高考英语特殊句式ppt课件.ppt

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1、特殊句式突破特殊句式突破【高考命题分析】辨别句子结构是考生应对高考应具备的能力之一。英语中句子结构很多，也很容易混淆。特殊句式内容比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用等是高考考查的重点项目。Learning aims1.Learn the use of Full Inversion and Partial Inversion.(task for A,B,C)2.Learn the emphatic sentence.(task for A,B,C)3.You can use them fluently.(t

2、ask for A,B)一、倒装.完全倒装-定义自学检测谓语动词完全放置主语之前的句子，便是谓语动词完全放置主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：1为了强调状语，把表示方位或时空的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首时。如：In a lecture hall of a university in England _.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。sits a professor South of the river

3、 _一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。_you want.你要的书在这儿。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Away they went.他们走了。Over it turns！它翻过来了。lies a small factory.Here is the book2表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。如：Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。.部分倒装1only修饰副词

4、、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：_只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：Only you can solve the problem.只有你能解决这个问题。Only in this way can we learn English well.never,hardly,scarcely 几乎不，仅仅，决不几乎不，仅仅，决不 seldom,little,barely 仅够，几乎没有仅够，几乎没有 rarely 不常，很少不常，很少 nowhere无处，到处都无无处，到处都无 by no means ;in no case;at no time 决不决

5、不 not until;hardly(scarcely)when,no sooner.than(一一.就就)2.在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，部分倒装部分倒装。Never before have I met him.Hardly did I think it possible.Not a single paper did the scholar write the whole term（条款，条件）（条款，条件）.Seldom did the boy read newspaper.Little do I dream of seeing such wonde

6、rful scenery（风景，景色）（风景，景色）.Nowhere could we find the book.Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain.No sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain.补充补充hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。但当neither.nor.引导两个分句时，两个分句都要部分倒装。如：Hardly _when hi

7、s father stopped him.他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。Neither _，nor _我不知道，她也不知道。had he begun to speakdo I knowdoes she.3so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应，neither，nor与前面的否定句相呼应。如：I dont know who he is，nor do I want to know.我不知道他是谁，我也不想知道。注意：so表示“是的

8、，确实”重复上文，表示赞同对方的观点时，主谓语不倒装。如：It is too hot.天太热了。So it is.是啊，的确很热。5在so/such.that.句式中，如果so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。_that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能听见。So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.So loudly did he speak6以as引导的

9、让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。though引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为“adj./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.as/though主语谓语”。如：_，she has seen much of the world.她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。_，she is courageous.她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。Young as/though she isWoman as she is7省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词had或情态动词should等

10、，可省去if，把were，had或should移到主语之前。如：如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。_万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。_，the sports meeting would be put off.Were I you，I would take his advice.Should it rain tomorrow二、强调句.强调句的基本形式强调句的基本句型是_被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：1被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。如：_我是在公园里遇到他的。“It is/was被强调的部分th

11、at/who其他部分”。It was in the park that I met him.2被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。如：Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。如：It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。3被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。如：It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered

12、radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。4对not.until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until.that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。如：Bethune didnt left the battle hospital until the last operation was finished_直到做完最

13、后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.强调句的疑问形式_that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？_that he made up his mind to take this course?他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？_that he doesnt like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？Was it in 1939When was itWhy is

14、 it注意：强调句型与It is/was时间when从句：在上述句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。三、省略三、省略.状语从句的省略1有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，而且从句的谓语动词又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语be”部分。如：While I was

15、 in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我去游览了长城。If you are asked，you may come in.如果被叫到，你可以进来。She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。Though it was cold，he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。2还有诸如：if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)。如：Errors,i

16、f any,should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。Come tomorrow if possible.有可能的话明天来。if there are anyif it is possibleGet up early tomorrow，if you dont get up early，you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过第一班车。He may not be at home then，if he is not at home，leave him a note.那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。if notif

17、so四、祈使句.否定式和强调式Please dont forget to take your medicine.请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)Do come on time this evening.今晚务必准时到。(强调式).祈使句and陈述句if.，主句祈使句or陈述句if.not.，主句努力工作，你就会成功。_快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。_Work hard and you will succeed.Hurry up or we will be late.五、反意疑问句.含有情态动词表推测的反意疑问句情态动词表示推测时，反意疑问句不用情态动词，而是根据不同的时间状语和情态动词后面动词的不同结构

