大学必备句型宝典.docx

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1、疑问句型What is this?结构：问句：What+be动词+this (that)?答句：This (that)+be 动词+a book (pen*)。说明：此句型意为“这(那)是什么？这(那)是书(钢笔)what (什么)叫做“疑问词”，用于询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接be 动词，再接主词，第一个字母w要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。What is this? This is a chair.这是什么？这是一张椅子。Whafs this? Ifs a book.这是什么？它是一本书。What is that? That is a desk.那是什么？那是一张书桌。Wha

2、t are these?结构：问句：What are+these / those*?答句：These / Those are+复数名词(+s/es)。说明：主词与动词的形式要一致，is后面接单数名词,are后面要接复数名词。What are these? These are books.这些是什么？这些是书。What are those? Those are cups.那些是什么？那些是茶杯。What are they? They are glasses.它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。What are you?结构：问句：What+be动词+主词(人)？答句：主词+ be动词+a student。

3、说明：此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生”。疑问词what除了询问事物之外，还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be v动词,随v人称代名词的变化而改变形态，in ： lam, we are, you are, he is。What are you? I am a student.你是做什么事情的？我是一名学生。What is she? She is a teacher.她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。Are you a.?结构：问句：Be动词(am, are, is)+主词+？肯定简答：Yes,主词+am (are, is)。否定简答：No,主词+am (are, is) noto说明：在否

4、定简答句中，V主词,和am, is, are可以缩写；在肯定简答句中则不可。Is he a student? Yes, he is.(No, he isnt.)他是学生吗？是的，他是。(不，他不是。)Are you a teacher? Yes, I am.(No, Tm not.)你是教师吗？是的，我是。(不，我不是。)Is that a clock? Yes, it is.(No, it isn,t.)那是钟表吗?是的,它是。(不，它不是。)What is your name?结构：问句：What+is+所有格+name?答句：所有格+ name+is+名字。说明：“my, your, h

5、is, her”为单数人称的所有格；所有格后面必接名词，即“所有格+v名词”；所有格,不可与a, an, this, that, these或those紧接一起使用。What is your name? My name is Sue.妨:叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。What is his name? His name is John.他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。What is her name? Her name is Jean.她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。Who is that.?结构：问句：Who+be动词+that+形容词+名词？答句：That is +名字。说明：Who是疑问代名词，询

6、问人的“姓名”或“关系”；将形容词直接放在v名词前面，叫做“前位修饰二Who is that short boy? That is Bill.那位矮男孩是谁？那位是比尔。Who is that tall girl? That is Mary.那位高女孩是谁？那位是玛丽。Who is that fat man? He is my uncle.那位胖男子是谁？那位是我叔叔。Where is .?结构：问句：Where+be动词(am, are, is)+主词？答句：主词+be动词+ in the+名词。说明：问句是“Where？”，简答时可用v副词词组“In / On the+v名词Where i

7、s Sue? She is in her room.苏在那里？她在她的房间里。Where are your books? On the desk.你的书在那里？在书桌上。Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen.你妈吗在哪里？她在厨房里。Are you V-ing .?结构：Am (Are, Is)+主词+现在分词？说明：此句型意为“主词(人，物)正在吗？:这一v句型,转换的三要素是：be v动词,移到句首；改为大写；句尾用问号。Is Mary sleeping?玛丽正在睡觉吗？Are you reading a book?你正在看书吗？Is th

8、e dog playing?小狗正在玩耍吗？What are you doing?结构：问句：What+am (are, is)+主词+现在分词？答句：主词+am (are, is)+现在分词。说明：“V主词(人)正在做什么？ v主词,(人)正在”。注意：祈使句的动词只能用原形，不可造现在进行式；表示“瞬间产生”的动作的v动词词组，如sit down, stand up,不可造现在进行式What am I doing? You are reading a book.我正在做什么？你正在阅读一本书。What are the girls doing? They are singing.姑娘们正在做

