考研英语阅读超级秘诀.docx

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1、2019考研英语阅读超级秘诀折斩&哇斩简介小哇在此提供两套阅读超级秘诀，对英语一二通用，都具有小封喉的效果：第一套：折斩，即只看转折句选答案。I第二套：哇斩，即不看文章，只看选项和题干选答案。每套秘诀都能单独选出/亡前20道阅读题的答案。你可根据自己偏好选择其一，或者将二者互补组合套用。以下是详细说明。L先看折斩在做考研英语（一二）的阅读Part A时，只要锁定文章中的一个地方，基本就可快速找出全部20道题的正确答案，这个地方就是转折句。没错，只看转折句找答案！不言而喻，转折句往往是文章强调的内容，它们或者是与主旨相关（是主旨的反映），或者表述的就是主旨,我们知道，在四个选项中，与主旨最接近的

2、那个就是正确答案（没有例外）。所以，与转折句表述最接近的选项同样也是正确答案。事实证明，只看转折句，通常就可找出全部20道题的答案，至少能找出每篇文章5道题中的4道题的答案甚至，有时只看文章中的一个转折句，就能做出全部5道题。哇魔力将“只看转折句选答案”的方法定义为“转折主旨接近法则”，简称“折斩”。或许，您也知道转折句的重要性，但是从未尝试过只看转折句选答案。您不妨尝试一下，效果会超乎你的想象的好。在套用“折斩”做题之前，针对每篇文章，先找出那些题干中给出具体段落的题（例如词义题），先初步判断5道题的大致定位（即定位的具体段落），便于后续操作。比如，2011年第33题问的是The autho

3、r indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media，说明第33题出处是第3段。全文有四段，而第35题又是主旨题，所以，第31、32题出处应该在第1、2段，第34题出处应该在第4段。确定了大致出处，更容易回归原文找答案。如此判断的基本依据是，命题人通常都是按照文章段落的先后顺序出题，一个段落通常最多出一道题（较长段落可能会出2道题）。然后，再根据下面的魔图按照流程指示做题即可。建议仔细研读后面的真题解析，会更容易掌握“折斩”。特别注意，极少数情况下，只看转折句可能选不出答案，此时可以再看引语和观点句，它们往往也是答案出处。其中：1 .引语包括直接引语和间接引

4、语，直接引语是指引号中的内容，间接引语是指转述的内容。如果既有直接引语又有间接引语，优先看直接引语，（2 .观点句是指表达作者或他人明确观点的句子，通常有标志性关键词，比如：mean、believe.maintain suspect、insist, doubt、assert、contendargue、agree、moan、complain hold、 assume claim declare warn、advocate 等。特别注意#1,在套用“折斩”做题时，如果转折句（以及引语和观点句）是一个长难句，句子结构复杂，不容易理解，此时可锁定句子中的宾语，包括主干宾语和其他句子成分里的宾语，宾语往

5、往是答案选项（或其中关键词）的同义替换。特别注意#2,如果转折句同时也是引语或/和观点句，应优先锁定。哇斩是不看文章，只看选项和题干（主要是看选项）直接选答案。主要从以下几个角度考虑（举例）：|与题干关键词（比如introduce）是否表述一致|与题干在感情色彩上是否表述一致I是否违背常识I明确H模糊|抽象（概括、宏观）一|具体（微观）I绝对H相对深刻H浅显I隐蔽-I直接|答案往往隐藏于具有相似特征的不易区分的选项中怖者相信的内容往往带有正能串针对词汇题，?义更F ”；更深刻的往往是答案|出现在选项中的小叱卜是题眼开篇举例、引用不是就事论事，而是引出主题/支持观点，答案应具有概括性、抽象性作者

6、不会对新事物持负面态度主旨不可能是表述他人的态度或观点.（还有更多，详见后面的真题解析）根本原则是：越靠近主旨的越是答案。真题示例：2005年英语（一）Text 1片主#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。第1段:Everybody loves a fat pay rise（.资暴涨）.Yet pleasure at your own can vanishif you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking（偷懒怠匚）,you might even be

