高考英语 重点突破专题复习课件31.ppt

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1、第八节特殊句式第八节特殊句式考点分类突破考点分类突破2021/8/11 星期三1考点五十四强调句【真题再现】1(2010安徽卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A.whereB.thatC.when D.which2021/8/11 星期三2答案与解析：B句意：女主人用先前从村庄中买的仅仅几样东西做出了如此美味的晚餐。被强调部分是from only a few supplies。句中的“that she had b

2、ought in the village”是定语从句，修饰先行词supplies。句子主干为the hostess cooked such a nice dinner。2021/8/11 星期三32(2010湖南)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today.A.why B.whenC.which D.that答案与解析：D此处强调第二句的主语years of hard work。句意：John的成功与运气没有关系。正是他多年的努力才

3、成就了今天的他。2021/8/11 星期三43(2010四川)If you have a job,_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A.do devote B.dont devoteC.devoting D.not devoting答案与解析：A本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。2021/8/11 星期三5【考点诠释】1强调句型的构成(1)基本句型Itis/was被强调部分that/who其他成分(2)强调句型的变化一般疑问句：将is/was提前，构成Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who其他成分的形式

4、。2021/8/11 星期三6It was at the street that Mary met him.Was it at the street that Mary met him?特殊疑问句：What/Who/Where/How/Whyis/wasitthat.?It was at the street that Mary met him.Who was it that Mary met at the street?2021/8/11 星期三7特殊句式的强调句型：It is/wasnot until被强调部分that其他成分。Not until they_finished_their_h

5、omework did they begin to play basketball.(强调画线部分)It was not until they finished their homework that they began to play basketball.2021/8/11 星期三82强调句型与一些形近句式的辨析(1)It is very clear that the elephant is tall and strong like a tree.很明显，大象又高又壮，像棵大树。注意：本句形式上很接近强调句型，实则不是。在这个句子里，“It”是形式主语，而真正的主语是“that the

6、elephant is tall and strong like a tree”。原句可以还原为：That the elephant is tall and strong like a tree is very clear.。2021/8/11 星期三9(2)Where did you meet before？你们以前在什么地方认识的？It was in the factory where we worked.在我们以前工作的工厂里。注意：答语相当于“It was in the factory where we worked that we met before.”。句子省略了“that we

7、 met before”部分，句中where引导的是定语从句。2021/8/11 星期三103用来表示强调的其他方式如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do,did或does。He did say such words.他确实说过这话。I do want to go with him.我确实想跟他一起去。2021/8/11 星期三11考点五十五倒装句【真题再现】1(2010重庆)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _，one of the ten largest cities in China.A.lies Ch

8、ongqing B.Chongqing liesC.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie答案与解析：A表示方位的介词短语At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River位于句首，故此处应该用全部倒装。2021/8/11 星期三122(2010江西)Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A.did he begin B.had he begunC.he began D.

9、he had begun答案与解析：A句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。2021/8/11 星期三133(2010四川)We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.A.we think B.think weC.we do think D.do we think答案与解析：Dseldom置于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装。句意：我们听到笑话会开怀大笑，但我们很少思考它是怎样让人笑的。2021/8/11 星期三144(2

10、010陕西)John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.A.a girl did stand B.a girl stoodC.did a girl stand D.stood a girl答案与解析：D表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。2021/8/11 星期三15【考点诠释】1up，down,in,away,off,out等副词置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒

11、装。In came a girl,wearing a white skirt.进来了一个穿白裙子的女孩。Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse.猫跳上去抓住了老鼠。2021/8/11 星期三162表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时，用完全倒装。Through the window came in the sweet music.从窗户飘进了美妙的音乐。After the head walked a group of workers.头儿走了出来，后面跟着一群工人。2021/8/11 星期三173there,here,now,then引导的句子及th

12、ere/here be(exist)引导的表示“存在”的句子时用完全倒装。若主语为人称代词，则用陈述语序。Then out rushed a pack of dogs!接着跑出了一群狗。There stands an old pine tree on the top of the hill.山顶上有一棵古松。Here you are.给你。2021/8/11 星期三184“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词系动词主语”结构须用完全倒装。Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。5“only状语/状语从句”位于句首时，用部分倒装。Only in t

13、his way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只是到了他回来后我们才发现实情。2021/8/11 星期三196so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前者情况同样适用于后者或一者具有两种情况，其句型为：so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语.。so与前面的肯定句呼应，neither,nor与前面的否定句呼应。They love having lots of friends;so do those with disab

14、ilities.他们喜欢拥有许多朋友，残疾人也是如此。Lily cant ride;neither(或nor)can Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车；露西也不会。2021/8/11 星期三20I dont know who he is,nor do I want to know.我不知道他是谁，也不想知道。注意：如果句意不是“也是”，而仅是对前述内容的肯定或附和，那么，句子则不可使用倒装式，试比较：It is hot.天真热。So it is.的确如此。He is lazy.他真懒。So is she.她也一样。2021/8/11 星期三217在so.that.句式中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，

15、主句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他讲英语非常清晰，总能让别人听懂。2021/8/11 星期三228not,little,hardly,never,no sooner(.than.),hardly/scarcely(.when.),not only(.but also.),not until,at no time,by no means,on no condition,in no case,in no event,nowhere,seldom等置

16、于句首时，用部分倒装。Never shall I do the same thing again.我再也不做同样的事情了。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.2021/8/11 星期三23不但会帮助人们找工作，还会为那些需要的人提供医疗。Not until he returned did we have supper.他回来后我们才吃晚饭。Seldom do I go to work by bus

