人教版必英语知识点复习资料.docx

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1、必修五英语复习费科各单元知识要点（简洁扼要，供同学们宏观把握必修五）词汇短语（以列表形式给出）测试题（带答案和解析）语法专题（深入细致讲解必修5出现的语法点，供同学们做题后有选择性地查阅）1.过去分词作噩和噩（详见后面的语法专题）一、各单元知识要点:Unit 1 Great scientists例如：So many thousands of terrif ied people died every time there was an outbreak.2.描述人物How will I recognize you?How will I know you?What special features

2、 do you have?What will you wear?But he became ins Di red when he thought about helping ordinary people.What do you look like?You can recognize me because,Im tall/short, fat/thin, young/old withI have a large/small, brown/green/black eyes with*Unit 2 The United Kingdom1 .过去分词作丽补足语I （详见后面的语法专题）例如：You

3、find most of the population settled in the south.He had them killed while they were asleep.2 .语言交际中理解有困难时，请求别人重述的几种表达Excuse me. Fm afraid I cant follow you. What did you mean by ,?Can you speak more slowly, please?I didnt understandI beg your pardon? Pardon?Im sorry, but could you repeat that?3 .空间的

4、描述,was linked to*A and B were joined to / connected,Ais divided into-Unit 3 Life in the future1 .过去分词作肽圄和庭圄（详见后面的语法专题）例如： Worried aboui ihc ioumey, I was unsettled for the first few days.There is nothing Dlaened on the timetable today.2 .有关预测和猜测的表达Do you suppose that？ Suppose that-*?Do you imagine t

5、hat?Is it likely / unlikely that？I wonder ifI imagine that*It is possible thatIm sure*Most likely,Probably,Perhaps /Maybe /Possibly,Unit 4 Making the news1 .倒装(详见后面的语法专题)例如： Never will Zhou Yan forget his assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.Nol only am I interested in photography

6、, but,OOv if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge.Here comes my list of dos and donts2.语言交际中，“约会”的表达AShall we make an appointment?When are you free?Is it possible to？Where is the best place?What

7、 if-?When do you think is convenient for you?How/What about？Which day would suit you best?Where would you like to meet?What time would be most convenient?Please, can you tell me？BI shall be busy atandbut I can be free at* Maybe we can meet alPerhaps we couldI would like to arrangeI suggest that we m

8、eetI may be able to see you at,e, That wiH/wont be convenient because,I can/cant do that becauseI look forward to seeing you.Unit 5 First aid2 .省略(详见后面的语法专题)(列如： Burns are called first (degree burns), second (degree burns) or third degree bums.If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the h

9、eart, if (it is) possible.3 .语言交际：“指示”的表达Watch out for*Look out forandMake sure that,Now listen carefully, Follow these instructions.Take care loBe careful (not) to,e,Cover , with, ,Dont because If it isgo to the hospital. Mind you do/dont Never ,二、各单元重点短语、词汇:Unit 1 Great scientists词 汇 部 分词语 辨析1. ch

10、aracter / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse词形 变化1. scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家2. valuable adj.有价值的value n.价值value v.估价，评价3. instruct v.教导，命令instruction n.指示， 用法说明instructive adj.有益的，教祖 的4. enthusiastic adj.热心 的，热情的enthusiasm

11、 n.狂热， 热心enthusiast n.热心家,狂热者重点 单词1. conclude v.断定，得出结论；结束（正式）2. attend vt.出席，参加，照顾，护理，注意vi.专心，留意3. expose vt.使暴露，受到，使曝光v揭露4. absorb vt.吸收;使（精神）贯注;吞并5. blame n.过失,责备vt.责备，谴责6. instruct vt.教，教导，命令，指示，通知7. contribute vi.& vt.捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿重点 词组1. put forward 提出2. draw a conclusion 得出结论3. be/get under con

12、trol 在控制下be/get out of control失去控制，不能操纵4. be absorbed in 专心5. be to blame应该受责备（用主动形式表示被动） blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人6. in addition也，另夕卜，此夕卜7. link.to将和连接或联系起来8. die of因而死亡（内因）die from因而死亡（外因）9. lead to导致,通向10. make sense有意义，说得通11. apart from除之外，此外12. contribute to为作贡献或捐款,导致，有助于13. be enthusiastic abo

13、ut 对热情14. be curious about 对好奇15. cure sb. of illness 治好某人病16. point of view态度，观点,看法17. （be） strict with sb.对某人要求严格Unit 2 The United Kingdom词 汇 部 分词语 辨析1. divide/separate 2. puzzle/confuse3 .debate/argue/discu ss/qu arre 1 4.influe nce/affe ct/e ffe ct词形 变化1. convenience n.便禾 方便，适合convenient adj.便利的

14、， 方便的conveniently adv.便利地2. attraction n.吸引，吸引 力attractive adj.吸弓| 人 的，有魅力的attract v.吸引3. construct v.建造,构造， 建立construction n.建筑，建设4. arrange v.安排，协商arrangement n.排列，安排5.collect v.收集，聚集， 集中collection n.收藏，征收,搜集品6. fair adj.公平地，公正 地，unfair adj.不公平的7.suggest vt.建议，暗示suggestion n.提议，意见，暗示，单词L consist v

15、i.由组成，在于,一致2. clarify v.澄清，阐明3. convenience n.便不ij,方便，有益，有用的，方便的用具、4. influence n.& vt.影响，感化，势力，有影响的人（或事）5. available adj.可用到的，可利用的为空的，6. arrange v.安排,排列，协商7. delight n.快乐，高兴，喜悦v.（使）高兴,（使）欣喜币1点词组1. consist of 由组成2. divideinto把 分成3. at war （with）（与）交战中4. break away （ from-）挣托（束缚）；脱离5. educational / l

16、egal system 教育/ 立法制度6. have a good / bad influence on 对 有好/ 坏影响7. take the place of 代替8. break down （机器）破坏，损坏；（人）身体出毛病；（计划等）受挫，失败9. make an error 出错10. leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑11. puzzle over / about 为烦恼，困扰12. debate sth. with sb.与某人讨论、争辩13. at your convenience在你方便的时候14. in / with relation to （介）关于；和 相关15

17、. under construction 住建设中Unit 3 Life in the future词 汇 部 分词语 辨析1. surrounding/ environment 2.swiftly/fast/quick/soon词形 变化1 .settlement n.定居；解决settle v.安放，使定居，安排；安家，定居2. surrounding n.周围的事物；环境surround v.包围，围绕3. press v.按；压；逼迫pressure n.压，压力，4.require v.需要；要求；命令requirement n.需要；要求；命令重点1. private adj.私人

18、的；私有的2. settlement n.定居；解决3. impression n.EfJ象；感想；印记4. mmindv.提醒；使想起5. previous adj.在前的；早先的6. lack v.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西7. require v.需要；要求；命令8. assist v.援助；帮助；协助币1点 词组1. make a deep/strong impression on sb.给某人留下深刻印象 impress sb. with sth.= impress sth. on sb.使人记住某事2. take up拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修speed up加速

19、sweep up打扫/横扫/掠过use up 用光come up 过来eat up吃光sit up熬夜/坐正turn up出现/开大（音/水量）3. remind sb. of sth.使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做某事 remind sb. that 提醒某人4. as a result （of*）结果5. suffer from 遭受6. be similar to 和相似7. keep doing sth.一直做某事8. the six of us我们六人（共六人）9. by/ for /through +（the/a） lack

20、of 由于的缺乏 be lacking in缺乏（品质/特点）lack for（否定句）缺乏10. in no time 很快，立刻11. on ones feet （从病痛或挫折中）复原12. in all directions 四面八方13. Sb. lose / catch sight of看不见 / 看见Sb. / Sth. be in / out of sight 看得见 / 看不见 at first sight 第一眼at the sight of 一看见就14. provided A with B 向 A 提供 B15. plenty of + u / c许多16. be pre

21、vious to 早于17. compare A with Bcompare A to B 把A与B作比较，把A比喻作B18. for health reasons 出于健康原因19. bend the rules 变通，放宽20. on earth究竟，到底21. be under repair 在维修中22. search for 寻找23. assist sb. in /with sth.=assist sb. in doing sth.=assist sb. to do sth.帮忙，协助某人去做某事24. go soft 变软25. speak in whisper 低声地说26.