18、来确定。如：I think he must be a doctor，_He must have been there，_isnt_he?hasnt_he?.主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine等的主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若它们的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分由主句来决定。如：I dont believe he will succeed，_Tom doesnt believe they will succeed，_will he?does he?.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句中的后半

19、部分附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：否定祈使句，will you?肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?Let第三人称，will you？如：Open the door，_打开门，好吗？Lets go out for a walk，_我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now，_现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？will/wont you?shall we？will you?六、感叹句.感叹句的基本形式What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！How形容词(a/an)名词主语谓语！How形容词/副词主语谓

20、语！七、there be结构.there be结构的谓语形式there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur等替换。如：There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.他的电脑可能有毛病。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。.there be结构的非谓语形式T

21、here being no enough time left，we have to hurry.时间不多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语)There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已经停水两天了，这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(独立主格结构作状语)What is the chance of there being an election this year?今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)I expect there to be many cha

22、nces for him to get a job.我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be结构作expect的复合宾语)It is natural for there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children.父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be的不定式结构作真正的主语)1(2012江西高考)Never before _seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.Ahad sheBshe hadChas she Dshe h

23、as2(2012重庆高考)Before you quit your job，_how your family would feel about your decision.Aconsider BconsideringCto consider Dconsidered3(2012江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？Ais there Bisnt thereCis he Disnt he4(2012新课标全国高考)You have to move out of the way _the truck cannot

24、get past you.Aso BorCand Dbut5(2012四川高考)At school，some students are active_some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.Awhile BalthoughCso Das6(2012北京高考)_at the door before you enter my room，please.AKnock BKnockingCKnocked DTo knock7(2012湖南高考)It was not until I came here_I realized th

25、is place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.Awho BthatCwhere Dbefore8(2012上海高考)Only with the greatest of luck _to escape from the rising flood waters.Amanaged she Bshe managedCdid she manage Dshe did manage9(2012上海高考)Was it by cutting down staff_she saved the firm?No，it was by i

26、mproving work efficiency.Awhen BwhatChow Dthat10_the tower building，where you can see the whole city.AStanding on the top ofBIf you climb toCWhen you reach the top ofDGet to the top of11People who have regular physical exercise seldom catch a disease like flu，_？Ahave they Bdont theyChavent they Ddo

27、they12The question that puzzled them is_they can get rid of the air pollution in the area.Ahow is it that Bthat howCwhat is it Dhow it is that13Shall we take some apples with us?No，at no time_in the library.Ais food allowed Ballows foodCfood is allowed Ddoes food allow14Not until I completed the for

28、m_that half the questions were not relevant to me.Ahad I realized BI had realizedCI realized Ddid I realize15You dont need to make fancy foods to impress guestsit is something simple but good_will do.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwho16It is_Tom often breaks the school rules_makes his teacher unsatisfied with h

29、im.Awhat；that Bthat；whatCthat；that Dwhich；that17_seems to be no possibility_the shy girl can win the first prize in the contest.AThere；that BIt；thatCThere；whether DIt；whether18(2013衡水调研)Those who are not admitted to university，_，may attend some other courses or classes for adult higher education.Ath

30、ough important Bif possibleCunless necessary Dif ever19So much of interest_that most visitors simply ran out of time before seeing it all.Aoffered Shanghai World ExpoBShanghai World Expo offeredCdid Shanghai World Expo offerDShanghai World Expo has offered20(2013合肥质检)Little _ about his own safety，th

31、ough he was in great danger himself.Acared he Bhe caredCdid he care Dwas he cared21_for the boy to talk with his mouth full!AWhat bad manners they areBHow bad manners they areCWhat bad manners it isDHow bad manners it is22Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years.Adoes a tall tree s

32、tand Ba tall tree is standingCstands a tall tree Da tall tree stands23We should balance our work and relaxation，and only by doing that，as everybody would agree，_a good state of mind.Acan we have Bwe do haveCwe will have Dwe must have24Hi，are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?No，but I_.Awant to Bwant to beCwant so Dwant it解析：考查省略。如果不定式中含be，have，have been，省略句中不定式通常保留be，have，have been。I want to beI want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group。25(2013嘉兴模拟)My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances _ abandon my learning goals once I set them.AI would BI shouldCwould I Dshould I谢谢观看！谢谢观看！