斗，行动，举动，行为，（戏剧或

3、书中）的情节,（某一地区、领域或团体中）最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动vt.对起诉派生react/ri5Akt/vi.起反应，起作用，反抗，起反作用reactive / ri（:）5Aktiv / adj.反应的,起反作用的，反动的，电抗性的interfere/7intE5fiE/vi.干涉，干预，妨碍，打扰例I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game.我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了进来，把游戏给打乱了。同义arbitrate, encroach, intercede .interrupt, inte

4、rvene, intrude, meddle派牛J interference /7intE5fiErEns/ n.冲突,干涉固定搭配interfere in干涉，干预；interfere with妨碍；干涉，干扰；comprehension /7kCmpri5henFEn/ n.理解，包含例Reading depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used.阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。同义apprehensionMX incomprehension / in7kCmpri5henFEn / n.

5、不了解,不领悟派生comprehensive/7kCmpri5hensiv/adj.全面的，广泛的，能充分理解的，包容的comprehend /7kCmpri5hend/ vt.领会，理解，包括（包含），由组成hence / hens / adv.因此,从此例They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian art.他们在苏丹长大；由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣同义accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore反义ago/E5人Eu/

6、adv.以前的,以往的transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n.播送，发射，传动，传送，传输，转播（5iJ transmission of news 消息的传播同义sending .transport, transfer; broadcast反义reception / ri5sepFEn / n.接待，招待会，接收派生transmissible / trAnz5misEbl / adj.可传送的，可遗传的transmit / trAnz5mit / vt.传输，转送,传达，传导，发射，遗传，传播vi.发射信号，发报inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj.

7、错误的,不准确的例There is a slight inaccuracy in this design.这张设计图中有一点不大准确。同义incorrect, inexact反义accurate / 5Akjurit / adj,正确的，精确的派生inaccuracy / in5AkjurEsi / n.错误indefinite/in5definit/adj.模糊的，不确定的J语不定的例an indefinite leave of absence对在场者的离席无明确限制的同义broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear

8、; vagu反义definite / 5definit / adj.明确的，一定的派生indefinitely / in5definitli / adv.不确定地characterize / 5kArIktEraIz / vt.表现的特色，刻画的性格例This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。同义depict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent派生characterization / 7kAriktErai5zeiFEn / n,描述，

9、人物之创造assume / E5sju:m / vt.假定，设想，采取，呈现例The queen assumed a velvet robe.王后穿了一件天鹅绒长袍同义adopt, believe, presume, put on, suppose, suspect反义conclude / kEn5klu:d / v.结束，终止，决定，作出结论vt.推断，断定，缔结，议定派生assumed / E5sju:md / adj.假定的，假装的，装的restorative / ri5stC:rEtiv / adj.有助于复元的 n.滋补剂例a restorative tonic有恢复作用的滋补品派生

10、restore/ris5tC:/vt,恢复，使回复，归还，交还，修复，重建function/5fQNkFEn/n.官能，功能，作用，职责，典礼，仪式，数函数vi.(器官等)活动，运行，行使职责例Growth is a function of nutrition .长身体是由营养决定的。同义act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform派生functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj.功能的固定搭配public function盛大的公共集会，正式社交集会；social function盛大的公共集会，正式社交集会；purpo

11、se / 5pE:pEs/ n.目的z意图，用途，效果，决心，意志vt.打算，企图，决心例He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television.他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。I司义aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object派生purposeful / 5pE:pEsful / adj.有目的的固定搭配on purpose故意地；有意地；to good purpose有益地，有成效地to little purpose or to no purpose几乎徒劳的，少有成效地

12、deprivation / 7depri5veiFEn / n.剥夺例deprivation of civil rights 剥夺公民权派生deprival /di5praivEI/ n.剥夺deprive / di5praiv / vt.剥夺，使丧失fatal /5feitl/ adj.致命的，重大的，命运注定的，不幸的，致命的，毁灭性的例Tt is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas MacArthur).”不抱赢的希望参加战争，那是必死无疑的（道格拉斯麦克阿瑟）。同义deadly, destructive

