2022考研英语真题及答案解析.docx

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1、2022考研英语真题及答案解析2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）Section I Use of English Directions:Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.n But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does 2 short-term changes in t

2、he function of the heart and its blood vessels,3 heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to 4, a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walkingor jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently acco

3、mplishes the7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicatethat laughter_8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of

4、 10 feedback, that improve an individuaFs emotional state. _11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century thathumans do not cry13they are sad but they become sad when the tearsbegin to flow.Although sadness a

5、lso 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotionscan flow _15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)artiHcial smile - or

6、 with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 moreexuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emotions rather than just theother way around _20_ , the physical act o

7、f laughter could improve mood.1. AamongBexceptCdespite Dlike2. AreflectBdemandCindicateDproduce3. AstabilizingBboostingCimpairingDdetermining4. AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5. Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6. AIn turnBIn factCIn additionDIn brief7. AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDe

8、xpected8. AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaxes9. AaggravateBgenerateCmoderateDenhance10. AphysicalBmentalCsubconscious Dinternal11. AExcept for BAccording to CDue toDAs for12. AwithBonCinDat13. AunlessBuntil|CifDbecause14. AexhaustsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses15. AintoBfromCtowards Dbeyond16. AfetchBbi

9、teCpickDhold17. Adisappointed BexcitedCjoyfulDindifferent18. Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）19. Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20. AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Text 1The decision of the New Yo

10、rk Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2022. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. Hooray! At last! wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided

11、classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberfs appointment in the Times, calls him an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.n

12、As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.

13、To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from i

14、Tunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also

15、with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The wide

16、spread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely not

17、ed: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different, more vibrant organization. But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philh

18、armonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.l that Gilberts appointment has Aincurred criticism. Braised suspicion. Creceived acclaim. Daroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert

19、 as an artist who isAinfluential. Bmodest. Crespectable. Dtalented.2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances. Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances. Doverestimate the value of

20、 live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality. BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only coveredmasterpieces.25. Regarding Gilberfs role i

21、n revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels Adoubtful. Benthusiastic. Cconfident. Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and sai

22、d he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company/ Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving with

23、out a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks theNo.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking f

24、or a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recover

25、y begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring le

26、aders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: I cant think of a single searc

27、h Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-base

28、d commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2022 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between

29、jobs or to leave a bad2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)one. The traditional rule was ifs safer to stay where you are, but thafs been fundamentally inverted/ says one headhunter. MThe people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.26 .When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be d

30、escribed as beingAarrogant. Bfrank. Cself-centered. Dimpulsive.27 . According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status. Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards. Dtheir pursuit of new caree

31、r goals.28 .The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of. Battended to. Chunted for . Dguarded against.29.lt can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts. Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care mor

32、e about reputations. DJits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go?BCEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for TopPerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got

33、what you paid for. No longer. While traditional paid media - such as television commercials and print advertisements - still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about pr

34、oducts and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users respons

35、es. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media - for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines with

36、in that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary

37、and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dr

38、amatic technological changes that have provided marketers2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposi

39、te of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally create

40、d them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, al

41、leviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned media whe

42、n they areA obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business enviro

43、nment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer c

44、ompetition. D deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media. B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage ofhijacked media.35. Which of the fo

45、llowing is the text mainly about ?A Alternatives to conventional paid media. B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story, love My Children, I Hate My Li

46、fe, is arousing much chatter - nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: inst

47、ead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment ii2022年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratiflcation and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive -