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1、英国文学作品选读英国文学作品选读Selected Readings in English Literature平时总评平时总评 20%期中成绩期中成绩 20%期末成绩期末成绩 60%总评总评Early and Medieval English Literature(中古时期)The English Renaissance(1500-1625)The Seventeenth Century(1625-1700):The period of English Boureois Revolution and RestorationThe Eighteenth Century(1700-1798)The
2、 Romantic Period(1798-1832)The Victorian Age(1832-1901)Twentieth Century(1900-)Chapter OneThe English Renaissance(1500-1625)文艺复兴指文艺复兴指 14-17 世纪发端于意大利后波及全欧的一场新世纪发端于意大利后波及全欧的一场新兴资产阶级反封建、反教会的思想文化运动。人文主义遍兴资产阶级反封建、反教会的思想文化运动。人文主义遍布英国思想领域,英国文学代表欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高布英国思想领域,英国文学代表欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高成就。英国的诗歌、戏剧和散文,都在文艺复兴时期得到
3、成就。英国的诗歌、戏剧和散文,都在文艺复兴时期得到巨大发展。巨大发展。文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。16世纪世纪由由於新航路发现後海外贸易发达於新航路发现後海外贸易发达英国国力逐渐充实英国国力逐渐充实民族民族主义高涨主义高涨1588年一举击败大陆强国西班牙派来入侵的年一举击败大陆强国西班牙派来入侵的“无敌舰队无敌舰队”。文化上也出现了一个活动频繁。文化上也出现了一个活动频繁 佳作竞出的佳作竞出的文艺复兴局面。文艺复兴局面。英国文学代表欧洲文艺复兴文学
4、的最高成就。代表:托马英国文学代表欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高成就。代表:托马斯斯漠尔、克利斯朵夫漠尔、克利斯朵夫马洛和威廉马洛和威廉莎士比亚。莎士比亚。The Renaissance(1)The word“Renaissance”means“rebirth”.It meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.(2)The Renaissance became a broad dividing line between the Middle Ages and
5、 the Modern Ages.And it came to a flowering in the 15th century and then in the 16th century it spread to France,and thence to Germany and England and Spain and the Low Countries.(3)The essence of the Renaissance is Humanism.Humanism(1)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.(2)It emphasizes the
6、dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life,but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.Stages of English Literature
7、 of the Renaissance The first stage:“Oxford Reformers”and Thomas More(p.3)The second stage:“Elizabethan Age”(1558-1603)The Jacobean Period(1603-1625)The first stage:“Oxford Reformers”牛津城改革家Thomas More(1478-1535)英国新一代人文主义作家 Utopia 乌托邦(1515)第一卷揭露了“圈地”运动“羊吃人”的事实,批判了资本原始积累的残酷性;第二卷虚构了一个平等自由的理想社会。这部小说被认为是
8、空想社会主义著作之一。“Elizabethan Age”Elizabeth I即位时不但成功地即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一,而且保持了英格兰的统一,而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后,在经过近半个世纪的统治后,使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。英格兰文化也在国家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰,涌此期间达到了一个顶峰,涌现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗西斯西斯培根这样的著名人物。培根这样的著名人物。英国在北美的殖民地亦在此英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。在英国历史期间开始确立。在英国历史上在位时被称为上在位时被称为“伊丽莎白伊丽莎白时期时期
9、”,亦称为,亦称为“黄金时代黄金时代”。Drama:Christopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare and Ben Johnson The University Wits(大学才子派)大学才子派是指16世纪80年代英国出现的一批受过大学教育的剧作家。这一批作家致力于英国戏剧改革,把戏剧艺术提升到了一个新高度。这些剧作家大都在牛津或剑桥受过教育,然后从事在当时被视为并不十分光彩的戏剧行业。他们将各种影响融为一体,其中包括古罗马戏剧以及模仿古罗马戏剧的学院剧、中世纪的道德剧、当代的意大利与法国戏剧,从而创作出结构严谨、情节生动、诗意盎然的据作、他们对于戏剧形式的发展
10、也作出了很大贡献,创造出复仇悲剧、浪漫喜剧和历史剧等多种戏剧形式。Marlowe Tamburlaine 帖木儿大帝(1857)The Jew of Malta 马耳他的犹太人(1592)Doctor Faustus 浮士德的悲剧(1588)Shakespeare(1564-1616)37 plays2 narrative poems 154 sonnetsPlays4 Tragedies:Hamlet(哈姆雷特)Othello(奥赛罗)King Lear(李尔王)Macbeth(麦克白)4 Comedies:The Merchant of Venice A Mid-Summer Nights
11、 Dream(仲夏夜之梦)As You Like It(皆大欢喜)Twelfth Night(十二夜)Narrative Poem(叙事诗)(1)A Narrative poem refers to a poem that tells a story.(2)It may consist of a series of incidents,as in John Miltons Paradise Lost(失乐园).Sonnet(十四行诗)(1)Sonnet is one of the most conventional and influential forms of poetry in Euro
12、pe.(2)A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter(五音部诗行),restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.(3)Shakespeares sonnets are well-known.Blank versePeriod 1(1590-1594):Plays 特征:the imitation of existing plays,and the spirit of rich imagination and an optimistic atmosphere of
13、 humanism.King Henry VI in 3 parts(1590-1591)Richard III(1592)Two Gentlemen of Verona(1594)Loves Labour Lost(1594)Romeo and Juliet(1594)Period 2(1595-1600):rapid developmentComedies:A Midsummer Nights Dream(1595)The Merchant of Venice(1596)The Merry Wives of Windsor(1598)Much Ado about Nothing(1598)
14、As You Like It(1599)Twelfth Night(1600)Historical plays:Richard II(1595),Henry IV,Parts I and II(1597)and Henry V(1598)Roman tragedy:Julius Caesar(1599)Period 3(1601-1607):gloom and depressionTragedies and tragicomedies:Hamlet(1601)Othello(1604)King Lear(1605)Macbeth(1605)Alls Well That Ends Well(16
15、03)Measure for Measure(1604)Period 4(1608-1612):calm and peaceRomantic plays:The Winters Tale(1610)The Tempest(1611)Ben Johnson:Volpone 福尔蓬奈(1606)Ben Johnson said that Shakespeare was“not of an age,but for all time”.Lyrical poetry(抒情诗):Philip Sidney:Apology for Poetry(1595)Edmund Spenser:“the poets
16、poet”The Faerie Queene 仙后(1589,1596)通过亚瑟王和仙后葛罗丽亚娜的形象,表现了伦理道德观念和爱国情感。Essay:Francis BaconOf StudiesThe Jacobean PeriodThe epilogue of the English Renaissance;Shakespeare,Johnson and Bacon;John Fletcher,Francis Beaumont,George Chapman,John Webster,Thomas Dekker,Thomas Middleton and Thomas HeywoodSonnet
17、 18Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By ch
18、ance or natures changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst,So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to th
19、ee.In this sonnet,the poet express his true affection for the person he loves and believes that his poetry will bring forth eternal beauty to the person.This sonnet is made up of three quatrains(四行诗)with a rhyming(押韵)scheme ababcdcdefef and a couplet(对句)rhyming gg.译本一译本一:能不能让我来把你比拟做夏日?能不能让我来把你比拟做夏日?
20、你可是更加温和,更加可爱你可是更加温和,更加可爱.狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿,狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿,夏季的生命又未免结束得太快:夏季的生命又未免结束得太快:有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热,有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热,他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗;他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗;每一样美呀,总会离开美而凋落,每一样美呀,总会离开美而凋落,被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残;被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残;但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯,但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯,你永远不会失去你美的仪态;你永远不会失去你美的仪态;死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅,死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅,你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在;你将在不朽的诗中与
21、时间同在;只要人类在呼吸,眼睛看得见,只要人类在呼吸,眼睛看得见,我这诗就活着,使你的生命绵延。我这诗就活着,使你的生命绵延。译本二译本二我想将你比作迷人的夏日,我想将你比作迷人的夏日,但汝却更显可爱和温存但汝却更显可爱和温存,狂野之风摧残着五月蓓蕾的柔媚,狂野之风摧残着五月蓓蕾的柔媚,也一天天消逝着夏日的归期:也一天天消逝着夏日的归期:苍天的明眸偶然泻出璀璨,苍天的明眸偶然泻出璀璨,却难以辉映他暗淡的容颜;却难以辉映他暗淡的容颜;一切明媚的色彩渐已消褪,一切明媚的色彩渐已消褪,过程是如此苍白;过程是如此苍白;然而你却如永恒之夏,然而你却如永恒之夏,所有的美好永远也不会改变;所有的美好永远也不会改变;就连死神也不敢对你嚣张,就连死神也不敢对你嚣张,因你将永生于不朽的诗篇:因你将永生于不朽的诗篇:只要世人一息尚存,只要世人一息尚存,你将和这诗篇永驻人间。你将和这诗篇永驻人间。课后阅读课后阅读The Merchant of Venice(p.6-13)
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