考研阅读基础班讲义.docx
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1、考研英语阅读理解电子教材教材说明:本电子教材word文档下面的页码跟教材完全样,学员只需根据老师说的多少页找到相应的页面学习即可。请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习,祝广大考研学子考研成功!阅读理解全真试题(19942004年)UnitlPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spendi
2、ng their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods
3、and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to
4、produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of con
5、sumers and supplies offered by sellerproducers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the
6、supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resource
7、s (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including th
8、e right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 7, Para.1,the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes means.A Americans are never satisfied with their incomesB Americans tend to overstate their incomesC Americans want to have
9、 their incomes increasedD Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that.AJ producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized productionB consumers can express their demands through producersC producers decide the pric
10、es of productsD supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by.A private property and rights concernedB manpower and natural resources controlC ownership of productive resourcesD free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about
11、.A how American goods are producedB how American consumers buy their goodsC how American economic system worksD how American businessmen make their profitsPassage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They their owners automatic credit in stores, rest
12、aurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is ope
13、n. For many of us the cashless society is not on the horizon 一 its already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who
14、 sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busi
15、est and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to deci
16、de which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commerical enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utili
17、ties to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to.A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB obtain more convenient services than other people doC enjoy greater trus
18、t from the storekeeperD cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that.A in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB credit cards are mainly used in the United States todayC nowadays many Americans do not pay in cashD it is now more conveni
19、ent to use credit cards than before57. The phrase ring up sales(Line 2, Para.2) most probably means AJ make an order of goodsB record sales on a cash registerC call the sales managerD keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?A Approaches to the commercial use of computer
20、s.B conveniences brought about by computers in business.C Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.D Advantages of credit cards in business.Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult p
21、otential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the
22、 scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society*s understanding - the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the n
23、ext generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indi
24、cates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.All men are created equal/* Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phras
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