沪教牛津版八年级上册英语教材.docx

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1、沪教牛津版八年级上册英语知识点总结全册（广州地区）Unit 1 Encyclopedias4单词4令短语5Q重点句型5令课文翻译6。知识点解析7令习题13Unit 2 Numbers16。单词16短语17令重点句型18令课文翻译18令知识点解析19习题36Unit 3 Computers38令单词38令短语39重点句型39。课文翻译40令知识点解析41令习题58Unit4 Inventions61单词61令短语62Q重点句型63令课文翻译63。知识点解析65习题68Unit5 Educational exchange71Q单词71短语72重点句型72令课文翻译73令知识点解析74习题83Uni

2、t 6 Ancient stories85令单词85令短语87。重点句型870课文翻译88令知识点解析89令习题95Unit 7 Memory100单词100个短语101Q重点句型101课文翻译102令知识点解析103令习题109Unit 8 English Week114单词114短语115令重点句型115令课文翻译116知识点解析117习题122每单元必考语法点预览Unit 1 some与any的用法&复合不定代词somebody, anybody,nobody等的用法Unit 2基数词及数字的表达&序数词Unit 3形容词的比较级与最高级Unit 4 good, bad, far &(n

3、ot) asasUnit 5现在完成时& already, yet, ever, neverUnit 6现在完成时中since, for &现在完成时与一般过去时的区别Unit 7(真实性)条件状语从句& ifnot与unlessUnit 8情态动词 should, had betterUnit 1 Encyclopediase单词词形词性音标中文意思encyclopaedian.in.saikhpidia百科全书humanadjhjumsn人的dinosaurn.dainasoi恐龙Italiann.Itceljdn意大利人inventorn.inventa(r)发明家musiciann.m

4、juzijsn音乐家scientistn.saiantist科学家bornv.bD：rn出生；诞生countrysiden.kAntri.said乡村intelligencen.intEladsans智力；聪颖artisticadjartistik艺术的；有美感的abilityn.sbiliti能力，才能perhapsadv.paihccps或许；可能inventionn.invEnfan发明notebookn.not.buk笔记本includeVinklud包括；包含evenadv.ivan甚至howeveradv.haueva无论如何；然而suddenlyadv.sAdn：li意外地，忽然

5、地nobodypron.no, bddi没有人，无人fossiln.fas9l化石winVwin获胜，赢dollarndalat美元l.in the countryside 在乡村,在农村11.for example 例如2.human being 人12.next to紧挨着3.die out灭绝，消失13.look up 查阅4.find out 了解，弄清14.1ive on Earth生活在地球上5.go for a walk 去散步15.an Italian painter 一位意大利画家6.be born 出生16.used to do sth过去常常做某事7.more than多

6、于，超过17.at the end of 在末尾8.just like正如，正像18.in the centre 在中心9.how long 多久e out of从出来10.would like 想要20.be famous for以而闻名l.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.有的恐龙和鸡一样小2.Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。3.Suddenly dinosaurs all died out.突然

7、恐龙都灭绝了。4 .However, we can learn about dinosaurs from their fossils.然而，我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。5 .Nobody knows why.没有人知道其中的原因。6 .Would you like some tea?你想要一些茶吗？令课文翻译Look it up!查一查Here are two articles from an encyclopedia.这是一本百科全书中的两篇文章。Da Vinci, Leonardo达芬奇，列奥纳多Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian pa

8、inter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous pa

9、inting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his note books include some interesting drawings of flying machines.(SeeArt)达芬奇(1452-1519)是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候起，他就表现出了极大的智慧和艺术能力。随着年龄的增长，他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画非常有名，其中之一，蒙娜丽莎，也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如，他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器图纸。(见艺术)Dino

10、saurs 恐龙Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived o

11、n Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, wecan learn about them from their fossils.(See Earth history)恐龙在人类之前生活在地球上超过6000万年。他们住在地球上的任何地方。有些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他和十头大象一样大。有些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而，一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了1亿5000万多年。突然，他们都死了。没有人知道原因。然而，我们可以从它们的化石中了解

12、它们。(参见地球历史)More practiceAustralias big attractions 澳大利亚的大景点Australia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.澳大利亚是一个很大的国家。它也有很多吸引人的地方。The Big Banana 大香蕉The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop,

13、 so he built the Big Banana.The idea worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things.大香蕉在科夫斯港。它是由John Landy在1964建立的。兰迪想让人们到他的水果店去，所以他做了一个大香蕉。这个主意奏效了。许多人参观他的水果店,拍了一张大香蕉的照片。很快，澳大利亚各地的人们开始制造大的东西。The Big Merino大美利奴羊Th

14、e Big Merino is in the city of Goulbum. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in Australia. Visitors can also c