7、 outraged（激怒）.Such behaviour is regarded as “all to human,n with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely（细微地）developed sense of grievance（灸屈，抱怨）.But a study by SarahBrosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been publish

8、ed in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.（21题件示注红色的选项是答案）In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA posing a contrast（提出对照）B justifying an assumption（让文种假定的介理性）（哇斩：B/ustifying（证实）”和D“exp/ain/ng（解释厂与题干油。0表述矛盾，因为文章开篇是提出问题或现象，而非证实或解释问题或现象。证实或解释是文章中间段的任务。所以排除BD）（C mak

9、ing a comparison（进行忖比）（哇斩：A中confrasf与C中comparison”是近义词，命题人明显是在 AC中设置答案，所以答案应在AC中选。再看，题干中Mfroduce”是过程词，C中making也是过程词，而A中posing不是，所以C与题干表述一致，答案选C。不看文章,直接选出答案）（D explaining a phenomenon（解释一种现象）折斩卜参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第1段，该段中有转折句。中的蓝色字体表述的都是比较之意，而在四个选项中，只有AC表述比较，所以答案应在AC中选。其中，A中contrast是比较差异，C中comparison是比较共同点，

10、究竟选哪一个？注意，转折句也是观点句（a studysuggetsthat）,所以应锁定找答案。而中的蓝色字体说明比较的是共同点，所以C是答案。（注卜若转折句本身又是引语或观点句，应优先锁定。（详见魔图）U-22题价示注红色的选项是答案）The statement “it is all too monkey*（Last line, paragraph I） implies thatA monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals（对偷撇的对手也很愤慨）（哇斩#7： A 中蓝色字体表述过于具体，与题干/YnpOes问法矛盾，排除A）B resenting u

11、nfairness is also monkeys nature（对不公斗M到义愤也是任广的本能）（哇斩#2：4中“outraged”与口中“/-eser?f/7?g”是近义词，命题人明显是在48中设置答案，所以答案应在AB中选。而B中ua/mess”和力afure嘟是表述抽象的词汇，与题干 implies问法一致，所以答案选B。不看文章，直接选出答案）（C monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other（猴 V 1 j 人一样也会相互嫉妒）（哇斩#7：题干中“/T jsa/foomockey”说的很明确，C中leadfo be俵述

12、模糊,与题干表述不一致，排除C）（D no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions（没有其他动物会同猴 T 样有如此的情感）（哇斩#7： D中蓝色字体表述不明确,排除D另，no.other than俵述否定且绝对化，与题干）。”表述矛盾，排除Do另，4BC说的都是人与猴子的共性，只有D说的是人可猴门的不同，所以答案应住ABC中选，排除片类选项。）折斩:参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第1段，该段中有转折句。由于题干引用的是中的内容，所以只能看找答案。强调“pleasure.vanish（高兴劲烟消云散）:对应A中的“outraged”

13、和B中的“resenting，所以答案应在AB中选。而中说的是“colleague（同事）”，而非“rival（对手）”，所以A与表述不一致，排除A。答案选B。（注#1：“哇斩#1”是说如何排除错误选项ACD,“哇斩#2”是说如何在AB中选出答案。注#2：表述抽象、概括的选项通常是答案。第2段:The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute（可爱的，聪明的）.They are good-natured（性情温顺）,co-operative creatures, and

14、they share their food readily（乐意地，欣然地）.Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of Mgoods and servicesn than males.（第3段:Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals study. The researchers spent two yea

15、rs teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens（代用品）for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber（ i瓜）.However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers（；间，笊 J ）, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return

16、 for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.第4段:In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods （and much preferable（更好的） to cucumbers）. So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one

17、 received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed（仍） her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence（存在）of a grape in the other chamber （without an actual monkey to eat it） wa

