2015年中考英语专题复习：定语从句.doc

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1、中考英语专项复习定语从句【定语从句命题】根据对定语从句部分中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法【考点诠释】一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句1通常只能用that的情况1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，the onlythe verythe last

2、等修饰时。3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。【考例】Without friendship, one cant be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days _ I spent with my dearest friend. 哈尔滨市A. that B. when C. who2通常只用which的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which，不用that。(3)如果句中有两个定语从

3、句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。【考例】Many young people love the songs _have great lyrics. 成都市A. who B. those C. which二、考查以who，whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。who而不用which。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who

4、，作宾语用whom，who。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose，它相当于the+名词+of +whichwhom；非限制性定语从句中还有 “代词数词+of +whichwhom结构。【考例The man _ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. 广东省A. who B. whose C. which D. whom-Do you know the man _is running along the street?-Yes. He is our English teacher. 长沙市A. who

5、B. which C. whom三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which，其中where=inat +which；when=atinduring +which；why=for +which。(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。（2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。【考例】 (绵阳中考)Disney is an amusemen

6、t park you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and charactersAwhich Bwhere Cthat D when五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom，且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。【考例】Do you know the young lady _

7、your mother is talking? (湖北黄石)A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which【语法回顾】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词(when, where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that， who，whom(只做宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl whot

8、hat is standing under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?that，which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因She got a computer whichthat her parents bought for her她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。whose定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。The classroom whose window is open is mine窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。when状语时间I still remember t

9、he day when you leave for Beijing我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works这就是我妈妈工作的学校。why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：1that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)The girl that

10、has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）2which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语）The fish which we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)3who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom. （主语）The person to whom he is talkin

11、g is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)4whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情况：1在介词后只用which，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。2先行词本身是that时，只能用whic

12、h，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的情况：1先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。2先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶。3. 先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many

13、, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用that。Here are all the books that I have.这就是我所有的书。This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。4先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。5先行词同时含

14、有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6先行词是the one时，只能用that。This is the one that you want.这就是你想要的。7在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。The girl to whom I talked just

15、now is from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要

16、加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用：1when指时间：I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。2where指地点(where=in等介词w

17、hich)：This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.这是他去年住的房子。九、定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换：She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在车上的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my

18、sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。【中考真题】1.【长沙】What are you looking for? Im looking for the watch _ I bought yesterday. AwhichBwhoCwhose2.【本溪】

19、 Dont throw away pens and erasers _ you havent used up. A. where B. which C. who D. what3.【鞍山】 I cant find the book _my mother bought me.A. who B. when C. which D. what4.【遂宁】Most of my friends like loud music they can dance to. Athat Bwhat Cwhen5. 【吉林】Do you know the little boy _ is helping the old

20、man cross the road? No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C. whom6.【成都】- What kind of music do you like? - I like music _ I dance to. A. that B. where C. who 7.【营口】 - Do you know the old man is talking to our head teacher? - Yes, hes my grandfather. A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which8.【达州】 Do you know

21、the girl _ is standing _ the tree? Yes, she is my friend, Zhang Ying. A. that, in the front of B. whom , under C. who, in front of D. which, behind9.【莆田】一We are proud of Mo Yan 一YesHe is a great writerwon the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012 Awhich Bwho Cwhat10. 【柳州】Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous

22、 company, for_life was once very hard.A. whose B. which C. whom11.【山西】Its bad for health to hurry to move into a house_ has new furniture in it.A. who B. where C. that12.【茂名】The first thing_ I am going to do this evening is to write to my father. A. that B. which C. who13.【大庆】 The H7N9 bird flu is a

23、 disease _can be very dangerous.A. / B. who C. what D. which14.【德州】Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_ his family lived ten years ago.A. when B. which D. where D. that 15.【河南】 A friend is someone_ says, What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”A. who B. which C. what D. whose16.【玉林】一Linda, cm

24、 you tell me something about Mo Yan?Sure. He is the writer _won the Nobel(诺贝尔) Literature Prize.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. whom17.【白银】A Wechat (微信) is an invention _ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely. A. which B. who C. whose D /18. 【安徽】I still remember the colleg

25、e and the teachers_I visited in London years ago. A. what B. who C. that D. which 19【德州】 Most of my friends like loud music they can dance to. A. that B. what C. when20.【梅州】 I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makes me _. A. which; to laugh B. that; to laugh C. whose; laughing D. which; laug

26、h 21.【宜宾】What kind of music do you like? I like music _ I can dance to. A. because B. when C. who D. that 22.【湛江】 Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.Oh? Shes my aunt. A. what B. who C. where D. when23.【滨州】 Most students like the teachers understand them well. A. which B. who C. where D. when24.

27、【枣庄】 Most of my classmates prefer loud music _they can dance to. A. that B. who C. whose D. where25.【杭州】 Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. whoB. whatC. thatD. whom26. 【内江】 People are talking about the old houses _ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago. A. which B. where

28、C. who D. when27.【福州】 Do you know Mo Yan? Of course. He is the famous writer _ won the Nobel Prize in 2012. A. who B. whom C. Which28. 【咸宁】 A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school. A. which; when B. that; who C. which; whose D. that; which29.【随州】 Do you know the

29、 man _ is standing at the door? Yes, I do. Hes a friend of_.A. when; I B. who; mineC. that; me D. which; my30.【荆州】 She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .Awho Bthat Cwhich D. whose31.【齐齐哈尔】Ill remember the old buildings I visited in the village. A. where B. which C.

30、 who32.【天津】 The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic. A. that B. what C. whose D. Who33.【哈尔滨】 Do you know of Guo Mingyi? Yes. He is an ordinary(普通的)worker _ helps many poor children in China. A. that B. which C. whom34.【衡阳】I love the school I have studied in for three years A. where B. when C. th

31、at35.【十堰】 The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what36.【孝感】 Teenagers like reading the books _ are written by Guo Jingjing. A. who B. what C. whose D. that37.【山西】Its bad for health to hurry to move into a house _ has new furniture in it. A. who B. where C.

32、that 38.【潍坊】 The man_is talking to our teacher is Bettys father.A. which B. whom C. who D. what39.【呼和浩特】 The house_ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. A. which B. that C. in which D. there 40.【鞍山】 I cant find the book _my mother bought me.A. who B. when C. which41.【株洲】 The Gay Genius is the book I

33、 like to read every day. A. that B. who C. what42.【长沙】 What are you looking for? Im looking for the watch _ I bought yesterday. A. whichB. whoC. whose43.【泉州】 Why is Tom so sad? He has lost his new bike _cost him 1800 yuan.A. who B. which C. whose44.【泰安】 Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_ has ever traveled in space. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose