考研英语(二)真题及答案.docx

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1、2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷Section lllse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Millionsof Americansand foreignerssee Gl. Joe as a mindlesswar toy,thesymbolthat sneed tobe.To themen andadventurism,b

2、utof Americannot how itmilitaryWar Hand thepeople they2 man grownwomen who 1 in Worldliberated,the Gl was theinto hero, the poor farm kidtorn away from hishome, the guywho 3 allthe burdenswho sleptincoldfoxholes,who went withoutthe 4 offood and shelter,of battles,who stuck it out and drove back the

3、Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteersoldier, notsomeone wellpaid,5 an average guy up 6 the best trained,best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies in centuries.His name isnt much.GI. is just a military abbreviation7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And J

4、oe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac?a workingclass name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice- president or secretary of stateJoe.GL Joe had a 11 careerfightingGerman, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appearsas a character or a 12 of Ame

5、rican personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story ofGl. Joe, based on the lastdays ofwar correspondentEmie Pyle.Someofthe soldiersPoly 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were“ Willi

6、e” cartoonsreports 16 theliberated.15 or what towns were captured orHisMaulden.Bothmen 17 theand Stripesof famed StarsartistdirtBilland exhaustionof war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.19 Egypt, France, and

7、a dozenmore countries,Gl. Joe was Americansoldiers,20 themost importantperson in their lives.1 .AperformedBservedCrebelledDbetrayed1/202 .AactualBcommon CspecialD normal3 .AboreBcausedCremovedD loaded4 .AnecessitiesBfacilitiesCcommoditiesD properties5.AandBnorCbutDhence6.AforBintoCfromDagainst7.Amea

8、ningBimplyingCsymbolizingDclaiming8 .Ahanded outBturned overCbrought backDpassed down9 .ApushedBgotCmade Dmanaged1O.AeverBneverCeitherDneither11 .AdisguisedBdisturbedCdisputedDdistinguished12 .AcompanyBcollection CcommunityDcolony13.AemployedBappointedCinterviewedDquestioned14.AethicalBmilitaryCpoli

9、ticalDhuman15 .A ruinedB commutedC patrolledD gained16 .AparalleledB counteractedC duplicatedD contradicted17 .A neglectedB avoidedCemphasizedD admired18 .A stagesBillusionsC fragmentsD advances19 .A With B ToC AmongD Beyond20 .A on the contraryB by this meansC from the outsetD at thatpoint2/20Secti

10、on II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recentlyyears it has been p

11、articularlyscorned. School districtsacross thecountry, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced aninflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may nolonger count

12、for more than 10% of a students academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverishedor chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear andcontradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannotcomplete on t

13、heir own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. Butif the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do theirhomework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to theimplication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administr

14、ators say that homework will still be a part of schooling o teachers are allowedto assign as much of it as they want. But with homework countingfor no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homeworkand see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might

15、do well onstate tests without completing their homework, but what about the students whoperformed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that thehomework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best fortheir students, the policy imposes a flat, across-t

16、he-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions abouthomework. If the districtfinds homework to be unimportant to its students academicachievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them3/20 count for almost nothing. Conversely, i

17、f should account for a significant portion ofthe grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homeworkstudents receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are notassigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules sho

18、uld be put on hold while the shoolboard, whichis responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conductspublic hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework,A is receiving more criticismBis no longer

19、an educational ritualCis not required for advanced coursesDis gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly becausepoor students.A tend to have moderate expectations for theireducation Bhave asked for a different educationalstandard Cmay have problems finishing thei

20、r homeworkDhave voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3one problem with the policy is that it may.Adiscourage students from doing homework Bresult in students indifference to their report cardsCundermine the authority of state tests4/20Drestrict teachers power in education

21、24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4 a key question unanswered about homework is.A it should be eliminatedB it counts much in schoolingC it places extra burdens on teachersD it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be.A wrong Interpretations of an Educational PolicyB A Welcomed

22、Policy for Poor StudentsC Thorny Questions about HomeworkD A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Prettyin pink: adultwomen do not remember being so obsessed with thecolour, yetit isin ouryoung girlsit is notthatpink pervasivelives.is intrinsically girlhoodbad,but itissucha tinysliceoftherainbowand,thou

23、ghit may celebrateand firmly fusesgirls repeatedlyitalsoidentitytoappearance. Thenin one way,it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not onlyinnocentbutas evidenceof innocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedat thesingularlack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Gi