18、s enough to induce resentment（愤恨，愤愤不平）in a female capuchin.（_23题价示注红色的选项是答案）Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are A more inclined to weigh what they get（心出它们所得到的是11）（哇斩#7：题干中的“probab/y”对应A中“inclined to”,都表述不确定，所以A是答案。哇斩#2：题干强调female”,显然是与雄性比较而言的，而45都含比较级

19、，所以答案应在49中选。很明显，A发述内容比。更深刻些，所以答案选4哇斩#3： A中考查的是熟词僻意。熟词僻意往往是题眼，所以4更像是答案。不看文章，直接选出答案）（B attentive to researchers* instructions（关;注:研究人员的指令）C nice in both appearance and temperament（外表和出I ! f ）D more generous than their male companions（要比它们的雄性同伴更大方，叫）折斩卜参照魔图。根据题干关键词（蓝色字体）定位第2、3、4段，其中第3段有转折句。中的what the o

20、ther was getting”对应选项 A 中的“what they get，所以答案选 A。注#1：转折句中只有一个宾语，Hwhat the other was getting,在四个选项中找这个宾语的同义替换，是A中的“what they get，所以答案选A。此处强调的是找宾语的同义替换。注#2：熟词僻意若出现在选项中，往往是题眼。第5段:The researches suggest（认为）that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-oper

21、ative, group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous（正的）indignation（愤怒，愤慨），it seems, are not the preserve（独占的事物）of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to othe

22、r members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness（公） evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（24题件示注红色的选项是答案）Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually fo

23、und in their study that the monkeys Aprefer grapes to cucumbers（欢葡葡胜过喜欢黄瓜）（哇斩：题问的是研究结论，应具有抽象性，而A表述过于具体，排除为（B can be taught to exchange things（“以学会交换商品）C will not be co-operative if feeling cheated（上感到上当受骗,就不会再配合）（哇斩:题干强调是，最终由研究发现，显然它应具有隐蔽性、深刻性，比较四个选项，只有C符合。其深刻性表现在，表述的行为（不合作，感觉受骗）更具有社会性；其隐蔽性表现在，此研究发现

24、需耍满足条件MeafeoT才能获得在文章，直接选出答案）（D are unhappy when separated from others（如果与其他猴子分开就会不高兴）折斩卜参照魔图。根据题干关键词（蓝色字体）定位第5段，该段有转折句。先看，很容易看出与选项C是同义替换，所以C是答案（注意，不含转折词，但是句式“is likely to beonly when,有转折之意）。再看，说的是“a sense of fairness”，意思是“公平感”，与其表述最接近的是C中“feeling cheated”，其中“sense”对应“feeling”，说的都是“感觉”，所以C是答案。（注:转折句中

25、“only when”是题眼，对应C中“will not.if。25题（标注红色的选项是答案）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions（也过钟气的.门花培木出让G怙礴）B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source（人类愤慨之心的来源尚不清楚）（哇斩：从最后一段推断的内容应该仃升华，不能只是谈论猴子，所以答案应选Bo 不看文章，直接选出答案）（C Animals usually show th

26、eir feelings openly as humans do（A物通常后人类样会公开表达自己的情感）D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild（只有在野外,猴广才会）外）（哇斩：。必表述绝对化，排除。）（折斩:参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第5段，该段有转折句。因为该题是整段推理，所以优先锁定位于段尾的转折句（尾句往往具有概括性）。很容易看出，中的蓝色字体与B中的uncertain是同义替换，所以B是答案。（注：文章中前缀是“un”的单词往往是题眼所在，是答案选项中某关键词的同义替换。至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句，

27、和，畦斩”选出答案。掌握了，折斩，和，畦斩，绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！真题示例：2005年英语（一）Text 2片主#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。第1段:Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking wouldkill us but the doubters insisted we didnt know for sure? evidence was inconclusive（； i 性的，不确定的），the science uncertain?鼠 the antismoking lobbywas out to

28、 destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to earlygraves（坟蒙）.（26题件示注红色的选项是答案）An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA there was no scientific evidence of the correlat