9、什么？她们在唱歌。What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter.比尔在写什么？他在写一封信。How old are you?结构：问句：How old+be动词+主词(某人)？答句：主词(某人)+be动词+year(s) old。说明：此句型意为“某人几岁？某人是岁二该句型中，疑问词,要用how,不可用what；且beV动词(am, is, are)要和后面的V主词,(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s)oki”可以省略。How old are you? I am twelve (years old).你几岁？我十二岁。How old is your

10、 sister? She is thirteen years old.你的姊妹儿岁？她十三岁。How old is John? He is one year old.约翰儿岁？他一岁。What time is it?结构:问句:What time is it?答句：Itis+数字+oclock。说明：此句型意为“现在是几点钟？现在是点钟:问句中what当v形容词,，修饰后面的v名词 time； time当时间解时，只能用单数，不可用复数。What time is it? It is ten olock.现在是几点钟？现在是十点钟。What time is it? It is six olock

11、.现在是几点钟？现在是六点钟。What time is it? It is nine oclock.现在是儿点钟？现在是九点钟。Do you + V .?结构：问句：Do / Does+主词+原形动词？肯定简答：Yes,主词+do/does。否定简答：No,主词+dont / doesnt。说明：肯定句中，如有一般v动词（speak, work, teach），则在句首加v助动词do或does,并将一般动词改为原形v动词（不加s或es）,即构成疑问句。Do you speak English? Yes, I do.（No, I dont.）你讲英语吗？是的，我讲英语。（不，我不讲英语。）Doe

12、s she have a cat? Yes, she does.（No, she doesnt.）她有一只猫吗？是的，她有一只猫。（不，她没有一只猫。）Do they work in office? Yes, they do.（No, they dont.）他们在办公室里工作吗？是的，他们在办公室里工作。（不，他们不在办公室里工作。）What time do you + V .?结构：问句：What time+do / does+主词+原形动词？答句：主词（某人）+一般动词+时间。说明：此句型意为“某人儿点做某事？助动词do或does的选择依V主词而定，若v主词,为第三人称单数，用does；其

13、它用dooWhat time do you get up? I usually get up at six.你儿点起床？我通常六点起床。What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝？他通常十点就寝。What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.你的课几点开始？八点十分开始。What day is today?结构:问句:What day is today?答句：It9s+Sunday / Monday /。说明：此句型意为“今天是星期几？今天是星

14、期日/星期一/Jit可用于指“星期的名称”，但this 或that不可以；一星期七天的名称，都是V专有名词，开头的首字母要大写，前面不加冠词What day is today? Its Sunday.今天是星期几？今天是星期日。What day is today? It Wednesday.今天是星期儿？今天是星期三。What day is today? It Saturday.今天是星期几？今天是星期六。How many N are there .结构：问句：How many+复数名词+are there in / on +名词？答句：There is / are+单数（复数）名词+in/o

15、n+名词。说明：此句型意为“在某处有多少？在某处有J该句型中，many修饰复数名词,；又因本句型是疑问句，故用are there,不可用there areoHow many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.一年有儿个季节？一年有四季。How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.一星期有儿天？一星期有七天。How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve

16、 lessons in this book.这本书里有几课？这本书里有十二课。How many . do you have?结构：问句：How many+复数名词+do / does +主词+have?答句：主词+have / has+复数名词+。答句：主词+dont/ doesnt have-I复数名词。说明：How many”后面接复数v可数名词，复数v名词的前面可用many, a lot of, a few, some, few, any, no 等修饰。How many books do you have? I have a lot of books.(I dont have any

17、books.)你有几本书？我有许多书。(我没有书。)How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters.(I dont have any sweaters.)你有几件毛衣？我有三件毛衣。(我没有毛衣。)How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends.(She doesnt have many friends.)她有几个朋友？她有许多朋友。(她没有许多朋友。)How much . do you have?结构：问句：How much +单数不可数名词+do / does +主词