24、rls attractiontopinkmay seem unavoidable.somehow encodedintheirDNA, but according to Jo Paoletti,an associateprofessoritof AmericanStudiesJsnot. inthecolour-codedwere notat all until20th century,the earlyerabeforeChildren domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since t

25、he only way of gettingclothesclean was to boil them. Whats more,bothboys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were5/20 introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastelversionBlue, with its intimationsof the Virginof red, which

26、 was associated with strength.Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children, s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seeminherently attractive to girls, part

27、 of what defined them as female, at least forthe first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception ofwhat is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts

28、developeds behavior: wrong. Turns out, according toafter years of research into childrenDaniel Cook, a historianof childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publicationscounseled departmentstoresthat,inorder to increasesales, create a

29、 “third stepping stone “ betweenkids and olderwearthey shouldinfantutoddler became a common shoppers term that itclothes. It was only aftera broadlyaccepted developmentalintoSplittingkids,or adults,stage.evolved intoever-tinier categorieshas proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of theeas

30、iest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences-or invent themwhere they did not previously exist.1. .By saying uitis ? the rainbow ”(Line3, Para.1), the authormeans pink.Ashould not be the sole representation of girlhoodBshould not be associated with girls innocenceCcannot explain gi

31、rls lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls lives and interests27. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colours are encoded in girls DNA.B Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.6/20C Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D White is pre

32、ferred by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of childrenspsychological development was much influenced by.Athe marketing of products for childrenBthe observation of childrens natureCresearches into childrens behaviourDstudies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from paragraph 4

33、that department stores were advised to.Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothesBattach equal importance to different gendersCclassify consumers into smaller groupsDcreate some common shoppers terms30. It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be.Aclearly explained by their inbor

34、n tendencyBfully understood by clothing manufacturersCmainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenDwell interpreted by psychological expertsText 37/20 ln2010, a federal judge shook Americas biotechindustry to its core. Companieshad won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some20% of human gen

35、es werepatented .But in March 2012 a judge ruledthat genes were unpatentable.Executiveswere violently agitated. The Biotechnology IndustryOrganisation (BIO), a tradegroup, assured members that this was just a upreliminarystep ” in a longerbattleOn July 29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A

36、federal appealscourt decision, overturned the prior ruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patents a womans riskof breast cancer .The chiefto two genes that help forecast executiveof Mytiad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patientsalike.But as companies continue

37、 their attempts at personalised medicine, the courtsCritics makerather busy. The Myriad case itselfis probablynot over.w川 remainso it maythreemain argumentsagainstgene patents:ofnature,a gene is a productogeneo andpatentsinnovationrathernot be patentedthan reward itpatentssuppressmonopolies restrict

38、 access to genetic tests such as Myriads A growing number seemto agree.Lastyear a federaltask-forceurged reform forpatentsrelatedtogeneticInOctober theDepartmentof Justicea briefinfiledtheMyriadtests.case,arguing of nature ?than isa productfibresDNAmoleculethatan isolatedno lessare cotton “that have

39、 been separated from cotton seeds.Despite the appeals court, s decision, big questions remain unanswered. Forexample, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individualgenes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however,

40、other suits may have an even greaterimpact.Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for humanDNA molecules-most are unlikelypatented or in the public domain. Firms are now studyinghow genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease orpre diet a d

41、rug s efficacy.Companies are eager to win patents for “connectingthedots,“ explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by theMayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court w川 hear in its next term.The BIO recentlyheld a conventionwhich inc

42、luded sessions to coach lawyer on theshiftinglandscapefor patents. Each meeting was packed.8/2031. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like.A their executives to be activeB judges to rule out gene patentingC genes to be patentableD the BIO to issue a warning32. Those

43、who are against gene patents believe that,A genetic tests are not reliableB only man-made products are patentableC patants on genes depend much on innovationD courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for.A establishing disease corr

44、elationsB discovering gene interactionsC drawing pictures of genesD identifying human DNA34. By saying “Each meeting was packed ”(Line 4,Para.6), the author meansthat.A the supreme court was authoritativeB the BIO was a powerful organisation9/20C gene patenting was a great concernD lawyers were keen

45、 to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author s attitudetoward gene patentingis.A criticalB supportiveC scornfulD objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessnessis probablybeginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character ofa g

46、eneration of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this nationaleconomic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, hadimproved th

47、em in some ways: they had become less materialisticand more financiallyprudent 。 they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects,perhaps the recession w川 leave societybetter off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessaryend to an era of reckless personal spending.Thein and far uncertain,off. Bu