29、ion between smoking and death（八 N IM 和死亡的关系方面尚无科学依据）（哇斩：力。”表述过于绝对，排除4另，在抽烟和死亡的关系方面是有科学依据的，A表述违背常识，排除4）（B the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant（过去儿卜年因吸烟而死亡的数字无关紧要）C people had the freedom to choose their own way of life（人们有选择自己生活方式的门山）（哇斩：题下问的是argument论点，论点一般表述抽象

30、。ABD表述都比较具体，只有C表述相对抽象（为eedom”和“.wayof/jfe，都是表述抽象的词或短语人答案选Co不看文章，直接选出答案）（D antismoking people were usually talking nonsense（反时吸烟的人往小是胡说八道）（哇斩：“fa/kMg nonsense股有实质内容，不适于做argument,排除。）（折斩:参照魔图。根据题干关键词（蓝色字体）定位第1段，该段中有转折句，其中是隐性转折句（and前后表述强对比）。先看，表面上看与选项A意思相似，但是，A中“no”表述过于绝对，而中“didnt know for sure”表述不明确，所

31、以A是错误选项。再看（特别是“and”后面的内容），正是选项C的同义替换，所以C是答案。（注#1卜也可看宾语选答案。中唯一的宾语成分是“our way of life，与此有关的选项只有C,所以C是答案。（注#2：支持抽烟者insisted后面连跟了三个排比式宾语从句that.； that.； that.,则直接看最后一个从句，它是重心，这个从句正是转折句。（注#3：遇到排比式组句，直接看最后的句子即可，它是重心，是题眼。类似的例子还有2005Text1第2段中的they.they.they. they.,最后一个“they”引导的句子中paymuch closer attention to

32、the value of *goods and services正是答案选项 A 中“weigh what they get”的同义替换。（第2段:There are upsetting（令人心烦的）parallels（类似，类似的事情，相似物）today, as scientists in one wave after anotheH 波乂波地）try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel（?小组）from the National Academy of Sciences, e

33、nlisted（获得赞助）by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely（ I：要地，基本）man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the prefa

34、ce to the panels report:Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best availableguide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning（） the future consequences of present ac

35、tions.”（_27题,标注红色的选项是答案）According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as A a protector（个保护者）B a judge（一个法官）Cachtic（一个批评家）D a guide（个指导）（哇斩#7：题干主语science说的不是人，而选项ABC说的都是人，只有D不是，所以只有D与题干表述一致，答案选Do哇斩#2：题干主语“sc/ecce”是一个抽象名词，而选项ABC都是表述较具体的名词，只有D表述相对抽象像宽泛人所以只有。与题干表述一致，答案选Do不行仁单，直接选出答案）（折斩:参照魔图。根据题干关键词（蓝色字

36、体）定位第2段，该段中有转折句。中蓝色字体正是选项D的同义替换，所以D是答案。（注：也可看宾语选答案。中唯一的宾语成分是important policies,而“policies”都具有指导性，所以答案选D。（_30题价示注红色的选项是答案）The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because A they both suffered from the governments negligence（两者都被政府忽觇 T）B a lesson from the latter is applic

37、able to the former（吸烟的教训也适用于全球变胧）（哇斩#7：在考研阅读中，作者将两个看似无关的问题放在一起比较，往往是因为二者有相似性，可借鉴，所以B最像答案。哇斩#2题干关键词assocEe”说明破烟”与“全球变暖*两个问题有相似性，这与B表述最一致，所以答案选Bo哇斩#3：作者的观点或相信的内容往往带有正能量，而ACD都带有负能量，B强调的是借鉴，带有正能量，所以答案选B不看文章，直接选出答案）（C the outcome of the latter aggravates the former（抽烟的后川川剧个球变h）（哇斩：抽烟不可能加剧全球变暖，C表述违背常识，排除C

