高考英语 定语从句教学课件2.ppt

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1、2021/8/11 星期三1第一部分定语从句定义及概述2021/8/11 星期三2什么是定语从句什么是定语从句孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。The old man lives in a small but cozy house.这位老人住在一个不大但很温馨的房子里。The bridge being built will be completed in three months.The computer damaged seriously belongs to my uncle.The conference to be held next weekend is very important

2、.2021/8/11 星期三3【定语在句子中的位置】【定语在句子中的位置】一个正在过街的 人人喊打的 白色的 漂亮的 小老鼠死了。I saw a big dog chasing a cat which was chasing a rat which had eaten the bread which I bought from the nearby shop which was run by Mr.Baker who was once a soldier.2021/8/11 星期三4 Tom is the only student who has passed the driving test

3、.They have prepared for everything that is needed in the party.The Smiths live in a house which was built more than 200 years ago.【什么是定语从句？】【什么是定语从句？】2021/8/11 星期三5 The boy whose father is an engineer won the first prize in the game show.We are living in a village around which grow many trees and fl

4、owers.The old man has three daughters,all of whom are teachers.Later，I met my second math teacher,from whom I learned a lot.2021/8/11 星期三6先行词 关系词 定语从句(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。I will never forget the girl that I met yesterday in the st

5、reet.2021/8/11 星期三7 定语从句两个必须定语从句两个必须 先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；先行词所作的成分必须空缺。【指点迷津】2021/8/11 星期三8第二部分关系代词引导的定语从句2021/8/11 星期三9 项目项目关系词关系词关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系词在从句中的作用关系代词关系代词thatthat人人/物物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whichwhich物物/事事主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whowho人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whomwhom人人宾语宾语whosewhose人人/物物定语定语asas人人/物物/事情事情主语、宾语、

6、表语主语、宾语、表语2021/8/11 星期三101.关系代词that的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表 语，作宾语时常可省略。1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物)2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.(作主语,指人)3)The film(that)we saw yesterday is interesting.(作宾语，指物)2021/8/11 星期三112.关系代词which的用法用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时 常可

7、省略。1)China is a country whichwhich has a long history.(作主语)2)The car(whichwhich)my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.(作宾语)2021/8/11 星期三12关系代词that的特权和禁区 1.特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句；（2）介词没有提前。2.禁区：有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。（1）非限定性定于从句；（2）介词提前时。【名师指津】2021/8/11 星期三13【特别提醒

8、】(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。This is the best book that I have ever read.(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.(3)先行词是all,much,little,none,few 等不定代词或由some,any,every,no等词构成的复合代词时）I did all that I could do at that time.There was little that the doctor could do for the pat

9、ient.只用that 不用which的情况：2021/8/11 星期三14(4)当先行词被the only,the very修饰时。The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.（5）先行词既有人又有物。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?（6）主句已有疑问词who/which时。Which is the book that you like?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Wh

10、ich is the T-shirt that fits me most?2021/8/11 星期三15（7）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.2021/8/11 星期三16【典题例证】The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad.Athat Ball that Call what Dwhich2021/8/11 星期三17只用which不用that引导定语从句的情

11、况：1.当关系代词前有介词时。A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.2.引导非限制性定语从句时。The students was late for class 7 times a week,which made her teacher mad.3.一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。4.当先行词本身是that时。That which I had known about made them surprised.2021/8/11 星期三18 用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作

12、宾语时常可省略。1)I know the man whowho spoke to you just now.(作主语)2)She is not the girl whowho she was.(作表语)3.关系代词who的用法2021/8/11 星期三19.4.关系代词whom的用法用法：指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。1)Here is the man(whomwhom)you are looking for.2)The woman(whomwhom)you saw just now is our English teacher.2021/

13、8/11 星期三20【特别提醒】关系代词who和whom的选择 Mr.Smith is the very man who/whom you are looking for.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?2021/8/11 星期三215.关系代词whose的用法 用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。1)This is the scientist whosewhose namename is known all ov

14、er the world.(指人)2)The room whose windowswhose windows face the east is mine.(指物）2021/8/11 星期三22 关系代词whose的选择The man whose wallet was stolen called for the police for help.The boy whose father is a teacher has been admitted to Oxford University.The house whose windows are mostly brokenbelongs to my

15、uncle.The tree whose branches are basically bare dates back to 200 years ago.【名师指津】2021/8/11 星期三231.I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana,a city_ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.【2009湖南高考】湖南高考】A.which B.of which C.that D.whosewas born in New Orleans,Louisiana,

16、a city the name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.【典题例证】2021/8/11 星期三242.A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.【2009天津高考】A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever2021/8/11 星期三256.关系代词as的用法 用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the sameas,suc

17、has,asas等句型中,as不能省略。（1 1）SuchSuch teachers asas know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主语)（2）Ill buy the samethe same dictionary as as you have.(指物，作宾语)2021/8/11 星期三26关系代词as的选择 一、当先行词中有so,such等修饰语时；如：This is so good a book as I can hardly tear myself away from.Never promise such things as you cant achieve.T

18、his is so good a movie _ we all wish to see.This is so good a movie _ we all wish to see it.asasthatthat【名师指津】2021/8/11 星期三27二、当定语从句置于句首时；如：As is known to all,the earth travels around the sun once every year.As we had expected,the students who had cheated in the exams were punished._ is known to all

19、 that the earth travels around the sun once every year.A.As B.It C.That D.What 2021/8/11 星期三28三、当先行词中有the same 修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思稍有不同。如：This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday.(这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意思是说并不是同一件。)This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday.(这是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件衣服。)The students in N

20、ew York are using the same textbooks as we are using.2021/8/11 星期三29关系代词的省略 有两个条件：一、限定性定语从句；二、作宾语或表语。Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.（2006北京高考）A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填【思路点拨】【思路点拨】【典题例证】【典题例证】2021/8/11 星期三30Thank Thank youyou2021/8/11 星期三312021/8/11 星期三32