18、+have?答句：主词+have / has+单数不可数名词。答句：主词+dorft / doesnt haveF单数不可数名词。说明：“How much”后面接单数不可数名词，单数V不可数名词,前面可用much, a little, some, little, any, no 等修饰。How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea.(He doesnt have any tea.)他有多少茶？他有很多茶。(他没有茶。)How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework.(They

19、 dont have much homework.)他们有多少家庭作业？他们有许多家庭作业。(他们没有许多家庭作业。)How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit.(They dont have a lot of fruit.)他们有多少水果？他们有许多水果。(他们没有许多水果。)How much do(es). cost?结构:How much do (es)+某物+cost?说明：此句型意为“某物值多少钱？:how much用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“How much + be v动词+某物？ HoHow much doe

20、s this computer cost?(=How much is this computer?)这部计算机值多少钱？How much do the vegetables cost?这些蔬菜值多少钱？How much do the movie tickets cost?这些电影票值多少钱？Did . V.结构：Did+主词+原形动词+过去时间？说明：将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did+原形V动词”，粕 Did放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的v疑问句。Did he clean the room yesterday?他昨天打扫房间吗？Did she wash the skirt yesterda

21、y?她昨天洗这裙子吗？Did your brother play in the park this morning?你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗？Did he eat lunch yesterday?他昨天吃午饭吗？Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week?上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗？Did Sue have her breakfast at eight?苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？Do you ever + V .?结构：问句：Do / Does+主词+ever+原形动词？答句：No,主词+ never+一般动词(加s或es)。说明：ever

22、通常用于疑问句, 形成否定祈使句，如例句4。never通常用于否定回答；never也可放在句首，后接原形动词,Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.你曾经使用计算机吗？不，我未曾使用过计算机。Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。Never be l

23、ate for school, Bill.比尔，上学绝不可迟到。What year was he born in?结构：What date / year+was / were+主词+born+on / in?说明：此句型意为“你出生于儿月儿日（那一年）？:born是原形动词bear的过去分词，在文法上当形容词，前面常有was或were；中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人+ was / were born*v oWhat year were you bom in?你出生于那一年？What date was your mother bom on?你母亲出生于儿月儿日？What month was

24、 your sister born in?你妹妹出生于几月？What will you do on .?结构：What will / did+主词+do+on +时间？说明：此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么？（未来式）某人在某时做了什么事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词on。What will you do on Teachers Day?你在教师节将做什么事？What will they do on Christmas Eve?他们在圣诞夜将做什么事？What will Helen do on her birthday?海伦在她生日那

25、天将做什么事？What did John do on New Years Day?约翰在元旦做了什么事？What did Mary do on Youth Day?玛丽在青年节做了什么事？What did the suspect do on July ninth?嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？How do you + V .?结构：问句：How+do +主词+一般动词？答句：主词+一般动词+情状副词。说明：How是问情况的v疑问副词，表示“怎样？:用于说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为v 情状副词。当用来修饰v不及物动词,时，情状副词位于其后；当用来修饰及物动词时，情状动词位于及物动词的前面或后面

26、。How did you do your work? I did my work happily.你怎样做你的工作？我很快乐地做了我的工作。How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.林太太怎样注视林先生？她冷漠地注视林先生。How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.王先生怎样驾驶他的出租车？他小心地驾驶他的出租车。You are arent you?结构：肯定句，+否定式助动词+主词？说明：这是一种反意疑问句,，其结构特点是：第

27、一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的V主词是名词时，附加问句的v主词,要用代名词代替：it代替this, that, v不定词（当主词）或动名词（当主词）等；they代替these, those, people等。下列助动词的否定缩写式较易弄错：will not-won,t； would not wouldnt； should notshouldn,t； can notcant； could not -wouldnt； might notmightn,t； ought notoughtnt0直述句有一般v动词,现在式，则附加问句用do或does代替；有一般v动词,过去式，则附加问句用d

28、id代替。They7e ready, aren they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？ Mike has a car, doesn he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？ The secretary typed the letter, didnt she?是秘书打了这封信，不是吗？They will go to Europe, won they?他们将去欧洲，不是吗？You are the teacher, arent you?你就是老师，不是吗？I suppose you have been in our woods, havent y

