2023年考研英语一真题及答案解析.doc

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1、2023年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping

2、you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in P

3、ennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-r

4、educing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress

5、,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.” Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormon

6、e” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1A Un

7、like B Besides C Despite D Throughout 2A connected B restricted C equal D inferior 3A choice B view C lesson D host 4A recall B forget C avoid D keep 5A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting 6A of B in C at D on 7A devoted B exposed C lost D attracted 8A across B along C down D out 9A calcula

8、ted B denied C doubted D imagined 10A served B required C restored D explained 11A Even B Still C Rather D Thus 12A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors 13A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased 14A equipped B associated C presented D compared 15A assess B moderate C generate D record 16A

9、in the face of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of 17A transfer B commit C attribute D return 18A because B unless C though D until 19A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases 20A experiences B combines C justifies Dinfluences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read t

10、he following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some majo

11、r U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But d

12、emanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a se

13、cret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicagos OHare International .It is not yet clear how much more

14、 effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lane

15、s. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck progra

16、m. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. P

17、assengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment

18、 or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_. A gained great popularity B created ma

19、ny jobs Cstrengthened community ties D become an official festival 22. The author believes that Londons Olympic “legacy” has failed to _. A boost population growth B promote sport participation Cimprove the citys image D increase sport hours in schools 23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in

20、that it _. A aims at discovering talents B focuses on mass competition C does not emphasize elitism D does not attract first-timers 24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should_. A organize “grassroots” sports events B supervise local sports associations C increase funds

21、for sports clubs D invest in pubic sports facilities 25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _. Atolerant B critical Cuncertain Dsympathetic Text 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watc

22、hers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMTs plan

23、ned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense

24、atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of

25、 what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its

26、holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brou

27、ght early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from

28、 and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility aroun

29、d the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cult

30、ural heritage and to study the stars. 26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. D her appreciation of star wa

31、tchers feats in her time. 27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features B its protective surroundings. C its religious implications. D its existing infrastructure. 28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruinin

32、g their intellectual life. B it reminds them of a humiliating history. C their culture will lose a chance of revival. D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea. 29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. B helps spread Haw

33、aiian culture across the world. C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility. 30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism. B passive acceptance. C slight hesitancy. D full approval. Text 3 Robert F. Ken

34、nedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has a

35、nnoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was g

36、oing so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries meas

37、ured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounde

38、d assessment of how countries are performing. While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2023 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economie

39、s have continued to decline . Yet this isnt the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded

40、 as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different . So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as env

41、ironmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus effort

42、s on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress . 31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP. Bidentified GDP with happiness . Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP . Dhad a low opinion of GDP . 32.

43、It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern . BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK . Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy . Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP . 33.Which of the following is true

44、about the recent annual study ? AIt is sponsored by 163 countries . BIt excludes GDP as an indicator. CIts criteria are questionable . DIts results are enlightening . 34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom . Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economi

45、c decline . Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP . Dit requires caution to handle economic issues . 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ? AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson BGDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health CRebort F. Kennedy , a Termina

46、tor of GDP DBrexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-being Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such a

47、s a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government. The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties. Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found. The cou