13、, disastrous, fateful, important, killing派生fatally / 5feItEII / adv.致命地，宿命地,不幸地bacterial / bAktIErlEI / adj.细菌的例bacterial diseases.细菌性疾病派生bacteria / bAk5tiEriE / n.细菌immune / i5mju:n / adj.免疫的例The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.罪犯被告知说，如果他协助警方，就可以免受惩罚。同义c

14、lear; exempt, free, resistant反义liable / 5Ebi / adj.有责任的，有义务的，易的，有倾向的，负有责任的，很有可能的 susceptible / sE5septEbl / adj.易受影响的，易感动的，容许的n.（因缺乏免疫力而）易得病的人派牛J immunize/Imjlknalz/v,使免疫，赋予免疫性crash/krAF/n.碰撞，坠落，坠毁，撞击声，爆裂声v.碰撞，坠落，坠毁，（指商业公司，政府等）破产，垮台例The el印hant crashed through the forest.大象冲进森林。同义break, shatter; sma

15、sh, strike派生crasher / krAFE（r） / n.猛击，不速之客固定搭配on a crash basis紧应急地：with a crash轰隆一声：vitamin / 5vaitEmin, 5vi- / n.维他命，维生素iJ primary vitamin 维生素原派生vitaminic / 7vaitE5minik / adj.维他命的organic/C:5AAnik/adj.器官的，有机的，组织的，建制的例an organic part 一个有机的组成部分派生organism / 5C:AEnizEm / n.生物体，有机体compound / 5kCmpaund /

16、 n.混合物，化化合物adj.复合的v.混合，配合例If you take this action, it will only compound your problems.如果你这么做，只能徒然增加你的困难。同义complex, mixture, blend派生compounding / 5kCmpaundiN / n.组合,1 昆合maintenance / 5meintinEns / n.维护，保持，生活费用，扶养例He took a course to learn about car maintenance.他学习了汽车保养的课程。反义abandonment / E5bAndEnmEn

17、t / n.放弃派生maintain / men5tein / vt,维持，维修，继续，供养，主张deficiency / di5fiFEnsi / n.缺乏，不足例a nutritional deficiency 营养缺乏同义shortage, insufficiency, lack, inadequacy weakness派生deficient / di5fiFEnt / adj.缺乏的，不足的，不完善的固定搭配make up for a deficiency补足亏空apparent / E5pArEnt/ adj.显然的，外观上的例It was apparent that he knew

18、 nothing about how to repair cars.很明显，他一点儿也不知道怎样修理小汽车。同义clear; evident, obvious, plain, seeming反义hidden / 5hidn / v. hide的过去分词adj.隐藏的派牛J 叩parently / E5pArEntlI / adv.显然地arrange / E5reindV / v.安排，排列，协商例In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order.词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。同义adapt, catalog, class

19、ify, fit, organize, settle反义derange / di5reindV / vt.使错乱，扰乱，使精神错乱,使发狂disturb / dis5tE:b / vt.弄乱，打乱，打扰，扰乱v.扰乱派生arrangement / E5reindVmEnt / n.排列，安排固定搭配arrange for安排，准备;arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事;essential/i5senFEI/adj.本质的，实质的，基本的，提炼的，精华的n.本质，实质，要素，要点例What is the essential difference between t

20、hese two economic systems?这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么？同义basic, fundamental, important, necessary, needed, required派生essentiality / i7senFi5Aliti / n.本性，真髓，本质，重要性excess / ik5sesz 5ekses / n.过度,剩于，无节制，超过，超额adj.过度的，额外的例You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.在飞机上你得付超重的行李费。同义additional, extra, surplus反义defici

21、ency / di5fiFEnsi / n.缺乏，不足派生excessive / ik5sesiv / adj.过多的，过分的，额外固定搭配in excess of超过agency / 5eidVEnsi / n.代理处，行销处,代理，中介例agency general 总代理同义management, office, operation, work派生agent / 5eidVEnt / n.代理（商）swarm/swC:m/n.蜂群，一大群v.涌往，挤满，密集，成群浮游，云集例The beach is swarming with bathers.海滩满是海浴的人。同义assemble, c

22、luster; collect, crowd, gather; meet固定搭配a swarm of 一群，一堆；swarm into 蜂拥而入：swarm with充满着，拥挤着；giant / 5dVaiEnt / n.巨人，大力士，巨大的动物或植物，伟人，天才adj.庞大的，巨大的例Shakespeare is a giant among writers.莎士比亚是一位文坛巨匠。同义colossal, enormous, gigantic, huge, immense, mammoth, monumental,反义diminutive/di5minjutiv/adj.小的，指小的，小型的

23、n.小的人，指小辞，指小词，爱称dwarf / dwC:f / n.矮子，侏儒v.（使）变矮小,giantlike / dValEntlalk / adj.巨人般的,巨大的disposable / dis5pEuzEbl / adj.可任意使用的例Every disposable piece of equipment was sent to the fire.每一种可用的设备都被大火烧毁了派生disposal / dis5pEuzEI / n.处理,处置,布置，安排，配置,支配dispose / dis5pEuz / v.处理，处置，部署vt.布置,安排，除去，使愿意fundamentally

24、 / fQndE5mentEII / adv.基础地，根本地例She is fundamentally unsuited to office work.她根本不适合做办公室工作。同义primarily派牛J fundament / 5fQndEmEnt / n.基础，基本原理，臀部fundamental / 7fQndE5mentl / adj.基础的，基本的n.基本原则，基本原理pension / 5penFEn / n.养老金,退休金例Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less

25、 efficient farmersz/(EJ. Dionne, Jn)”一些法国农夫向政府建议让那些年长的或工作效率低下的农夫领取退休金或补助金而退休”(小EJ.迪翁)同义aid, allowance, assistance, grant, help, stipend派牛J pensionable /、penFLnEbl/adj.有资格领退休金的，可领退休金的loyal/5ICi日/adj.忠诚的，忠心的例The people stayed loyal to their country.人民忠于他们的国家。同义devoted, dutiful, faithful, obedient, tru

26、e, trustworthy反义disloyal / dis51c旧/ adj.不忠的，背叛的，不忠诚的派生loyalty / 5ICIEItI / n.忠诚，忠心industrialization / in7dQstriElai5zeiFn / n.工业化，产业化例bring about industrialization实现工业化派生industrialize / in5dQstriElaiz / vt.使工业化 vi.工业化average/5AvEridV/n.平均，平均水平，平均数，海损adj. 一般的，通常的，平均的vt.平均为，均分，使平衡，达到平均水平vi.买进，卖出例What

27、is the average rainfall for August in your country?你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少？同义fair; medium, middle, ordinary, passable, usual反义maximum / 5mAksimEm / n.最大量，最大限度，极大adj.最高的，最多的，最大极限的，minimum / 5minimEm / adj.最小的，最低的n.最小值，最小化派生averagely / 5AvEridVli / adv.平均地，一般地固定搭配law of averages平均律；on (an) average通常；按平均；wide

28、spread / 5waldspredz -5spred / adj.分布广泛的，普遍的例a widespread disease 一种流行病派生widespreader / 5waid5spredE / 撒布装置misery / 5mizEri / n.痛苦,苦恼，悲惨，不幸，穷困例Misery loves company.同病相怜。同义distress反义happiness / 5hApinis / n.幸福, 快乐派生miserable / 5mizErEbl / adj.痛苦的，悲惨的,可怜preceding / pri(:)5si:diN / adj.在前的，前述的例the prec

29、eding night 前一晚同义previous, prior,former派生precede/pri(:)5si:d/v.领先(于)，在之前，先于abundance / E5bQndEns / n.丰富，充裕，丰富充裕例The tree yields an abundance of fruit.这树结果甚多。同义plenty , profusion反义山ck/IAk/n.缺乏，短缺的东西vt.缺乏，没有，需要vi.缺乏，没有派生abundant / E5bQndEnt / adj.丰富的,充裕的,丰富，盛产，富于specialist / 5speFEIIst / n.专门医师，专家例a s