29、ou?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？I know he had a good time last night, didnt he?我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？The wall plug is broken, isnt it?墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？Clean parks are beautiful, arent they?干净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？You can do it, cant you?你会做它，不是吗？We should rise early, shouldnt we?我们应该早起，不是吗？He isnt.is he?结构：否定句，+肯定式助动词+主词？说明：这是另一

30、种反意疑问句。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意疑问句的回答和对否定式一般疑问句,一样，要看答句。He isnt a manager, is he?- Yes, he is.（No, he isnt.）他不是经理，是吧？一一不，他是经理。（是的，他不是经理。）Mike doesnt have a car, does he?麦克没有车，是吗？The secretary didnt type the letter, did she?秘书没有打过这封信，是吗？They wont go to Europe, will they?他们不会去欧洲，是吗？You arent the teac

31、her, are you?你不是老师，是吗？I dont think he can answer the question, can he?我想他无法回答这个问题，是吗？What in the world .?结构:疑问词+ in the world / on earth / ever+其它说明：此句型意为“究竟？到底？”。这是特殊v疑问句的强调说法。in the world, on earth和ever 是强调疑问词的词组How in the world will he do it?他到底将如何做这件事？What in the world do you mean?你的意思究竟是什么？How

32、on earth did you know it?你到底是怎么知道的？Who on earth told you that?那件事究竟是谁告诉你的？Where ever did you lose it?你到底在哪儿丢的呀？What in the world are they hoping for?他们到底想要什么？Are you . or .?结构：一般疑问句（读升调）+or+一般疑问句（读降调）说明：此句型意为“是还是？这是选择疑问句，前面都是一般疑问句,，后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。Shall we come to see you or will you come to s

33、ee us?是我们来找你们，还是你们来找我们？Are you from the America or from the England?您是美国人还是英国人？Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday?他是星期一走还是星期二走？Would you like coffee or tea?你是要咖啡还是茶？What ，+ A or B?结构：特殊疑问句（读降调），+A （读升调）orB （读降调）说明：这种选择疑问句使用得相当广泛，其特点是：前面的特殊疑问句,已经明确地指出了要问的内容，再补充儿项具体事物让对方做出肯定的答复。其语调是“降-升一降”调。What would

34、 you like coffee or tea?你要什么？咖啡还是茶？Which would you rather to buy silk or cotton?您想买什么?丝还是棉？Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing?您去了哪里？天津还是北京？When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?你何时去交易会？明天还是另找哪一天？. what/which .结构：主要子句+疑问词（what / how / which / why等）+子句说明：这是间接v疑问句疑问词后面的语句采用正常

35、词序，不采用特殊疑问句,所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点，但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时，原先的疑问句,要改为肯定句或V否定句的顺序；助动词如will, should, would, must, may, can等，须照抄，不可去掉；助动词如do, does, did,必须去掉，再将它后面的原形V动词改为适当的形式。rd like to know how old the manager is.我想知道经理有多大年纪。He inquired how it was done.他问这事做得怎么样了。Please advise me which item I should buy.请

36、问我该先买哪个品种。Tell me why it is so important?告诉我为什么此事这么重要？They do not know what the words mean.他们不知道这些字的意思是什么。Tell me what happened yesterday.告诉我昨天所发生的事。What they talked about is what we want to know.他们谈论什么是我们所想要知道的事。She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.她每晚洗头发，而且量量看一星期

37、长多少。You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。. whether/if.结构：主要子句+ whether / if+子句说明：此句型意为“是否二口语中使用if较为普遍。如果子句中带有or not等词，则只能用 whether；另外,whether不能引导否定的间接V疑问句,而if则可以。He asked me the question whether the price was too high.他问我价格是否太高。They asked him whether the qual