15、limb up to the Big Merino*s head and look at the view through its eyes.大美利奴人在Goulbum市。美利奴羊是一种绵羊。他们可以在干燥的天气里生活。澳大利亚有些地方很干燥，所以这些羊对那里的农民很重要。在大美利奴的内部，有一个关于澳大利亚羊毛历史的小博物馆。游客也可以爬到大美利奴的头上，透过它的眼睛看风景。知识点解析1. Is my encyclopedia useful?1) useful:有用的，有益的，有帮助的 a useful book2) use+ful= useful 名词+ful=形容词3）以-ful结尾的形

16、容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词。 eg:useful-useless careful-careless helpful-helpless2. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.动词后加后缀er/or构成一种职业。eg:teach 教-teacher 教师sing 唱-singer 歌唱家visit参观-visitor参观者 invent发明-inventor发明家3. cookv烹饪My mother cooked a delicious me

17、al for us.n.厨师 My father is a famous cook.cooker n.厨具Do you think rice cooker is a useful cooker?4. Look it up!查阅；查询，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查阅。We can look up new words in a dictionary.【拓展】：look up仰视；向上看He looked up from his book as I came into the room.5. Da Vinci was born in the countryside.be born出生一般用于过去式

18、 was born/ were bornbe born in +地点 I was born in Guangzhou.be born in +某年/某月 Jim was born in July.-be born on+具体至I某天 The twins were born on 1st January.6. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability, show1）出示，展示，显露，露出He showed his photo to me = He showed me his photo.2）流露，表示

19、，表现He showed great interest in science when he was young.3）教，告诉，说明，指点He showed me the way on the map.7. His painting are very famous , and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.famous= well-knownbe famous for由于（事物）而出名 be famous as作为（事物）而出名8. Dinosaurs lived on the Eart

20、h more than 60 miHion years before human beings.more than超过；多于，相当于overless than 少于They have more than a car.million 百万1）与具体的数字连用时，不加s,后面直接接复数名词。There are about two thousand students in this school.2）固定短语：millions of （hundred, thousand, billion 和 million 的用法相同） Millions of people help them in differe

21、nt ways.9. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Asas 与一样1）当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as +形容词/副词原级+as”结构,表示“（A和B）一样”This tree is as tall as that one.2）比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B.”Our school is not as big as yours.as+adj（原级）+as和一样I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。not as+adj（原级）+as不如He is

22、 not as strong as you.他不如你强壮as many+可数名词+as和一样多I have as many books as you （do）我的书和你的一样多as much+不可数名词+as和一样多Drink as much juice as you want.你想喝多少果汁就喝多少。lO.However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.however 然而，但是“例： However,this does not always happen.however然而一般位于句首，能单独使用He likes music. However, his

23、wife doe sn t.but但是位于分句的句首，不能单独使用He likes music, but his wife doesn * t.11 . a/the number of 用法a number of与the number of,二者的区别涉及到主谓一致的问题，它们修饰名词作主语时，谓语的数是不一样的。(l)anumberof意思是“一些，若干”(=some),后接可数名词复数或代词,谓语动词用复数形式。还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等(例如：alarge/small number of许多/少数)。A number of students have read that magaz

24、ine.有很多学生都看过那本杂志。(2)由4皿10。尸意思是的数字/数，介词of同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰the number.当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The number of wild animals has become less and less.野生动物的数量逐渐减少。12 .at the end of在的末尾；在的尽头+时间/地点There is a park at the end of the road.We will have an exam at the end of the month.13 .used to do过去常常做某事，并且含有现在已不做之意。I u

25、sed to go to that primary school.拓展：be used to doing sth现已习惯做某事be used to do sth被用来做某事14 .help sb do sth =help sb with sth帮助某人做某事He often helps me study English.=He often helps me with my English.【拓展】help oneself to随便吃些Help yourselves to some fish, children.Can t help doing .禁不住做 She can , t help la

26、ughing.15 . Just remember to think and to dream.remember及物动词Please remember the story.辨析：remember to do sth 与 remember doing sthremember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做）Remember to post his letter 记得要为他寄信remember doing sth记得已做过某事（此事已做完）I remember posting his letter 我记得已帮他寄过信。16 .Somewhere small; others were h

27、uge.some.others.一些另一些 others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill, some.the others 一些其余的the others指剩下的全部包含在内的“其余的人或事物”There are many children on the beach. Some can swim but the others can t.语法：some/any复合不定代词教材典句1. I have some q

28、uestions about dinosaurs.2. Do they have any questions about dinosaurs?3. Would you like some tea?4. We don t have any bread.重点语法全解:（-）some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些但二者在用法上还是有区别的。some 一般用于肯定句any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。（二）some和any的特殊用法:some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。some+

29、单数名词，表示某一复合不定代词thingbodyonesomesomethingsomebodysomeoneanyanythinganybodyanyoneeveryeverythingeverybodyeveryonenonothingnobodyno one注意：复合不定代词+形容词，形容词后置something hot something interesting something importantanything possible anything else nothing wrongIs there anything else I can do for you?有什么其他事情要我

30、为你做的吗?Theres nothing wrong with the machine,机器没有毛病。I have something interesting to tell you.我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词单数。例句：Everything looks great.所有东西看起来都很不错Everyone has his own gift.每个人都有自己的天赋。Someone wants to see you outside.外面有人想见你。Nothing is impossible.没有什么是不可能的。/一切皆有可能。令习题练一练：一、根据中文提示填空。(1)1