22、be optimistic about 对乐观27. switch on / off the power 开 /关电源28. explain to sb. sth.= explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事29. give off发出（光/热等）30. get / be caught in 被困在中31. require sb. to do sth.=require that sb. （should ） do sth.要求某人做某事 Sth. require doing / to be done 某物需要被32. be supposed to do 应该33. be equipp

23、ed with 装备有34. be essential for / to 对是必要的Unit 4 Making the news词 汇 部 分词语 辨析1. occupation/profession/job/work2. acquire /obtain/get/gain3. accuse/charge4.process/progress/procedure5. accurate /correct/exact/right词形 变化1. employ v.雇佣，使用employment n.雇佣employer雇佣者， employee受雇者2. approve v.赞成，批准叩proval n

24、,赞成，批准3. profession n.职业，专业professional adj.专业的4. guilt n.犯罪guilty adj.犯罪的，内疚的I:.单词1. concentrate vt.集中;聚集Zcousen.过程；进程；课程；一道菜3. trade n.行业；贸易；商业4. defend vt.防护；辩护；护卫5. senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的6. approve vt.赞成；称许；批准7. polish vt.擦亮;磨光；润色8. employ vt.雇用，用，使用9. intention n.意图，目的币1点词组1. be curious about

25、对感到好奇2. be to do必将/将要/应该3. go out on a story 外出采访4. on ones own 独自，* 自己of ones own 自己的5. concentrate on 集中精力于6. be of interest = be interesting 有趣的7. bring ,with 随身携带8. have a nose for 对 非常敏感9. depend on 依赖10. a trick of the trade 职业诀窍11. accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb. with sth.指控某人做某事12. so as to d

26、o sth.(句中)为了13. be supposed to have done理应当/被认为做过某事14. look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望做某事15. be eager to do sth. /for sth.渴望做/16. get the wrong end of the stick 完全搞错了17. tell the whole truth 说出全部真相18. ahead of 在前头19. set (out)to do/ set about doing 着手做某事20. passon to 把传递给21. make an appointment with

27、 sb.与某人约会，预约22. polish the style润色语言风格23. be / get absorbed in专心于，集中精力于24. in turn依次，逐个地25. defendagainst 为某人辩护26. note down 记下27. cover sth. / interview sb.报道某事/采访某人28. do some research on 对做调查29. work on 从事30. last of all 最后31. on purpose / by accident 故意地 / 偶然,意外地32. arrange an interview (with sb

28、.)安排采访33. stick to 坚持34. A rather than B A 而不是 B35. account for 解释36. through sb/s analysis 通过某人的分析37. have a good “nose”for sth探查发现某事物的能力38. be guilty of有罪;因负疚Unit 5 First aid词 汇 部 分词语 辨析1. .hurt/injure/harm/wound2. cause/excuse/reason3. electric/electrical4. jewel ry/jewel词形 变化1. bleed v使出血,放血bloo

29、d n.血，血液，血统bloody adj.有血的2. mild adj.温和的，温柔的mildly adv.温和地，适度地3.treat v.视为，对待，治疗treatment n.待遇,对待，处理，治疗4. pressure n.压，压力，压迫press v.压，压迫5.bra very n 勇敢brave n.勇敢的单词Laid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助2. tissue nJ 生组织，3. squeeze vt.&vi.榨;挤；压榨4. present vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现5. authentic adj.真实的；真正的；可信的词组1. give / offer / do f

30、irst aid to sbperform / carry out first aid on sb.对某人实施急救2. fall ill 生病3. get injured / infected / burned 受伤/感染/烧伤4. save ones life挽救某人的生命5. sense of touch 触觉6. electric shock 触电；电休克7. take off脱下；(飞机)起飞8. squeeze out 榨出；挤出9. over and over again 反复；多次10. in place在适当的位置：适当11. put ones hands on 找到12. p

31、resent sb. with sth.present sth. to sb.幡予/给予某人某物13. a piece of jewellery 一件珠宝14. cause / do damage to.使 受到危害/损害15. a number of +n. (pl.)若干；许多16. stick sth. to 贴在上17. make a difference 区另lj三、必修5各单元综合测试题和解析（文档另附）Unit 1见人教版英语必修五Unitl综合测试题（附答案解析）http: yzZEmUnit 2见人教版英语必修五Unit 2综合测试题（附答案解析）http: Dan.baid

