高考英语阅读理解技巧-说明文ppt课件.pptx

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1、高考英语阅读理解说明文没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任1.1.学会分析说明文，掌握命题学会分析说明文，掌握命题规律，探究解题策略规律，探究解题策略2.2.说明文各题型解题策略和技巧说明文各题型解题策略和技巧教学内容教学内容没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任河北省赵县的洨河上，有一座世界闻名的石拱桥，叫安济桥，又叫赵州桥。它是隋朝的石匠李春设计和参加建造的，到现在已经有一千三百多年了。说明文：用平实的语言客观地解说事物、解释现象、说明文：用平实的语

2、言客观地解说事物、解释现象、提供信息，给人以知识的文体；提供信息，给人以知识的文体；题材题材题材题材：实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析、：实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析、：实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析、：实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析、语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等 总体叙述（概述被体叙述（概述被说明明对象）象）赵州桥非常雄伟。桥长五十多米，有九米多宽.下面没有桥礅，只有一个拱形的大桥洞，横跨在三十七米多宽的河面上。大桥洞顶上的左右两

3、边，还各有两个拱形的小桥洞。.这种设计，在建桥史上是一个创举，既减轻了流水对桥身的冲击力，使桥不容易被大水冲毁，又减轻了桥身的重量，节省了石料。这座桥不但坚固，而且美观。.栏板上雕刻着精美的图案：有的刻着两条相互缠绕的龙，嘴里吐出美丽的水花；有的刻着两条飞龙，前爪相互抵着，各自回首遥望；还有的刻着双龙戏珠。所有的龙似乎都在游动，真像活了一样。细节描述细节描述-方法方法：举例子、作比较、分：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作引用、描类别、析因果、列数字、作引用、描写写支撑被支撑被说明明对象象没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承

4、担一次责任解题策略：赵州桥表现了劳动人民的智慧和才干，是我国宝贵的历史遗产。说明文的大体结构：说明文的大体结构：总体叙述总体叙述+细节或过程说明细节或过程说明+概括评述概括评述找出中心关键细节首段、首段、每段首句、每段首句、but/however之后、之后、尾段尾段概况概况评价价没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?29.What did street sales m

5、ean to newspapers?30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?31.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?细节细节推理推理细节细节推理推理分析分析20192019年年3 3卷高考卷说明文卷高考卷说明文C C篇设问：篇设问：围绕一个事物多细节多推理没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任32.What did the researchers do to the monkeys be

6、fore testing them?33.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?34.What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?35.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?推理推理推理推理细节细节细节细节分析分析20192019年年3 3卷高考卷说明文卷高考卷说明文D D篇设问：篇设问：围绕一个事物多细节多推理没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责

7、任。每承担一次责任28.What is the text mainly about?29.What does the underlined word displaced in paragraph 2 mean?30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?31.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?推理推理判断判断主旨主旨大意大意词义词义词义词义猜测猜测猜测猜测Passage BPassage B围绕一个事物多细节多推理推理推理判断判

8、断没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?细节细节细节细节细节细节Passage APassage A围绕一个事物多细节多推理没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人

9、生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任主旨大意28.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced

10、 to Yellowstone National Park.(Para1)Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area.(Para 2)The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.(Para 3)As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.(Para 4)The governm

11、ent spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.(Para 5)首段、首段、每段首句、每段首句、but/however之后、之后、尾段尾段没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任词义猜测29.What does the underlined word displaced in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.Gray wolves

12、 once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.构构词法、上下文法、上下文语境，利用定境，利用定义、解解释、举例和例和对比比转折折没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值

13、就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任推理判断30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the parks income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations major

14、food sources(来源来源)for the wolf grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes,and completely drove away the park

15、s beavers.题文同序，主题一致，同义转换没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任推理判断-观点态度31.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U.S.Fis

16、h and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a va

17、luable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些些夸大其词夸大其词的说法，把的说法，把“大约大约”说成说成“绝对，肯定绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,c

18、ompletely,definitely等词等词)，把抽象说成具体，或，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成误串起来，从而构成形是实非形是实非的干扰的干扰项。项。注意注意“陷阱陷阱”没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任分析长难句：1.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but the

19、y were gradually displaced by human development.修饰成分：介短，从句，非谓语画括号没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任 Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调调 查查)by the National Sleep Foundation,51%of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or lat

20、er on school nights,even though they have to get up early.细节细节 25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标

21、，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任 How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal(理理想想的的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35%of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before

22、 bedtime?Watch TV.细节细节 26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.规律1：题文同序，主题一致没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任 More children are going to bed with TVs on,and there are more opportunities(机机会会)to stay awake,with more home

23、work,the Internet and the phone,says Dr.Mary Carskadon,.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say 细节细节 27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.Th

24、ey tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.规律2：细节题选项为原文句的同义转换没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任分析长难句：1.According to a new survey(调查调查)by the National Sleep Foundation,51%of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 p

25、m or later on school nights,even though they have to get up early.修饰成分：介短，从句，非谓语画括号没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任分析长难句：2.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteri

26、stics,but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.修饰成分：介短，从句，非谓语画括号没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任Homework完成阅读理解：完成阅读理解：爱疯英语爱疯英语P64-66没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任 Practice Makes Perfect!没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实现自我人生价值就无从谈起。人生价值就是人生目标，就是人生责任。每承担一次责任THANKS FOR YOURLISTENING!