17、.我很少乘公共汽车上班。注意：neither.nor.结构中，由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。Neither could theory do without practice,nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。2021/8/11 星期三249though/as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语部分或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不加冠词。Terrible though/as was the storm,we continued our way.尽管暴风雪很大，但我们还是继

18、续赶路。Child though/as he was,he was able to stand on his own feet.尽管他是个孩子，他已经能够独立地生活了。2021/8/11 星期三2510以had/were/should开头引起的省略if的虚拟条件句用部分倒装。Had you come here,you would have met the film star.你当时要是来这里的话就能见到那位电影明星了。Were I you,I would take up art.如果我是你，我就会选修艺术。Should Mary call,say that Ill be back in an

19、hour.如果玛丽来电话，就说我一个小时后回来。2021/8/11 星期三26考点五十六省略【真题再现】1(2010全国)Though _ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.A.surprising B.was surprisedC.surprised D.being surprised答案与解析：C前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语含有be动词，通常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2021/8/11 星期三272(2

20、010浙江)How about camping this weekend,just for a change?OK,_ you want.A.whichever B.howeverC.whatever D.whoever答案与解析：C周末野营怎么样，换换口味？好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此处whatever表示“无论什么”，作want的宾语，whatever引导宾语从句，题干中省了主句“You can do”。2021/8/11 星期三28【考点诠释】英语中的省略主要有：1简单句的省略：所有格后面的表示住宅、商店、工厂和教堂的名词可以省略。what和how引导的感叹句中常常省略句子的主语和系动词b

21、e。主语是all one can do,the first/only thing to do,what one has to do等含有实义动词do的形式，作表语的动词不定式一般省略符号to。2021/8/11 星期三29在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to。2并列句中的省略：并列句中一般把后一个分句中相同的成分省略。3复合句中的省略：由which when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省去，只保留引导从句的疑问词。2021/8/11 星期三30在时间、地点、条件、让步或比较状语从句中，如果

22、谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或主语是it，主语和谓语动词be就常常省略。定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which，whom常可省略。2021/8/11 星期三314简略回答中的省略：简略回答中一般只要主语和助动词，其他和上文重复的内容要省去。5在what if,if only,what about,how about,why not动词原形等惯用句型中的省略。2021/8/11 星期三32考点五十七反意疑问句【真题再现】1(2009湖南)You and I could hardly work together，_？A.could you B.couldnt IC.could

23、nt we D.could we答案与解析：D陈述句部分是否定形式，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。本题陈述句部分中含有否定词hardly，故附加疑问句部分用肯定形式，又由于主语是you and I，故答案应选D项。2021/8/11 星期三332(2009辽宁)Its the first time that he has been to Australia,_？A.isnt he B.hasnt heC.isnt it D.hasnt it答案与解析：C在Its the first time that句型中，附加疑问句部分由陈述句部分的主句的主语和谓语来确定。2021/8/11 星期三343(20

24、09陕西)He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,_？A.is he B.isnt heC.must he D.mustnt he答案与解析：B陈述句部分的谓语中虽有情态动词must，但此处must表示对现在进行的动作进行推测，而must后有助动词be，故答案选B项。2021/8/11 星期三35【考点诠释】1含有特殊主语的反意疑问句(1)如果陈述句部分的主语是不定代词no one,nobody,everyone,someone,everybody,somebody,none等时，其附加疑问句的主语强调全部时可用they，强调个体

25、时可以用he。No one phoned me while I was out,did they?Someone is expecting you,isnt he?2021/8/11 星期三36(2)陈述句的主语是everything,anything,something,nothing时，附加疑问句的主语用it。Nothing has been considered about this meeting,hasnt it?(3)不定代词one作主语时，附加疑问句的主语在正式的场合用one，在非正式场合可以用you。One cant be too careful,can one(you)?(4

26、)当陈述句的主语是指示代词时，其后的附加疑问句的主语要用相应的人称代词，即this或that后用it,these或those后用they。That was a hundred years ago,wasnt it?2021/8/11 星期三37(5)当陈述句是there be句型时，其后的附加疑问句的主语仍用there。There will be a special exhibition tomorrow,wont there?2祈使句的反意疑问句当陈述句部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句的助动词不用do。共有三种情况：(1)祈使句后面的附加疑问句一般用will you或wont you。Come i

27、n and sit down,wont you?Give me a hand,will you?2021/8/11 星期三38(2)以Lets开头的祈使句，后面的附加疑问句要用shall we；而以Let us或以Let me开头的祈使句，其后的附加疑问句应用will you。Lets try another way,shall we?Let us have a go,will you?(3)若陈述句部分是否定的祈使句，附加疑问句除了用will you外，也可用can you。此时附加疑问句必须为肯定形式。Dont make much noise,will/can you?2021/8/11

28、星期三393并列句和复合句的反意疑问句(1)若陈述句部分是一个主从复合句，附加疑问句一般要与主句一致。He said that he was late for the lecture,didnt he?(2)当陈述句部分是Im sure/Im afraid/I dont think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe等)宾语从句结构时，附加疑问句应与从句一致，但要注意陈述句部分的否定转移现象。I dont believe he cares for clothes,does he?2021/8/11 星期三40注意：如果I/We think/believe/guess/suppose/find等引导的宾语从句中含有某个否定意义的副词或形容词，如hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little时，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。We find that he seldom goes to visit his teacher,does he?我们发现他很少去看他的老师，是不是？(3)陈述句部分如果是并列句，附加疑问句与邻近分句一致。Bob speaks English,but his wife speaks German,doesnt she？2021/8/11 星期三412021/8/11 星期三42