32、u.eom/s/lJOPvUnit 3见人教版英语必修五Unit 3综合测试题（附答案解析）httD：Unit 4见人教版英语必修五Unit 4综合测试题（附答案解析）http: Dan.baidu.eom/s/19VsndUnit 5见人教版英语必修五Unit 5综合测试题（附答案解析）http: parkbaidu.eom/s/17TzTK四、语法专题总的来说，必修5介绍的语法项目有：1.动词的过去分词2.倒装3.省略（一）动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有同意的构成规 则。过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中可以用作定语、表

33、语、宾语补 足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。1.去分词作定语的用法（unitl和unit3的重点语法）过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动;在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的 名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。（1）过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。例如： Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health.（2）也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况,一般作前置定语,它不表示被动意义， 只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例 如：fallen leaves 落

34、叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen $un 升起的太阳（3）单个的过去分词作定语修饰名词时,般放在名词的前面。如：We needed much more qualified workers.我们需要更多的合格的工人。My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。*单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。例如：They decided to change the material used.他们决定更换使用的材料。(4)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语 从句。例如：The stud

35、ent dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。(5)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Is there anything unsolved?还有没解决的问题吗？There is nothing changed here since 1 left this town.自从我离开这个城镇

36、以来，几乎没有什么变 化。(6)单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用旌钮将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词， 放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副 词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如：This is a state-owned factory,这是一家国营工厂。This is our school-run factory.这是我们的校办工厂。(7)注意：作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。如：原形用作定语用作表语或谓语drinkdrunkendrunklightlightedlight/litsinksun

37、kensunk2 .过去分词作表语的用法(unitl的重点语法)作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词 前可加quite, veryjather等修饰词。系动词可有多种，表示不同的意义；被动语态表示动作， 强调动宾关系，绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。(1)过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异： T he store is now closed.保表)The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m.(被动) T he novel is w ell w ritten.保表)The novel is wr

38、itten by LuXun.(被动)(2)某些过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语多半是人。这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词：delighted, devoted, discouraged, astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect.这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词，其中很多可以被very修饰.A. On hearing the good news everyo

39、ne was very excited.B. We are very pleased at the news.(3)需要注意的地方：多数情况下，如果主语是人，表语使用过去分词；如果主语是事或物，表语使用现在分词。 但事实上，当表示主语处于某种状态中，即“感到/觉得二表语要使用过去分词时，所 以有时主语是物时也可：而要表示主语“具有令人/使别人感到的特征/性质”，表语使 用现在分词，包括有时主语是人时也行。He is terrifying他很吓人。（指他的长相或举动令人 害怕）。He is terrified.他很害怕。Please describe a dog that is frighten

40、ed.请描述一只惊恐的狗（狗受到了惊吓）。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。get done也可构成被动语态，在意义上接近于be done.例如：His right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。She got murdered last year.去年她被人谋杀了。get done表状态3 .过去分词作宾语补足语的用法（unit2的市点语法）（1）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：表示感觉、心理状态的动词：see, watch, observe, lo

41、ok at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。 如：I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。表示“致使”意义的动词：have, make, get, keep, leave等。如：ril have my haircut lomorrow.明天我要理发。表示“希望”、要求”意义的动词：Hke, order, want, wish等。如：I wish my homework finished before five oclock.我希望 5 点前完成我的作业。（2）过去分词作宾补表示的意义过去分词作

42、宾补表示被动关系,其动作先于谓语动作。如：He found his hometown greatly changed.（他发现他的家乡变化很大）过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻的上的动宾关系。I would like this matter settled at once.（我希望此事立刻得到解决动）动宾关系是settle this matter。（3）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况：过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen他的钱给偷了。（被别 人偷去了）过去分词所

43、表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自 己的经历）（4）过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主 补了。如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底打 扫了，一切都布置得井井有条4 .过去分词作状语的用法（unit3的重点语法）（1）过去分词作状语表示被动或完成

44、的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在被动关系。 如： Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.(2)有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而衣主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）;seated（坐）;hidden（躲）;dressed in（穿着）,stationed （驻扎）;lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）;bom （出身于）;tired of （厌烦）.。由某些动词

45、后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed 等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do.Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnl hear the sound.（3）过去分词作状语应注意以下几点：过去分词与句子主语之间的关系（此时应注意人称一致）Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词 与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较： Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful, （our city 与 see 之间是被动关系）Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. （ we