31、 heard strange just now.我刚刚听见一些奇怪的声音。(2)There,s left in the fridge,冰箱里什么都没有剩下。(3)Would you like to eat?你想要吃点什么吗？(4)Can you lend me money?你能借我一些钱么？二、选择题()(1).Not in our class likes playing football. Some of them like playing basketball.A .anyoneB.everyoneC .nobodyD.someone()(2).rd like some tea.Sorry

32、, we don t have . Would you like milk?A.some, someB.any, any C. some, any D .any, some()(3). r m hungry. I want to eat.A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing()(4). Why not ask to help you?A. everyone B. someone C. anyoneD. none()(5). Everything ready. We can start now.A. areB. isC. beD. w

33、ere()(6). There s with his eyes. He s OK.A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. It is useful(learn) a foreign language.2. Can you help me(carry) the box, Lily?3. Remember(write) to me when you get to Beijing.4. I need some(potato). Do you have any?5. About two(millio

34、n ) people listened to the programme.6. I think telephone is one of the most important(invent) in the world.7. Tom wants to be a(cook) in the future.四、单选题。1. This morning Isome new restaurant on the Internet for I wanted to takeMia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.A.picked up B.looked up C. cle

35、aned up D. gave up2. My mother was born a cold morning.A. on B. at C. in D.during3. Zhou Jielun is famous a singer.A. as B. for C. in D. at4. He wrote songs.A. hundred B.one hundred C. hundred of D. one hundred of5. He often helps me my Maths.A. to B.with C. on D. in6. My host family tried to cook f

36、or me when I studied in London.A.different something B. different anythingC.something different D. anything different7. do you watch TV every week?-Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.A.How many B. How muchC.How long D. How often8. Our team the match. We have got the first place.A.

37、hit B. beat C. won D. watched9. -Steven,could you help when he plane will take off on theInternet?Sorry,my computer doesn t work.A.get on B. find out C.look for D. look after10. I often have hamburgers for lunch.-You d better not. It s bad for youtoo much junk food.A. eat B.to eat C. eating D. ate11

38、. He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wife s return.A.to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay12. In our school library there _ a number of the books on science, and in these year the number of themgrowing larger and larger.A.are;is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is13. You can get

39、much _ about the World Expo on the Internet.A.map B.picture C. ticket D. information 14._ birds died because of pollution.A.Two millions B. Millions of C. Million of D.Two millions of15. What a find day! Let s go _ a walk.A.for B. at C. out D. in五、完形填空Dickens, one of the greatest English writers,was

40、 born in of the small towns in England.When Dickens was nine years old, the family moved to London, the2 ofEngland. There were several younger children in the 3. Their life was4. So Dickens could not go to school.He didn t go to 5.until his father came out of prison(监狱).At that time he was already t

41、welve years old. But he did not finish school. Two years6, he began to work. He often went to the library to 7 books.He read a lot. Then Dickens wrote lots of novels and stories all his8.Dickens9over a hundredyears ago.10. people are still readinghis books with great interest.()1. A. anyB. oneC. som

42、eD. a()2. A. cityB. townC. capitalD. country()3. A. schoolB. classC. cityD. family()4. A. goodB. hardC.easyD. wonderful15()5. A. schoolB. a schoolC. the schoolD.schools()6. A. agoB. beforeC. laterD. since()7. A. seeB. buyC. sellD. read()8. A. moneyB. homeC. classD. life()9. A. wonB. drewC. readD. di

43、ed()10. A. ButB. SoC. WhyD. While习题参考答案一、1.something 2.nothing 3.anything 4.some二、1-6BDBBBC三、1.to learn 2.carry3.to write4.potatoes5.million 6.invention 7.cook四、1-5 B A A B B6-10C DC B B11-15DADB A五、1-5 B C D B A6-10 C D D D AUnit 2 Numbers词形词性音标中文意思numbern.nAmbafr)数字pLinstructionsn.instrAkJn指示，命令ch

44、eckv.t；ek检查；核实gramn.gram克（重量单位）sonn.sAn儿子chessn.tfes国际象棋Indian.India印度wise adj waiz充满智慧的challengev.tjcehnds向（某人）挑战promiseV.promis许诺；承诺prizen.praiz奖赏；奖品grainn.grein谷粒chessboardn.tfesb3：d国际象棋棋盘doubleV.fdAbl（使）加倍amountn.9maunt数量；数额restn.rest剩余部分goldn.gauld金子；黄金insteadadvinsted代替；顶替realizeV.ri：Blaiz认识到；意识到copyv.fkopi抄写；誉写correctlyadvkarektli准确无误地traff icn.ftrasfik交通accidentn.ccksidant事故e短语1. in onet s daily life在某人的日常生活7. give sb good advice给某人好的建议2.challengeto向（某人）挑战8.follow oney s ad