30、pecialist in oncology 一个肿瘤科医生同义expert派生special / 5speFEI / n.特派员，专车，专刊adj.特别的，特殊的，专门的，populace / 5pCpjulEs / n.平民例majority of the populace绝大多数平民百姓establish /is5tAbliF/vt.建立，设立，安置，使定居，使人民接受，确定v.建立例The club has established a new rule allowing women to join.俱乐部制定了一条新规章，允许妇女入会。同义demonstrate , fix , foun

31、d , organize, prove, set, settle, show反义demolish / di5mCliF / vt.毁坏,破坏,推翻,粉碎派生establishment / is5tAbliFmEnt / n,确立，制定，设施，公司，军事组织due/dju:/n.应得物、权力，复应付款adj.应得的，应付的，正当的，预期的，(车、船预定)应到的例Our thanks are due to him.我们要感谢他。同义equitable, fair, fitting just ,propei; rightful,square反义undue / 5Qn5dju: / adj.不适当的固

32、定搭配due to因为：由引起；由于;differ / 5difE / vi.不一致，不同例Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.汉语发音跟日语大不相同。JS5C coincide / 7kEuin5said / vi. 一致，符合派生difference / 5difErEns / n.差异，差别,分歧，争论，数差额,差分adj.数微分的，机差动的固定搭配agree to differ求同存异，彼此保留不同意见；beg to differ恕不苟同：differ from不同于；和不同；和意见不一致；differ in在方

33、面不同；differ with sb.与某人意见不同；stress/stres/n.重压，逼迫，压力，重点，着重，强调，重音vt.着重,强调，重读例I must stress that we havent much time.我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。同义accent, emphasis, force, importance insistence, pressure, strain, tension固定搭配stress out Slang极度受压经历如来自于工作的极端压力：appeal / E5pi:l / n.请求，呼吁,上诉，吸引力,要求vi.求助，诉请，要求vt.控诉例The gov

34、ernment is appealing to everyone to save water.政府呼吁每个人节约用水。同义beg, entreat,implore, plead派生appealing / E5pi:liN / adj.吸引人的，哀诉似的，恳求似的固定搭配appeal to向呼吁请求;obtain / Eb5tein / vt.获得,得到例I havent been able to obtain that book.我还没能得到那本书。同义acquire ,earn ,gain, get .procure, receive ,secure反义lose/lu:z/vt.遗失，浪费，

35、错过，输去，使失去，使迷路，使沉溺于vi,受损失，失败. obtainable / Eb5teInEb（E）l / adj,能得到的，可到手的insurance / in5FuErEns / n.保险，保险单，保险业，保险费例A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.均衡的食谱是防止营养不良的保证。派生insure / in5FuE / vt.给保险v.确保consumption / kEn5sQmpFEn / n.消费，消费量，肺病例The petrol consumption of the big car as very hi

36、gh.这辆大的小汽车耗油量很大。S5C production / prE5dQkFEn / n.生产，产品，作品，（研究）成果派生consume / kEn5sju:m / vt.消耗，消费，消灭，大吃大喝，吸引vi.消灭，毁灭surplus / 5sE:plEs / n.剩余，过剩，会计盈余adj.过剩的，剩余的vt.转让，卖掉例Brazil has a big surplus of coffee.巴西有很多剩余的咖啡。同义additional,excess, extra, leftover; spare, superfluous , supplementary反义deficit/5defi

37、sit/n.赤字，不足额固定搭配operation surplus 营业盈余；overall surplus 总顺差；commodity / kE5mCditi / n.日用品例Air conditioners are one of the many commodities that Japan sells abroad. 空调是日本许多出口商品中的一种。同义article , product, wareimplement / 5implimEnt/n.工具，器具vt.贯彻，实现v.执行例The committees decisions will be implemented immediat

38、ely.委员会的决定将立即执行。同义apparatus, appliance ,bring about, carry out complete, contraption派生implementation / 7implimen5teiFEn / n.执行implementary / 9ImplI mentErl / adj.实施的，执行的fertilizer / 5fE:ti7laizE / n.肥料（尤指化学肥料），动受精媒介物例He was not only a distinguished writer but a fertilizer of other talents.他不仅是个杰出的作家

