考研英语写作补充讲义.docx

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1、考研英语写作补充讲义汪江涛老师编写说明：本讲义跟面授班发的补充讲义一样，页码也一样1、Introduction：1) General description2) Details 1,2,33) Caption/Symbolic meanings2 Body：1) Topic sentence/Symbolic meanings2) Argument： background, facts, others? opinions, reasons, consequence(1) Cause and effect(2) Classification(3) Definition and explanati

2、on(4) Statistics and facts ： According to the recent survey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of Social Science,.%(per cent).(5) Exemplification:A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).C. This

3、/These case(s) effectively clarify that.(6) Compare and contrast3) Summary3、Conclusion：1) Concluding sentence2) Suggestions 123) Only in this way can we solve this problem.(It is high time that we solved this problem.)、1、2、First(ly), In the first place, To begin with, First and foremost, Above all,

4、On the one hand, For one thing,Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, Whats more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For anotherLast(ly)(The) Last but not (the)least, More importantly, Even worse,3、Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By compariso

5、n/contrast, On the contrary,4、As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking,k 5m,30m,12h,1、2、4、7、14d12345678910上ABCDEFGAHBICJ晚AABBCACDBDECEFDFGEGHFHIGIJ11121314151617181920上DEFGAHBICJDEF晚HJIJ21222324252627282930上GHIJAB31323334353637383940上CDEFGHIJ2、12345

6、678910上ABCDEFGAHBlCJ晚AABBCACDBDECEFDFGEGHFHIGIJ11121314151617181920上DKELFMGNAHOBIPCJQDKRELSFMT晚HJKIKLJLMKMNLNOMOPNPQOQRPRSQST21222324252627282930上GNHOIPJQKRLSMTNAOBP晚RTST31323334353637383940上CQDRESFTGHI.1KL41424344454647484950上MNOPQRST四、1、ACCURACY ： extensive (a wide range of) knowledge, fierce comp

7、etition2、VARIETY：1)(1)1 hold the opinion that, As far as I am concerned,(2) cling to the idea, in my opinion/view, point out,(3) maintain, reckon, assert, hold, claim, emphasize, insist, suppose, assume 2)(1) Due attention has to be paid to, Importance should be attached to,(2) be of great importanc

8、e/significance(3) vital, essential, crucial, significant3) people in growing/expanding/increasing/mounting numbers4) for the purpose of, aim to/at, in a bid to3、DIFFICULTY ： primary/fundamental factors/courses.4、SPLENDOR：1) My eyes were sparkling with delight.2) He flied into a stormy rage.3) I fell

9、 into the abyss of unspeakable pain.4) Such is human nature, that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.五、1、1) I succeed.2) I like Ldy.3) ) LY is smart.4) Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary.5) ) Tulongdao made many people s

10、elfish.2、1) The fact that a great many senior citizens are ill-treated indicates/suggests that this issue is extremely serious.2) What they fail to understand is that respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of Chinese culture.3、We, students from HZ, one of the best universities in Beijing, wh

11、ich is the most beautiful city in China, the greatest country in the world, are singing a pop song named NDYZ sung by LDy, who is my favorite singer, after we played MJ the whole night.八、1、1) Natural disasters claim hundreds of lives every year.2) I do appreciate your efforts.3) Once in front of me,

12、 lay a real chance. Yet,1 did not value it. Not until the moment I lost it, did I realize how regretful I was. If God gave me another opportunity, I would never stop making progress.4) I sat outside in the hall. Everything inside me has gone away. I didnt think. I could not think. I knew she was lea

13、ving me, but I prayed she not.(Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises)2、A culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared.3、environmental protection/awareness4、with due consideration of, take into account/consideration5、1)(1)只有这样下岗工人才能彻底摆脱贫困并且重新获得他们生命中的尊严。(2)总而言之，只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。2)(3)考虑到

14、上述所有论证，政府早就该实行改革把传统教育模式转变为素质教育。(1) Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dignity in life.(2) In conclusion, it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a large/considerable vocabulary.(3) Given all the above arguments, it is high time that t

15、he authorities enforced reforms to convert traditional education strategy into education for all-round development/quality-oriented education.6 As John F. Kennedy put it,“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country/7、1) Just as an old saying goes, t4All work and no

16、 play makes Jack a dull boy.”2) Just as an old saying goes,“God only helps those who help ihemselves.”(天助自助者/自助者天助之！)七、(一)1 Bikes are so popular in China.2 It is incredible to many people. Cigarette smokers spend money for illness.3、I said I have more respect for him than his wife.4、We couldnt decid

17、e upon a new car, there were many attractive models.5、He was knocked down by a bycicle, but it was not serious.6、lb succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed.7 Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.8、It was both a long

18、ceremony and very tedious.9 A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.10 The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the andidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect their health and so the newspapers carry ar

19、ticles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.11、In my opinion, I think the picture is very meaningful.12、The distant explosion was audible to the ear.13、There are four companies in Shanghai, and any of them can supply us with spare parts.14、The bottle that are placed on the s

20、helf contain some chemicals that have been newly discovered.15 Mi*. Li, who is my favorite professor, has received a Distingusihed Teacher Award.1 Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.2、It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness.

21、3、I said I had more respect for him than for his wife.4、We couldnt decide upon a new car, for there were many attractive models.5、He was knocked down by a bycicle, but was not seriously hurt.6 To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.7、Formerly, science was taught by t

22、he textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.8、The ceremony was both long and tedious.9、A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.10、As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year, the andidates spend days and nights preparing for the e

23、ntrance examination, neglecting their health. In view of this, the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.11 In my opinion, the picture is very meaningful./I think the picture is very meaningful.12 The distant explosion was audible.13、Any of the four

24、companies in Shanghai can supply us with spare parts.14 The bottles on the shelf contain some new chemicals.15、Mr. Li, my favorite professor, has received a Distingusihed Teacher Award.八、1、1) increase, grow, rise, expand, ascend, accumulate, surge, swell jump, leap, skyrocket, soarclimb2) go/push up

25、, post/register/manage a moderate/small gain, gain a momentum, continue its upward trend3) increase, growth, rise, expansion, ascendance, accumulation, pickup, gain, jump, leapclimb4) on the ri se/i ncrease/ascendance2、1) decrease, decline, fall, reduce, descend, diminish, dwindle, plunge, plummet,

26、drop, dip, slump, slide, shrink, collapse2) go down, drop/fall off, take a dip, continue its downward trend3) decrease, decline, diminishment, slowdown, crawl, slump, shrinkage, dip, drop, fall4) on the decline3、1) dramatically, sharply, considerably, rapidly, suddenly, greatly, alarmingly, signific

27、antly, enormously, steeply, incredibly, hugely, amazingly, hugely, substantially2) at an alarming rate, by leaps and bounds, in big leaps, by a massive leap, by a wide margin4、1) gradually, steadily, slightly, gently, marginally, slowly, moderately2) in a moderate way, by the least amount5、remain/st

28、ay stable/steady/constant/the same/unchanged6、rise and fall, fluctuate slightly/dramatically, fluctuate bet ween. and., a minor fluctuation. We can see small rises and falls/fluctuations.九、(一)1、1) Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern,2) Dear Mr./Ms. Presidenl/Professor/Manager/E

29、ditor, Dear President (Michael) Wang,2、1) Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor, Dear President (Michael)Wang,2) Dear Michael,(二)1、1)2)(1)1 am a staff member from your company/corporation.(2) I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Lang

30、uage and Literature of Beijing University.3) I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.2、1)2)3)3、1)2)(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.(2) Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.(3) I ta

31、ke this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.3)(1) I am looking forward to your repiy/hearing from you soon.(2) I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.(3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.(三)You

32、rs sincerely, Li Ming十、1.Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city. The city offers a wide choice of jobs for adults and schools for children. It also provides plenty of facilities for culture, entertainment and recreationrestaurants, department stores, cinemas, and so on. Besides, transpo

33、rtation isusually well developed in the city, with a variety of modes of travel, including buses, trams and subways.In the country, on the other hand, one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food, and a more relaxed life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. And, a

34、s for recreation, what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery?Conversely, there are disadvanteges to living in either the city or the country. City air tends to be polluted, and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country, by contrast, the lack o

35、f stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.All in all, I would say that living in the city is best, for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work; after all, one can always spend vacations in the countryand get the bestof both.(198)2.Nowadays there is oft

36、en a lack of understanding between parent and child. As children get older, they become less eager to communicate with their parents, and a so-called generation gap” is formed.There are many causes for this. First of all, parents tend to be conservative and satisfied with what they have, while child

37、ren are always keen to experience something new, and are quick to adopt new fashions and ways of thinking. Parents, because they have a better understanding of the dangers in society, criticize their younsters, behavior and are reluctant to let them have their own way. At the same time, children reg

38、rad their parents as old-fashioned and ignorant of the modern world.To dispel such misunderstanding, I reckon that parents should realize that their their children do not need constant protection so much as help to stand on their own feet as independent young people. Meanwhile, children should recog

39、nize that their parents have a wealth of experience, and appreciate their advice and assistance.(165)3.Today more and more advertisements are appearing on the TV screen. They are not only shown before and after all kind of programsnews, weather forecasts, quiz shows, and so onbuteven interrupt drama

40、s and movies, and annoy the viewers.The factors for this phenomenon are that, to begin with, TV is most efficient and rapid way of disseminating information. As China develops its highly competitive market economy, manufactures and sales people need to inform the general public of the latest commodi

41、ties that are available. Furthermore, TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least, it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of products that they may choose from.Accordingly, advertisements on TV serve three use

42、ful purposes. Nevertheless, the TV stations should avoid showing advertisements which are of poor quality and make sure that advertisements do not appear so frequently that they spoil the viewers, enjoyment of his or her favourite programs.(167)4.As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.

43、 In fact, friends are sometimes more vital and useful to us than our own family members. Our joys are more pleasant when we have a friend to share them; and our sorrows are easier to bear if we have a friend at our side. Indeed, we sometimes find it easier to confide in friends when we have secrets

44、we are reluctant to reveal to even our closest relatives.Unfortunately, not all the people we are accustomed to calling friends are friends in the true sense of the word; most of the people we share social occasions with are merely acquaintances. Real friendship involves sincerity, mutual trust and

45、self-sacrifice, both in moments of happiness and on occasions of crisis. A true friend will not just tell us what we want to hear, but advise us to do what he or she assumes is really best for us in the long run.My principle in making friends is to ignore things like what work they do and what their

46、 social backgrounds are, but, instead, to observe carefully the little things that reveal their characters. Only in this way can I be sure that these friends will never let me down, and that we will always be ready to help each other no matter what problems crop up.(226)5.Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. Without a well-educated population, China will not be able to achieve its planned economic growth, catch up with the developed nations technologically or improve the living standards of its people. Yet, according to rec