38、）（D both of them have turned from bad to worse（，匕部是 ill 糙变更加工）折斩:参照魔图。根据题干关键词（蓝色字体）定位第2段（题干关键词对应段首句中的“upsetting parallels）,该段中有转折句。没有提供有效的答案线索，那么再看紧跟后面的句子，即第3段第一句。此句中“Just as on smoking”指出了“smoking”与“globalwarming”有相似性，这与选项B（后者的教训适用了前者）的表述景援近，所以答案是B。注:如果从转折句本身找不出答案，可再看紧跟转折句后面的句子，从此句通常能找出答案。（第3段:Just

39、 as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it*s Ok to keep pouring fumes（污气）into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvi

40、ous and growing, a prudent（译慎的 people would take out an insurance policy now.（第4段:Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warmingseriously（take.seriously：豆现，认 P i）. Instead of a plan of action, they c

41、ontinue to press（敦）for more research - a classic case of uparalysis（”，麻 U ） by analysis.28题件示注红色的选项是答案）What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis（Last line, paragraph 4）?A Endless studies kill action（无休止一的研究废涂f行动）（哇斩#7：sfud/es，对应题干中的“analysis”, A是备选答案。哇斩#2题干中“para/ys/s”表述贬义，四个选项中AC表述贬义，所以答案

42、在AC中选。而A中“sfud/es对应题干中“aca/ys/s，所以答案选A）B Careful investigation reveals truth（仔细的调件会揭示也相）C Prudent planning hinders progress（评慎的计划会阻碍进步）DExtensive researchhelps decision-making（泛ll-J研允有助决；）（哇斩#7：“research”对应题干中的“aca/ys/s，D是备选答案）（折斩:参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第4段，该段中有转折句。是一个“but.instead”结构的转折句，重心是instead后面的内容。中“Ins

43、tead”引导的句子正是选项A的同义替换，其中“continue to press for more research”是A 中“Endless studies”的同义替换，Instead of a plan of action”是 A 中“kill action”的同义替换，所以A是答案。（哇斩#1： A中“studies”与D中“research”都对应题干中的analysis,都是从事脑力活，不过“studies”更甚些（因为research还有调查的意思，是体力活），所以A是答案。不看文章，直接选出答案。（第5段:To serve as responsible stewards（足务岌

44、）of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration（政府，行政部门）wont take the legislative（立法的）initiative（举措，行动）， Congress should help to begin fashioning（推广）conservation measures（环保措施）.A bill by Democratic Senator Rober

45、t Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives（改励，鼓励）for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants

46、 be environmentally sound（健全的，彻底的,充分的）.（29题（标注红色的选项是答案）According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?AOffer aid to build cleaner power plants（提供资助来建造更环保的发电厂）（哇斩：表述过于具体，排除A）（B Raise public awareness of conservation（提局人们对环保的认识）C Press for further scientific research（促

47、进进-步的科学研究）DTake some legislative measures（采取一叫司法措施）（哇斩#7：西方社会是法制社会，法律往往是优先选择的解决方案，所以答案选D。哇斩#2：相对于选项&经济资助人B偎升环保认识人C（促进科学研究人司法建设更应该是政府做的事情（而且只能由政府来做人。与题干关键词AdmMisfraf/o做府厂表述最接近，所以答案选D。哇斩#3：相对于选项A（经济资助人8偎升环保认识人C（促进科学研究人司法措施即可短期见效，又有长期效用，是最隹措施，所以答案选Do不看文章，直接选出答案）（折斩:参照魔图。根据题干关键词（蓝色字体）定位第5段，该段中有转折句。很明显，C与表述对立，所以C是错误选项。再看紧跟后面的句子（见蓝色字体），其中“take thelegislative initiative”正是选项D的同义替换,所以D是答案。（注#1卜也可看宾语选答案。紧跟后面的句子中有两个宾语成分，分别是“the legislativeinitiative和conservation measures其中前一个宾语成分的主语是the Administration,与题干一致；后一个宾语成分的主语是“Congress，与题干不一致，所以答案应选与“the legislative initiative