39、，而且还有使人获益的其它才干。派生fertilize / 5f:tllalz / vt.施肥，使丰饶，使受精，使肥沃，使多产irrigation / 7iri5AeiFEn / n.灌溉,冲洗例bring the farmland under irrigation 使农田水利化irrigate/5iriAeit/vt.灌溉,修水利，冲洗伤口，使潮湿vi.进行灌溉sufficient / sE5fiFEnt / adj,充分的，足够的例Sufficient data have been collected for the building project.为这项建筑工程已经收集了充分的资料。同义

40、adequate, ample ,enough , plenty, satisfactoryJSX insufficient / 7insE5fiFEnt / adj.不足的，不够的 n.不足派生sufficiency / sE5fiFEnsi / n.充足，自满，足量fund / fQnd / n.资金，基金 v.支助，投资ij public welfare fund 公益金同义assets, stock , supply固定搭配in funds手头有钱；有资本；no funds存款不足（银行退回空头支票时用语）；out of funds缺钱；slush fund职工文娱活动的资金；loan

41、 / lEun / n.（借出的）贷款，借出v.借，借给例The bank loaned me some money.银行借给了我一些钱。同义advance ,givez lend反义borrow / 5bCrEu / v.借，借入，借用派生loanable / 5IEunEbl / adj.可借出的ban / bB:n / n.禁令vt.禁止，取缔（书刊等）例Smoking is banned in school.在学校禁止吸烟。同义bar; block .exclude, forbid, obstruct,outlaw, prohibit反义approval / E5pru:vEI / n

42、.赞成,承认，正式批准permission / pE（:）5miFEn / n,许可，允许witness/5witnis/n.律证人，目击者，证据，证明，证词vt.目击，为作证，证明，表明vi.作证，成为证据例His tears witnessed the shame he felt.他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。同义behold, discern, glimpse zobserve zperceive, see , sightprominent / 5prCminEnt/ adj.卓越的，显著的，突出的例A single tree in a field is prominent.田地里一棵孤零零的

43、树是很显眼的。同义celebrated, distinguished, eminent, famous, great .important反义anonymous / E5nCnimEs / adj.匿名的派生prominently / prCmlnEntll / adv.显著地prominence / 5prRmInEns / n.突出，显著，突出物significant / siA5nifikEnt / adj.有意义的，重大的，重要的例a significant speech 意味深长的讲话同义important反义insignificant/7insi人5nif汰Ent/ adj.无关紧

44、要的，可忽略的，无意义的派生significance / siA5nifikEns / n.意义，重要性tighten /5taitEn/v.变紧，绷紧，拉紧例Will you tighten this screw; its very loose.你把这个螺丝拧紧好吗，它太松了。JSJ5L loosen / 5lu:sn / v.解开，放松，松开派生tightening / 5taitniN /上紧，固定，紧密legal / 5li:人日/ adj.法律的，法定的，合法a legal holiday 法定假日同义admissible, authorized, just Jawful反义ille

45、gal / i5li:人日/ adj.违法的，不合规定的派生legality/I i（:）5AAliti / n.合法，墨守陈规，法律上的义务chancellor / 5tFB:nsEIE / n.长官，大臣例the Lord Chancellor 大法官draft/drB:ft/n.草稿，草案，草图vt.起草，为打样，设计v.草拟例draft a bill起草法案同义ail； bill zcall-up zcheck zdrawing enlistment enrollment .induction ,note派生drafting / 5drB:ftiN / 起草固定搭配on draft散装的，直接汲取的从一个大容器中汲取的，如酒桶；committee / kE5miti / n.委员会例Our club has a committee on entertainments.我们俱乐部有一个管理娱乐事宜的委员会。同义council Relegation, group派生committeeman / kE mltlmEn / n.委员protest / prE5test/ n.主张，断言，抗议v.主张，断言抗议，拒付例The people made a protest about the rise in prices.人们对价格上涨提出抗议。同义c