38、ity is fine or not.他们问他质量是否好。Tell me whether you like this color.告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。Tell me if it doesnt rain.告诉我是否下不了雨。Ask him if it is true.问他那是不是真的。I wonder if he is in the school.我想知道他是否在学校。Do you know if/where .结构：一般疑问句+疑问词（what/ where / when等）+子句说明：此句为双重疑问句疑问词后面采用正常词序，不用倒装词序。Can you tell me where th

39、e teacher has gone?你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗？Have you any idea where he comes from?他是哪里人，您知道不知道？Do you know if they like this new item?你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种？Do you know who wants to go with me?你知道谁想跟我起去吗？Do you know when the train will leave?你知道火车何时开吗？Can you tell me how much you earn a month?你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗？He is is he

40、?结构：肯定式陈述句+肯定式反问句说明：这种疑问v句型的前后一致，都是肯定式结构。后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容，是不需要回答的一种修辞方式。We are old friends, not strangers, right?我们是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是吗？Hes a capable businessman, is he?他是一位很有能力的业务员，可不是吗？So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you?原来你是来进口中国纺织品的，是么？So youe been to Shanghai, have you?原来你去过上海，是吧？. what.?结

41、构：疑问词（在句中任何位置上）说明：疑问词不是位于句子开头，而是在句子中任何位置上，这种方法十分简单，因此在口语中经常出现。Two times what number makes ten?什么数的两倍是十？You will go where?你要到明E里去？You are twenty-what his year?你今年二十几岁？Hes your who?他是你什么人？What/How about + N/V-ing?结构：What/Howabout+名词/动名词？说明：此句型意为“如何？这是征求对方意见或提议的委婉说法。What about the name Smith?史密斯这个名字怎么样

42、？What about going to a movie?去看场电影如何？What about lending me some money?借点钱给我如何？What about washing the car on Sunday?礼拜天洗车怎么样？How about the others?剩余的怎么样？How about a drink?来一杯吧？How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop?去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧？What if.?结构：Whatif+主词+动词说明：此句型意为“如果的话怎么办呢？:但经常用于反语，有时也变成“即使也没关

43、系”之意。What if it is true?如果这是真的又该如何呢？What if he doesnt agree?如果他不同意该怎么办呢？What if he comes back now?如果他现在回来怎么办？What if the boys parents should die?如果那男孩的父母死了该怎么办呢？What ifl fail!即使我失败了又怎样！What. for?结构：What+助动词+主词+动词+for?说明：此句型意为“为什么？:相当于Forwhat-?”What are you running for?你为什么在跑步？What do you want it for

44、?你为什么要那个？What did they go there for?他们为什么去那里？How else .?结构：How else+助动词+主词+助动词？说明：此句型意为“还有别的方法吗？How else should a father in this modem world express his affection and concern for his own son?现代这个世界上，父亲还应该有别的方法来对自己的儿子表示爱护和关心吗？How else can the doctor save him?医院还有别的方法可以救他吗？How else can I apologize for

45、 her?我还能有别的方法可以向她道歉吗？假设法句型If + Present Tense S + will/shall + V .结构：If+现在式，S +未来式说明：if子句用现在式，表示须具备的条件，主句用未来式表示可能的结果，整句含意为“如果,那么二will用于所有的人称，在I和we之后可用shall代替will。若主句的主词为I或we时,可以用shall代替wilL像if necessary （如果需要）,if possible （如果可能）,if so （如果这样）等固定词组实际上是省略了的if子句。If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad.如

46、果我失业了，我就出国。If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin.如果我头痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。If it rains, we will stay at home.如果下雨，我们将待在家里。If the weather clears, well go for a walk.如果天晴，我们就去散步。If the weather doesnt clear, we wont go for a walk.如果天不晴，我们就不去散步。Inflation may be rising, if （it is） so, prices will go up.通货膨胀率可能上升。如果是这样，物价就会上涨。If possible, She wants to go with us.可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。Sterling may fall, if （this should be） so, interest rates will rise.英国货币可能贬值，如果果真如此，利率就会上升。If + Present Tense